scholarly journals Analysis of Rainfall Trends and Extreme Precipitation in the Middle Adriatic Side, Marche Region (Central Italy)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Gentilucci ◽  
Maurizio Barbieri ◽  
Han Soo Lee ◽  
Dino Zardi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Marche Region ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Rainfall Trends ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gis Software

Extreme precipitation trends and events are fundamental for the definition of the region’s climate and allow the subsequent analysis of the risk for the territory and the possible countermeasures. This study takes into account the Marche Region (Central Italy) with 128 rain gauges from 1921 to 2017. Initially, in order to obtain a rainfall overview, the dominant trend of the period 1921–2017 was evaluated. Initially, in order to obtain a rainfall overview, the dominant trend of the period 1921–2017 was evaluated. In addition, to obtain a comparable analysis, the average precipitations grouped in climatological standard normals were analyzed. Finally, the main purpose of the research was achieved by analyzing extreme events in the middle Adriatic side. In addition, forecasts of extreme precipitation events, with a return period of 100 years, were made using the theory of “generalized extreme value” (GEV). The innovation of this research is represented by the use of geostatistics to spatialize the variables investigated, through a clear and immediate graphic representation performed through GIS software. This study is a necessary starting point for the study of climate dynamics in the region, and it is also a useful tool for land use planning.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Landslide Susceptibility, Macerata Province (Central Italy)

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Matteo Gentilucci ◽  
Marco Materazzi ◽  
Gilberto Pambianchi
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Gis Software

Every year, institutions spend a large amount of resources to solve emergencies generated by hydrogeological instability. The identification of areas potentially subject to hydrogeological risks could allow for more effective prevention. Therefore, the main aim of this research was to assess the susceptibility of territories where no instability phenomena have ever been detected. In order to obtain this type of result, statistical assessments of the problem cannot be ignored. In this case, it was chosen to analyse the susceptibility to landslide using a flexible method that is attracting great interest in the international scientific community, namely the Weight of Evidence (WoE). This model-building procedure, for calculating landslide susceptibility, used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software by means of mathematical operations between rasters and took into account parameters such as geology, acclivity, land use, average annual precipitation and extreme precipitation events. Thus, this innovative research links landslide susceptibility with triggering factors such as extreme precipitation. The resulting map showed a low weight of precipitation in identifying the areas most susceptible to landslides, although all the parameters included contributed to a more accurate estimate, which is necessary to preserve human life, buildings, heritage and any productive activity.

scholarly journals Characterization of Extreme Precipitation Events in the Pyrenees. From the Local to the Synoptic Scale.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Lemus-Canovas ◽  
Joan-A. Lopez-Bustins ◽  
Javier Martín-Vide ◽  
Amar Halifa-Marin ◽  
Damián Insua-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Eastern Pyrenees ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Mountain Systems ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Precipitation Events ◽  
Western Pyrenees

Mountain systems within the Mediterranean region, e.g. the Pyrenees, are very sensitive to climate change. In the present study, we quantified the magnitude of extreme precipitation events and the number of days with torrential precipitation (daily precipitation ≥ 100 mm) in all the rain gauges available in the Pyrenees for the 1981-2015 period, analyzing the contribution of the synoptic scale in this type of events. The easternmost (under the Mediterranean influence) and north-westernmost (under Atlantic influence) areas of the Pyrenees registered the highest number of torrential events. The heaviest events are expected in the eastern part, i.e. 400 mm day-1 for a return period of 200 years. Northerly advections over the Iberian Peninsula, which present a low zonal index, i.e. im-plying a stronger meridional component, give rise to torrential events over the western Pyrenees; and easterly advections favour extreme precipitation over the eastern Pyrenees. The air mass travels a long way, from the east coast of North America, bringing heavy rainfall to the western Pyrenees. In the case of the torrential events over the eastern Pyrenees, the air mass causing the events in these areas is very short and originates in the Mediterranean Basin. The NAO index has no influence upon the occurrence of torrential events in the Pyrenees, but these events are closely related to certain Mediterranean teleconnections such as the WeMO

How changes in extreme precipitation impacts hydraulic structure design storms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Rahmani ◽  
Enrica Caporali
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
The State ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Daily Precipitation Data

