scholarly journals The Development of a Calculation Model for the Instantaneous Pressure Head of Oscillating Water Flow in a Pipeline

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
Delan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Instantaneous Pressure

Sinusoidal oscillating water flow at low pressure can improve the anti-clogging ability of an emitter in drip irrigation or the water distribution of a nozzle in sprinkler irrigation and reduce the cost and energy consumption of the irrigation system. In this study, the characteristics of instantaneous pressure head attenuation of oscillating water flow along a pipeline have been investigated. By using a complex function to solve the continuity equation and the momentum equation of a pipeline with water hammer motion and using the Darcy–Weisbach formula to estimate the head loss, a calculation model for the instantaneous pressure head of oscillating water flow along a pipeline was developed. The measured value of the amplitude of the pressure head and the average instantaneous pressure head in the experiments have been used to verify the corresponding pressure head calculated by the model. The results show that the amplitude of the pressure head and the average instantaneous pressure head decrease linearly along the pipeline. The calculated value of the amplitude of the pressure head and the average instantaneous pressure head are basically close to the corresponding measured pressure head. From the results of all the tests, the maximum relative error of the calculated and measured value of the amplitude of the pressure head along the pipeline was 9.44%. The maximum relative error of the calculated and measured value of the average instantaneous pressure head along the pipeline was 8.37%. Hence, the model can accurately predict the instantaneous pressure head of oscillating water flow along a pipe and provide a theoretical basis for the application of oscillating water flow in irrigation systems and the design of irrigation pipe networks.

scholarly journals Efisiensi Keseragaman Distribusi Air Dari Variasi Ketinggian Pipa Pada Sistem Irigasi Curah

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-438
Author(s):  
Ariswandi Putra ◽  
Ichwana Ichwana ◽  
Susi Chairani
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity

Abstrak. Sistem irigasi curah pada penerapannya dapat menghemat air serta waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menyiram tanaman. Sistem irigasi curah mendistribusikan air dari pompa air sebagai sumber tekanan melalui sistem perpipaan hidrolika dalam bentuk curahan air yang disemprotkan ke udara, kemudian curahan air tersebut jatuh ke tanah maupun akar-akar  tanaman. Ketinggian pipa merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang dapat menentukan kinerja sistem irigasi curah terhadap keseragaman distribusi atau penyebaran curahan air ke tanaman. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa ketinggian pipa memberi pengaruh terhadap semua parameter yang diamati, yakni koefisien keseragaman distribusi air (CU), laju penyiraman air dan jarak lempar air. Nilai rata-rata debit nozzle yang diperoleh adalah 3,4007 liter/menit dan nilai rata-rata laju penyiraman air 4897,032 mm/hari. Nilai koefisien keseragaman distribusi air adalah sebesar 99,017 % pada riser 15 cm, 99,015 % pada riser 20 cm dan 99,016 % pada riser 25 cm. Kemudian nilai rata-rata jarak lempar air 127,33 cm. Adapun untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian pipa pada sistem irigasi curah adalah dengan menggunakan persamaan regresi linear. Maka nilai regresi linear yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar 75,4 % dari seluruh parameter yang diamati, yakni koefisien keseragaman distribusi air (CU), laju penyiraman air dan jarak lempar air. Kata kunci : Sistem irigasi curah, ketinggian pipa. Abstract. The sprinkler irrigation system in the application of bulk can save water as well as the time needed for watering plants. The sprinkler irrigation system to distribute the water from the water pump as the source pressure through the piping system hydraulics in the form of a drink of water that is sprayed into the air, then the water flow fell to the ground and the roots of plants. The riser is one of the important factors that can determine the performance of irrigation systems bulk of the uniform distribution or dissemination of water flow into the plant. The results of this study explains that the height of the pipe to give effect to all parameters were observed, namely water distribution coefficient of uniformity (CU), the rate of watering and water throwing distance. The average value obtained discharge nozzle is 3.4007 liters / min and the average value of the rate of watering 4897.032 mm / day. The coefficient of uniformity of water distribution is equal to 99.017% at 15 cm riser, the riser 99.015% 99.016% 20 cm and 25 cm on the riser. Then the average value of 127.33 cm water throwing distance. As for the height of the pipe to determine the effect on the bulk of irrigation systems is to use linear regression equation. Then the resulting linear regression value is equal to 75,4 % of all observed parameters, ie water distribution coefficient of uniformity (CU), the rate of watering and water throwing distance. Keywords : The sprinkler irrigation system, the riser.

