scholarly journals Balance between the Reliability of Classification and Sampling Effort: A Multi-Approach for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) Ecological Status Applied to the Venice Lagoon (Italy)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1572
Author(s):  
Cacciatore ◽  
Bonometto ◽  
Paganini ◽  
Sfriso ◽  
Novello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Spatial Analyses

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires Member States to assess the ecological status of water bodies and provide an estimation of the classification confidence and precision. This study tackles the issue of the uncertainty in the classification, due to the spatial variability within each water body, proposing an analysis of the reliability of classification, using the results of macrophyte WFD monitoring in the Venice Lagoon as case study. The level of classification confidence, assessed for each water body, was also used as reference to optimize the sampling effort for the subsequent monitorings. The ecological status of macrophytes was calculated by the Macrophyte Quality Index at 114 stations located in 11 water bodies. At water body scale, the level of classification confidence ranges from 54% to 100%. After application of the multi-approach (inferential statistics, spatial analyses, and expert judgment), the optimization of the sampling effort resulted in a reduction of the number of stations from 114 to 84. The decrease of sampling effort was validated by assessing the reliability of classification after the optimization process (54–99%) and by spatial interpolation of data (Kernel standard error of 22.75%). The multi-approach proposed in this study could be easily applied to any other water body and biological quality element.

scholarly journals Influence of Anthropogenic Loads on Surface Water Status: A Case Study in Lithuania

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4341
Author(s):  
Laima Česonienė ◽  
Daiva Šileikienė ◽  
Vitas Marozas ◽  
Laura Čiteikė
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Agricultural Pollution ◽  
Good Ecological Status ◽  
Water Catchment ◽  
Lake Basins

Twenty-six water bodies and 10 ponds were selected for this research. Anthropogenic loads were assessed according to pollution sources in individual water catchment basins. It was determined that 50% of the tested water bodies had Ntotal values that did not correspond to the good and very good ecological status classes, and 20% of the tested water bodies had Ptotal values that did not correspond to the good and very good ecological status classes. The lake basins and ponds received the largest amounts of pollution from agricultural sources with total nitrogen at 1554.13 t/year and phosphorus at 1.94 t/year, and from meadows and pastures with total nitrogen at 9.50 t/year and phosphorus at 0.20 t/year. The highest annual load of total nitrogen for lake basins on average per year was from agricultural pollution from arable land (98.85%), and the highest total phosphorus load was also from agricultural pollution from arable land (60%).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the level of human impact on the river sediments in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01051
Author(s):  
Valentina Kurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Body ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Channel Processes ◽  
The Impact

The growing race of urbanization and population growth lead to anthropogenic load on the water is increasing all the time. High population density and considerable industrial potential of the urbanized territory are becoming dominant sources of pollution of water bodies. This trend identifies progressive pollution of water bodies and the growing need for sanitary-ecological status of water control facilities. Natural chemical composition and properties of water in surface water bodies are formed depending on the hydrological, soil, climate and other features. Flowinduced suspensions in urban watercourses is one of the main ways of contamination distribution in urbanized areas. For monitoring and reducing the negative impacts on the water quality of watercourses requires estimation of anthropogenic pressures and studying its spatio-temporal variability. Analysis of anthropogenic stress on water objects allows you to set the relationship between the number of coming in the water body of pollutants and concentrations of chemicals in the water. The main aim is to determine the amounts of contaminants accumulated in the river riverbed during the period of the economic utilization of the watercourse and to assess the impact of urbanization on its ecological status. The article deals with the influence of anthropogenous load on river hydraulics and properties of channel sediments that determine the course of channel processes and overall ecological condition of water objects. The interrelation between water body condition, water quality and sediment pollution is presented. Method of estimation of anthropogenous load pollutants in river of urban area sis proposed. Comparative analysis of the load for the rivers of Russia with various water run-off is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Water Quality Elements of Water Bodies and the Hydrometric Parameters: Case Study in Lithuania

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Laima Česonienė ◽  
Daiva Šileikienė ◽  
Midona Dapkienė
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Fish Index