<p>With a global concern about climate nonstationary and predictions of more extreme weather events, considering new rainfall distribution patterns is necessary using the most current and complete data available at any location. In this study, extreme rainfall frequency is analyzed using daily precipitation data in Kansas located in the central United States and Tuscany in the central Italy. From Kansas, 39 stations with data from 1920-2009 are selected, while for from Tuscany Region, 472 stations with daily time series of at least 15 years in the period 1916-2017 are used in the analysis. Initial analysis showed an increase in extreme precipitation events in Kansas with extreme event values tending to increase in magnitude from the northwest to southeast part of the state. Comparing results of the first period (1920-1949) to the last of three study periods (1980–2009) showed that approximately 90% of the state had an increase in short-term rainfall event magnitudes. Long-term event magnitudes were predicted to be higher in 66% of the state. Tuscany analysis is being conducted. Generally, results show a shift in rainfall distribution patterns in Kansas and Tuscany spatially and temporally. This shift changes the design criteria for hydraulic infrastructures, both in runoff control and storage structures.</p>

scholarly journals Climatic Variations in Central Italy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Gentilucci ◽  
Maurizio Barbieri ◽  
Peter Burt
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Crest Line ◽  
Gis Software ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constant Growth

The province of Macerata, Italy, is a topographically complex region which has been little studied in terms of its temperature and precipitation climatology. Temperature data from 81 weather stations and precipitation data from 55 rain gauges were obtained, and, following quality control procedures, were investigated on the basis of 3 standard periods: 1931-1960, 1961-1990 and 1991-2014. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation and temperature were analysed on the basis of six topographic variable (altitude, distance from the sea, latitude, distance from the closest river, aspect, and distance from the crest line). Of these, the relationship with altitude showed the strongest correlation. Use of GIS software allowed investigation of the most accurate way to present interpolations of these data and assessment of the differences between the 3 investigated periods. The results of the analyses permit a thorough evaluation of climate change spatially over the last 60 years. Generally, the amount of precipitation is diminished while the temperature is increased across the whole study area, but with significant variations within it. Temperature increased by 2 to 3°C in the central part of the study area, while near the coast and in the mountains the change is between about 0 and 1°C,  with small decreases focused in the Appennine and foothill belt (-1 to 0°C). For precipitation, the decrease is fairly uniform across the study area (between about 0-200 mm), but with some isolated areas of strong increase (200-300 mm) and only few parts of territory in which there is an increase of 0-200 mm, mainly in the southern part of the coast, to the south-west and inland immediately behind the coast. The monthly temperature trend is characterized by a constant growth, while for precipitation there is a strong decrease in the amount measured in January, February and October (between 25 and 35 mm on average).

scholarly journals Seismogenic structure behaviour revealed by spatial clustering of seismicity in the Umbria-Marche Region (Central Italy)

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Seismogenic Structure ◽  
Marche Region ◽  
Background Seismicity ◽  
Clustering Of Events ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Correlation Dimension Method

Time variations in the spatial distribution of earthquake epicentres are analyzed by application of the fractal correlation dimension method. The zone under investigation is located in Central Italy, bounded in longitude by 12.0 and 14.4 degrees east and in latitude by 42.0 and 43.6 degrees north. From 1st January 1978 to 5th October 1997, 2028 events with a magnitude above Ml= 2.5 constitute the database.Evolution of the spatial fractal dimension Ds permits the identification of seismic cycles that are connected to the occurrence of main earthquakes.In particular, it is possible to recognize a division within each cycle, between a period of random background seismicity and a spatial clustering of events where shocks of magnitude Ml ³occur. Moreover, the decrease in Ds prior to such events, evidences a structural relationship between foreshocks and the occurrence of a main shock, even if not in close territorial proximity.This feature indicates a new, more extensive definition of seismogenic structure which can includes several interconnected structures within a large area.

scholarly journals Hydraulic contacts identification in the aquifers of limestone ridges: tracer tests in the Montelago pilot area (Central Apennines)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Tazioli ◽  
Lucia Aquilanti ◽  
Francesca Clementi ◽  
Mirco Marcellini ◽  
Torquato Nanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Transport Parameter ◽  
Central Apennines ◽  
Dna Molecule ◽  
Marche Region ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Definition Of