scholarly journals Modeling and Dynamic-Simulating the Water Distribution of a Fixed Spray-Plate Sprinkler on a Lateral-Move Sprinkler Irrigation System

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisheng Zhang ◽  
Jinjun Guo ◽  
Bin Sun ◽  
Hongyuan Fang ◽  
Delan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Superposition Method ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient

Uniformity of water distribution plays an important role in evaluating irrigation quality. As necessities in calculating irrigation uniformity during designing a lateral-move sprinkler irrigation system (LMSIS), the water distribution patterns of individual sprinkler in motion are crucial. Considering the limitation of the experiment platform, dynamic water distribution of an isolated sprinkler is difficult to measure, especially for a fixed spray plate sprinkler (FSPS) which LMSIS has been widely equipped with in China, therefore developing a model to simulate dynamic water distribution of a moving sprinkler is necessary. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the theoretical basis for calculating water distribution characteristics of a single FSPS in translational motion applying a superposition method, and provide an optimized operation management of LMSIS. The theoretical model’s validity was verified in an indoor experiment using a Nelson D3000 FSPS in motion with 36 grooves and blue-plate spray heads. The software was programmed using the Eclipse Platform and the software was capable of simulating water distribution pattern and Christiansen uniformity coefficient (Cu). The results indicated that the water distribution simulated by the software presents three peaks of maximum application under varying conditions, and the value of water application peaks decreased as working pressure and/or mounting height increased. Conversely, the wetted diameter increased as working pressure and/or mounting height increased. Working pressure, mounting height, and sprinkler spacing each had a significant effect on the Cu. The Cu increased as working pressure and/or mounting height increased but decreased as sprinkler spacing increased. As a consequence, the model can be used to predict the relative water distribution pattern; and the Cu can be calculated with the simulated data, thus providing a tool for designing a new LMSIS.

scholarly journals Controlled sprinkler irrigation system for agricultural plant cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012046
Author(s):  
P Satriyo ◽  
I S Nasution ◽  
D V Della
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Controlling System

Abstract In recent decades, precision agriculture and smart farming have become promising issues particularly in the industrial revolution era 4.0. The main objective of this presented paper is to apply the optimized controlling system developed by means of Internet of things for controlling sprinkler irrigation systems used for agricultural product cultivation where in this study, we used shallot plants. The controlling systems were established by designing hardware and software used to monitor water distribution in sprinkler irrigation for onion plants during five initial days of cultivation. The result showed that controlled irrigation can optimize and monitor all plant growth indicators namely soil moisture, temperature, air humidity and water discharge and be able to carry out watering according to the desired level of soil moisture. It may conclude that a controlled sprinkler irrigation system can be applied as a part of precision agriculture practice in order to enhance production and sustainable agriculture.

Theoretical and Experimental Study on Device Characteristics of Sprinkler Irrigation System

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingye Zhu ◽  
Shouqi Yuan ◽  
Jianrui Liu ◽  
Xinkun Wang ◽  
Bin Cai
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Local Resistance ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Resistance Loss ◽  
System Water

The resistance loss of sprinkler irrigation system is an important parameter, it has significance and practical value for studying its device characteristics. In this study, according to the selected materials and setting modes, both the pressure drop along the pipe and the local resistance loss were calculated out. The theoretical device characteristics of one sprinkler irrigation system was analyzed. A calculating schema has been carried out in order to apply the method to any sprinkling system. Experimental study was carried out for this system. Water distribution maps for the sprinklers were drawn using Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB). The hydraulic characteristics were as follow, 7.2, 3.0, 10.0 mm/h was the average, minimum, and maximum irrigated intensity, respectively. It supplied theoretical foundation for the reasonable application of sprinkler irrigation system for the future.

scholarly journals Pressure compensating microsprinklers using microtube as a flow controller

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Alexsandro C. dos Santos Almeida ◽  
Ceres D. G. C. de Almeida ◽  
Tarlei A. Botrel ◽  
José A. Frizzone
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Flow Uniformity ◽  
Random Manner ◽  
Distribution Uniformity

ABSTRACT Microsprinkler non-pressure compensating nozzles usually show water flow variation along the lateral line. This study aimed at adapting microtubes into non-compensating system of microsprinklers previous installed in the field, as a self-compensated nozzle, to improve the flow uniformity along the lateral line. Microtubes were adapted to three types of commercial microsprinklers. Tests were conducted, both in the laboratory and in field, to evaluate the microsprinkler performance at four different flows (40, 50, 60 and 70 L h-1) under pressure head range from 75 to 245 kPa. Nozzles presented coefficient of flow-rate variation (CVq) lower than 5.5% and distribution uniformity (DU) greater than 95%, which are classified as excellent. The original spatial water distribution of the microsprinkler did not change by using microtube as a nozzle. This device adapted to non-pressure compensating microsprinklers are functional and operate effectively with flows ranging up to 70 L h-1. Small variations at microsprinkler flows along the lateral line can occur, however, at random manner, which is common for pressure-compensating nozzles. Therefore, the microtube technique is able to control pressure variation in microsprinklers.