The larger and deeper lakes and ponds are, the better the conditions for spontaneous water purification, slower hydrobiological processes and slower accumulation of sediment. The goal of this research was to assess the ecological status of selected Lithuanian lentic water bodies and the impact of morphometric indicators on water quality. Multiple studies were conducted on 29 lakes and 10 ponds located throughout Lithuania in 2014–2018. The study proved that higher maxima and average depths of lakes correlate with lower Ptotal, Ntotal yield and macrophyte taxonomic composition values, indicating higher ecological status class. Higher chlorophyll a EQR, ichthyofauna taxonomic composition indicator for Lithuanian fish index LFI and Lithuanian lakes’ macroinvertebrate index indicates a higher ecological class. Larger lake areas contain smaller amounts of Ptotal and Ntotal, indicating better ecological status class; higher ichthyophane taxonomic composition in LFI, zoobenthos taxonomic composition indicator for Lithuanian lakes’ macroinvertebrates index (LLMI) and taxonomic composition of macrophytes MRI indicate better ecological status class. Larger lake areas contain lower chlorophyll a EQR values. Rapid water exchange improves the condition of the lake in addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll a EQR values. The faster the water exchange in the lake is, the lower the Ptotal and Ntotal values; faster water exchange in the lake also means higher chlorophyll a EQR values. However, slower water exchange indicates better ecological status of the macrophytic taxonomic composition of the MRI, the ichthyofauna taxonomic composition and the Lithuanian lakes’ macroinvertebrates index indicator of zoobenthos.

scholarly journals Benthic Diatoms in River Biomonitoring—Present and Future Perspectives within the Water Framework Directive

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Andreas Masouras ◽  
Ioannis Karaouzas ◽  
Elias Dimitriou ◽  
George Tsirtsis ◽  
Evangelia Smeti
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Benthic Diatoms ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Quality Assessments

The European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) has been implemented over the past 20 years, using physicochemical, biological and hydromorphological elements to assess the ecological status of surface waters. Benthic diatoms (i.e., phytobenthos) are one of the most common biological quality elements (BQEs) used in surface water monitoring and are particularly successful in detecting eutrophication, organic pollution and acidification. Herein, we reviewed their implementation in river biomonitoring for the purposes of the WFD, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages over other BQEs, and we discuss recent advances that could be applied in future biomonitoring. Until now, phytobenthos have been intercalibrated by the vast majority (26 out of 28) of EU Member States (MS) in 54% of the total water bodies assessed and was the most commonly used BQE after benthic invertebrates (85% of water bodies), followed by fish (53%), macrophytes (27%) and phytoplankton (4%). To meet the WFD demands, numerous taxonomy-based quality indices have been developed among MS, presenting, however, uncertainties possibly related to species biogeography. Recent development of different types of quality indices (trait-based, DNA sequencing and predictive modeling) could provide more accurate results in biomonitoring, but should be validated and intercalibrated among MS before their wide application in water quality assessments.

scholarly journals Assessment of the ecological status of Sicilian coastal waters according to a macroalgae based index (CARLIT)

2020 ◽  
pp. 519-528
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Bellissimo ◽  
Benedetto Sirchia ◽  
Vincenzo Ruvolo
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
European Water Framework Directive ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Ecological Quality ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
High Good ◽  
First Time

In the frame of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC), a macroalgae based index (CARLIT) was applied along the Sicilian coastal water bodies (WBs) in order to assess for the first time their ecological status and collect accurate information on the distribution and abundance of shallow-water communities, especially of those most sensitive. The ecological quality ratio values, sensu WFD, showed “high”/“good” levels in all WBs with lushy forests of Cystoseira amentacea except two with “moderate” level due to the presence of stress-tolerant species related to local factors.

scholarly journals Retrieval of Chlorophyll a from Sentinel-2 MSI Data for the European Union Water Framework Directive Reporting Purposes

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ave Ansper ◽  
Krista Alikas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Atmospheric Correction ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sentinel 2

The European Parliament and The Council of the European Union have established the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) for all European Union member states to achieve, at least, “good” ecological status of all water bodies larger than 50 hectares in Europe. The MultiSpectral Instrument onboard European Space Agency satellite Sentinel-2 has suitable 10, 20, 60 m spatial resolution to monitor most of the Estonian lakes as required by the Water Framework Directive. The study aims to analyze the suitability of Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument data to monitor water quality in inland waters. This consists of testing various atmospheric correction processors to remove the influence of atmosphere and comparing and developing chlorophyll a algorithms to estimate the ecological status of water in Estonian lakes. This study shows that the Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument is suitable for estimating chlorophyll a in water bodies and tracking the spatial and temporal dynamics in the lakes. However, atmospheric corrections are sensitive to surrounding land and often fail in narrow and small lakes. Due to that, deriving satellite-based chlorophyll a is not possible in every case, but initial results show the Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument could still provide complementary information to in situ data to support Water Framework Directive monitoring requirements.

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