The investigated area, located in the inner part of the Marche region (central Italy) and belonging to the carbonate Umbria- Marche ridges in the central Apennines, is characterised by very complex geo-structural setting and widespread karst phenomena that make difficult the definition of the relation among the aquifers basing only on the hydrogeological survey. Hence, the presence of different flowpaths among aquifers of the Umbria-Marche hydrostratigraphic sequence and of tectonic contacts among the different structures is verified using tracer tests. In particular, the tests showed that the Calcare Massiccio and the Maiolica aquifers are connected under certain tectonic conditions. A new tracer given by a single stranded DNA molecule and traditional fluorescent dyes have been injected into the Montelago sinkhole in different periods (during the recharge and during the discharge) and recovered in several points along the expected hydrogeological basin, using either manual and automatic sampling. Fluorescent traps were positioned in creeks, rivers and springs. The DNA molecule is useful to trace surface water and groundwater, is detectable even at very low concentrations, no significant change in water density and viscosity can be observed and its use is not dangerous for the environment. The results stress the suitability of DNA as hydrogeological tracer, capable to identify connections among aquifers and study different flowpaths even in high flow conditions when traditional tracers are more and more diluted. Moreover, fluorescein tracer allowed for the transport parameter determination, giving mean velocities ranging from 100 to 3000 m/day and mean residence time from some tens to hundreds of hours, and determining the aquifer volumes.

Rossby wave packets associated with extreme precipitation events over Northern-Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Grazzini ◽  
Georgios Fragkoulidis ◽  
Franziska Teubler ◽  
Volkmar Wirth ◽  
George Craig
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Rossby Wave ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Vapour Transport ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Water Vapour Transport ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
Precipitation Events

<p>Several studies on extreme precipitation events (EPEs) in the alpine area reported, as the main triggering factor, a meridionally elongated upper-level trough (i.e., a breaking Rossby wave) as part of an incoming Rossby wave packet (RWP). In this work, we investigate a vast number of EPEs occurring between 1979 and 2015 in northern-central Italy. The EPEs are subdivided into three categories (Cat1, Cat2, Cat3) according to thermodynamic conditions over the affected region. The three categories do not only differ locally but also in the evolution of precursor RWPs. These differences cannot be solely explained by the apparent seasonality of the flow; therefore, the relevant physical processes in the RWP propagation of each case are further investigated. In particular, we show that RWPs associated with the strongest EPEs, namely the ones falling in Cat2, undergo a substantial amplification over the western N. Atlantic due to anomalous ridge-building two days before the event; arguably due to diabatic heating sources. This type of development induces a downstream trough which is highly effective in focusing water vapour transport towards the main orographic barriers of the Apennines and the Alps. Finally, we identify an increasing trend of water vapour transport over the western N. Atlantic which is likely associated with the observed increase in Cat2 and Cat3 events</p>

scholarly journals Climatic Variations in Macerata Province (Central Italy)

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Gentilucci ◽  
Maurizio Barbieri ◽  
Peter Burt
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Crest Line ◽  
Gis Software ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constant Growth

The province of Macerata, Italy, is a topographically complex region which has been little studied in terms of its temperature and precipitation climatology. Temperature data from 81 weather stations and precipitation data from 55 rain gauges were obtained, and, following quality control procedures, were investigated on the basis of 3 standard periods: 1931–1960, 1961–1990 and 1991–2014. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation and temperature were analysed on the basis of six topographic variable (altitude, distance from the sea, latitude, distance from the closest river, aspect, and distance from the crest line). Of these, the relationship with altitude showed the strongest correlation. Use of GIS software allowed investigation of the most accurate way to present interpolations of these data and assessment of the differences between the 3 investigated periods. The results of the analyses permit a thorough evaluation of climate change spatially over the last 60 years. Generally, the amount of precipitation is diminished while the temperature is increased across the whole study area, but with significant variations within it. Temperature increased by 2 to 3 °C in the central part of the study area, while near the coast and in the mountains the change is between about 0 and 1 °C, with small decreases focused in the Appennine and foothill belt (−1 to 0 °C). For precipitation, the decrease is fairly uniform across the study area (between about 0–200 mm), but with some isolated areas of strong increase (200–300 mm) and only few parts of territory in which there is an increase of 0–200 mm, mainly in the southern part of the coast, to the south-west and inland immediately behind the coast. The monthly temperature trend is characterized by a constant growth, while for precipitation there is a strong decrease in the amount measured in January, February and October (between 25 and 35 mm on average).

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