scholarly journals Calidad del riego por aspersión subfoliar en cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en la finca San Vicente, Los Ríos, Ecuador

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Juan Tandazo Garcés ◽  
Oscar Caicedo Camposano ◽  
Carlos Salas Macías ◽  
Viviana Sánchez Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Distribution ◽  
High Uniformity ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Quality of subfoliar sprinkler irrigation in Theobroma Cacao L. in San Vicente farm, Los Ríos, Ecuador Resumen Se realizó la evaluación del manejo de un sistema de riego por aspersión subfoliar en el cultivo de cacao, en donde el objetivo fue valorar su comportamiento hidráulico. Se estudiaron tres presiones de trabajo de los aspersores en cinco módulos del sistema. Los parámetros evaluados fueron: presiones al inicio y final de los laterales de riego, caudales en esos mismos sitios, coeficiente de uniformidad de Christiansen, uniformidad de distribución y área regada adecuadamente. Los resultados indican que existe una variación de presión y caudal por encima de lo teórico (20% y 10%). Se evidenció que altos coeficientes de uniformidad no representan la mayor área regada adecuadamente. Las presiones de trabajo estudiadas en los aspersores aseguran altos coeficientes de uniformidad del riego, no obstante, si lo que se desea es alcanzar la mayor área adecuadamente regada se debe operar a 275,79 kPa. Palabras claves: caudal; uniformidad; presión de trabajo. Abstract The evaluation of the management of a subfoliar sprinkler irrigation system in the cocoa crop was carried out, where the objective was to evaluate its hydraulic behavior. Three working pressures of the sprinklers were studied in five modules of the system. The parameters evaluated were: pressures at the beginning and end of the irrigation sides flow at those same sites, Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient, Distribution Uniformity and Adequately Irrigated Area. The results indicate that there is a variation of pressure and flow above the theoretical, that is, of 20% and 10%. It was evidenced that high uniformity coefficients do not represent the largest area irrigated adequately. The work pressures studied in the sprinklers ensure high coefficients of uniformity of irrigation, however, if what is desired is to reach the largest area adequately irrigated, it should be operated at 275.79 kPa. Keywords: flow; uniformity; pressure head.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sinusoidal Oscillating Water Flow on Sprinkler and Impact Kinetic Energy Intensities of Laterally-Moving Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
Delan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Impact Kinetic Energy ◽  
Nozzle Spacing

Laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation systems under low pressure experience problems including small spraying range, low uniformity, surface runoff, and low water utilization rate. To solve these problems, experiments were carried out on a laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation system using a Nelson D3000 sprinkler (Nelson Irrigation Co., Walla Walla, WA, USA) under low pressure, sinusoidal oscillating water flow. The sprinkler intensity and impact kinetic energy intensity distribution were investigated for sprinklers both static and in motion. The test data were used to calculate combined sprinkler intensity and impact kinetic energy intensity uniformity for different nozzle spacings, and were compared with constant water pressure test results. It was found that sinusoidal oscillating water flow can effectively increase spraying range, as well as reducing the peak value of the sprinkler intensity and impact kinetic energy intensity. Within an optimal range of amplitude and nozzle spacing, sinusoidal oscillating water flow significantly improves the combined sprinkler intensity, impact kinetic energy intensity uniformity, and the spraying quality of laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation systems under low pressure conditions. When the average water pressure is 100 kPa, the optimal range of amplitude of sinusoidal oscillating flow applied to the laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation system is 50–60 kPa. When the amplitude is 50 kPa, the optimal nozzle spacing is 3.5–4 m; when the amplitude is 60 kPa, the optimal nozzle spacing is 3.5–4.5 m. The related parameters can provide a reference for the application of sinusoidal oscillating water flow in laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation systems.

scholarly journals Sustainable Water Resources Using Corner Pivot Lateral, A Novel Sprinkler Irrigation System Layout for Small Scale Farms

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Rad ◽  
Lei Gan ◽  
Xiaobing Chen ◽  
Shaohong You ◽  
Liangliang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
System Component ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Can Technique ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
And Control

