scholarly journals Red Lentil (Lens culinaris) Extract as a Novel Natural Coagulant for Turbidity Reduction: An Evaluation, Characterization and Performance Optimization Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chua ◽  
Malek ◽  
Chong ◽  
Sujarwo ◽  
Ho
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Anionic Polymer ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Settling Characteristic ◽  
And Performance

Increasing awareness on the detrimental effects of inorganic chemical coagulants and sustainable treatment have paved the way to develop environmentally-benign natural coagulants for water and wastewater treatment. In this research, brown, green, and red lentil (Lens culinaris) extracts have been evaluated as a natural coagulant for the turbidity reduction. The physicochemical characteristics properties of lentil extract were evaluated through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Red lentil extract was found to be an anionic polymer with hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups. The effects of three major operating parameters, pH, the concentration of coagulant, and settling time, were studied and optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) using the Box–Behnken Design (BBD). The red lentil extract as coagulant was outperformed alum in acidic wastewater treatment, which achieved up to 98.87% turbidity removal with an optimum concentration of 26.3 mg/L in 3 min. Besides, the red lentil extract as coagulant reduced 29.42% of material cost, generated 15.6% lower amount of sludge and produced flocs with better settling characteristic (SVI: 7.39) as compared to alum. Based on the experimental observation and characterization study, absorption and bridging mechanisms were proposed for red lentil extract as the coagulant in turbidity reduction.

Electrocoagulation of azo dye containing synthetic wastewater using monopolar iron electrodes and the characterization of the sludge

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suresh ◽  
S. Sathish ◽  
G. Narendrakumar
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Iron Electrodes ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Abstract In this study, the decolourisation of Congo red dye is studied using the natural coagulant Maize Seed Powder (MSP); a suitable alternative for chemical coagulants in electro coagulation (EC) using iron electrodes. The effects of various parameters such as initial dye concentration, pH, applied voltage and time on the decolourisation of dye were studied. The cost of water treatment is increasing due to suspended and colloidal particle load. The coagulation process can be used as a primary step for water and wastewater treatment processes. Among plant materials that have been tested, the seeds of maize have been shown to be one of the most effective primary coagulants in water and wastewater treatment. The removal efficiency of the dye with and without the presence of MSP as a coagulant aid was determined. In the EC process maximum Congo red removal was achieved by using the natural coagulant MSP. Congo red (CR) decolourisation efficiency is 95.23% at a coagulant dosage of 50 mg/lit, pH of 5, operating time of 15 minutes, and a power of 40 volts with iron electrodes. In the absence of coagulant MSP, Congo red decolourisation efficiency was found to be 80.31% at pH of 5, operating time of 15 minutes, and a power of 40 volts with iron electrodes.

Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment VIII

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (0) ◽  
pp. 9781780402840-9781780402840
Author(s):  
H. Hahn ◽  
E. Hoffman ◽  
H. Odegaard
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Water

Nanofiltration of endocrine disrupting compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gallenkemper ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Set Up

Endocrine disrupting compounds can affect the hormone system in organisms. A wide range of endocrine disrupters were found in sewage and effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Toxicological evaluations indicate that conventional wastewater treatment plants are not able to remove these substances sufficiently before disposing effluent into the environment. Membrane technology, which is proving to be an effective barrier to these substances, is the subject of this research. Nanofiltration provides high quality permeates in water and wastewater treatment. Eleven different nanofiltration membranes were tested in the laboratory set-up. The observed retention for nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) ranged between 70% and 100%. The contact angle is an indicator for the hydrophobicity of a membrane, whose influence on the permeability and retention of NP was evident. The retention of BPA was found to be inversely proportional to the membrane permeability.

Water and Wastewater Treatment for a Small Island Resort

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rigden
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Operational Data ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Desalination

The design of a reverse osmosis desalination unit and a rotating biological contactor for water and wastewater treatment for a small island resort is described. Some operational data are presented and recommendations for design flows and loadings are made.

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