Sprinkler irrigation systems are widely used in medium and large scale farms in different forms. However less types are available to apply in small farms due to their high costs. The current study was done according to a novel cost effective design for a semi-permanent sprinkler irrigation system for small farm owners. The new layout known as Corner Pivot Lateral (CPL) was examined in irrigation test center at Lijian Scientific and Technological Demonstration Park, at Nanning city, China. CPL was implemented without a main/sub mainline pipe, by applying a single pivoting lateral at the corner of the plot that directly connected to the resource to convey water from the pump. The lateral moves around the corner using a rotating elbow in a quadrant pattern manually to cover the entire farm. A conventional semi-permanent system was applied for the same farm as reference. A cost analysis on the required components as well as annual operational costs was carried out for comparison and control. Results showed that a lower system component would be needed for the CPL method. Overall, more than a 15% capital cost reduction with 7% annual cost decrement was achieved for CPL in this experiment comparatively. The Catch can technique was applied to examine the CPL system’s efficiency and 79% water distribution uniformity around the sprinkler was obtained. This new method can encourage small estate holders to switch from traditional to pressurized systems which optimizes water application costs.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE WATER DISTRIBUTION UNIFORMITY AND IRRIGATION DEPTH ON THE YIELD OF IRRIGATED BEAN CROP

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everardo C. Mantovani ◽  
Gregório G. Faccioli ◽  
Brauliro Gonçalves Leal ◽  
Antonio Alves Soares ◽  
Luis Claudio Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Bean Crop

INFLUENCE OF THE WATER DISTRIBUTION UNIFORMITY AND IRRIGATION DEPTH ON THE YIELD OF IRRIGATED BEAN CROP  Everardo C. Mantovani1; Gregório G. Faccioli2; Brauliro Gonçalves Leal3;Antônio Alves Soares1; Luis Cláudio Costa1; Paulo Sérgio L. Freitas4 1Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG [email protected]úcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas do Nordeste, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE3Intec Consultoria e Assessoria Ltda, Viçosa, MG4Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR  1 ABSCTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the water distribution uniformity and three irrigation depths on the production variables for the bean crop, using a conventional sprinkler irrigation system, during the winter season. The treatments consisted of three irrigation depths and two uniformity levels of water distribution represented by the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC). In the treatments L1A and L1B a sufficient water depth was applied to raise the soil water content to field capacity. The distribution uniformities (CUCs) were higher and lower than 80%, respectively. In treatments L2A and L3A, and L2B and L3B, the applied water depths corresponded to 50% and 150% of that applied to the LIA treatment. Because of rainfall events until the sampling date, no significant differences at 5% probability were found among treatments, when the variables were: leaf number, leaf area and dry matter. The F test for the contrast among the treatments with high and low uniformity was significant at 5% probability, when using 50% replacement of the water depth required by the crop. Significant differences were observed at 5% probability for pod number per plant among the treatments, when using 150, 100 and 50% replacement of the water depth required by the crop KEYWORDS: irrigation uniformity, sprinkler irrigation, yield.  MANTOVANI, E. C.; FACCIOLI, G. G.; LEAL, B. G.; SOARES,A. A.; COSTA, L. C.; FREITAS, P. S. L. INFLUÊNCIA DA UNIFORMIDADE DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA E LÂMINA DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA PRODUTIVIDADE DO FEIJÃO  2 RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da uniformidade de distribuição de água e de três lâminas de irrigação nas variáveis de produção da cultura do feijão, utilizando um sistema de aspersão convencional, no período de inverno. Os tratamentos constaram de três lâminas de irrigação e dois níveis de uniformidade de distribuição de água, representados pelo coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC). Nos tratamentos L1A e L1B foi aplicada uma lâmina de água suficiente para elevar a umidade do solo à capacidade de campo, com uniformidade de distribuição (CUC) maior e menor que 80%, respectivamente. Nos tratamentos L2A e L3A, e L2B e L3B as lâminas aplicadas foram, respectivamente, 50% e 150% da lâmina aplicada no tratamento L1A. Não existiram diferenças significativas, a 5% de probabilidade, nos tratamentos para seguintes variáveis: número de folhas, área foliar e matéria seca, em razão das chuvas ocorridas até a data da amostragem. O teste F para o contraste entre os tratamentos de alta e baixa uniformidade com 50% de reposição da lâmina requerida pela cultura foi significativo a 5% de probabilidade. Observou-se diferenças significativas, a 5% de probabilidade entre os tratamentos com 150, 100 e 50% de reposição da lâmina requerida pela cultura, para o número de vagens por planta. UNITERMOS: Uniformidade de irrigação, irrigação por aspersão, produtividade.

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