scholarly journals Evaluation of Root Water Uptake and Urea Fertigation Distribution under Subsurface Drip Irrigation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Galal Eltarabily ◽  
Khaled M. Bali ◽  
Abdelazim M. Negm ◽  
Chihiro Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation Event ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Emitter Discharge

Shallow groundwater contamination by nitrate is frequent in agricultural lands in Egypt because of the use of urea fertilizers. The urea transformation process in the vadose zone was simulated using a HYDRUS-2D model, Software package for simulations of 2D movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably saturated media, for subsurface drip irrigation. The root water and nutrient uptake were assessed for three soil types (sandy loam, loam, and silty loam) with three emitter discharge levels (1.0 L h−1, 1.50 L h−1, and 2.0 L h−1), for a comparison of three fertigation strategies (A) at the beginning, (B) at the end, and (C) at the middle of the irrigation cycle. The extension of the wetted area mainly depends on soil hydraulic conductivity. The high emitter discharge with a short irrigation time is suitable for shallow-rooted crops. The cumulative flux was highest for silty loam soil and the lowest was for the sandy loam soil (1891, and 1824 cm3) for the 2 L h−1 emitter discharge within the 35 days simulation. The cumulative drainage significantly differs among soil types with little effect of emitter discharge. It recorded 1213, 295, 11.9 cm3 for sandy loam, loam, silty loam, respectively. Urea transformation is controlled by hydrolysis and nitrification as well as the adsorption coefficient of ammonium. Nitrate distribution is mainly governed by soil type rather than the emitter discharge where the sandy loam soil is more highly susceptible to nitrate leaching than to silty loam. Nitrate concentration has recorded the minimum possible level when applying the urea fertilizer at the beginning of the irrigation event for sandy loam and loam soil while for the silty loam soil, urea application at the middle of the irrigation event is more effective. Urea application at the end of the irrigation event gives the highest accumulated leached nitrate concentration below the root zone and should be avoided (the worst strategy).

scholarly journals Predicting Wetting Patterns in Soil from a Single Subsurface Drip Irrigation System

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Heba Najem Abid ◽  
Maysoon Basheer Abid
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Model Efficiency ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Soil Wetting ◽  
Subsurface Drip

Soil wetted pattern from a subsurface drip plays great importance in the design of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system for delivering the required water directly to the roots of the plant. An equation to estimate the dimensions of the wetted area in soil are taking into account water uptake by roots is simulated numerically using HYDRUS (2D/3D) software. In this paper, three soil textures namely loamy sand, sandy loam, and loam soil were used with three different types of crops tomato, pepper, and cucumber, respectively, and different values of drip discharge, drip depth, and initial soil moisture content were proposed. The soil wetting patterns were obtained at every thirty minutes for a total time of irrigation equal to three hours. Equations for wetted width and depth were predicted and evaluated by utilizing the statistical parameters (model efficiency (EF), and root mean square error (RMSE)). The model efficiency was more than 95%, and RMSE did not exceed 0.64 cm for three soils. This shows that evolved formula can be utilized to describe the soil wetting pattern from SDI system with good accuracy.      

scholarly journals Water and nutrient productivity in melon crop by fertigation under subsurface drip irrigation and mulching in contrasting soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Otávio Câmara Monteiro ◽  
Rubens Duarte Coelho ◽  
Priscylla Ferraz Câmara Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Nutrient Productivity ◽  
Subsurface Drip

Cropping intensification and technical, economic and environmental issues require efficient application of production factors to maintain the soil productive capacity and produce good quality fruits and vegetables. The production factors, water and NPK nutrients, are the most frequent limiting factors to higher melon yields. The objective of the present study was to identify the influence of subsurface drip irrigation and mulching in a protected environment on the water and NPK nutrients productivity in melon cropped in two soil types: sandy loam and clay. The melon crop cultivated under environmental conditions with underground drip irrigation at 0.20m depth, with mulching on sandy loam soil increased water and N, P2O5 and K use efficiency.

scholarly journals Modeling of Fertilizer Transport for Various Fertigation Scenarios under Drip Irrigation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romysaa Elasbah ◽  
Tarek Selim ◽  
Ahmed Mirdan ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
The Impact

Frequent application of nitrogen fertilizers through irrigation is likely to increase the concentration of nitrate in groundwater. In this study, the HYDRUS-2D/3D model was used to simulate fertilizer movement through the soil under surface (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) with 10 and 20 cm emitter depths for tomato growing in three different typical and representative Egyptian soil types, namely sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam. Ammonium, nitrate, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were considered during simulation. Laboratory experiments were conducted to estimate the soils’ adsorption behavior. The impact of soil hydraulic properties and fertigation strategies on fertilizer distribution and use efficiency were investigated. Results showed that for DI, the percentage of nitrogen accumulated below the zone of maximum root density was 33%, 28%, and 24% for sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam soil, respectively. For SDI with 10 and 20 cm emitter depths, it was 34%, 29%, and 26%, and 44%, 37%, and 35%, respectively. Results showed that shallow emitter depth produced maximum nitrogen use efficiency varying from 27 to 37%, regardless of fertigation strategy. Therefore, subsurface drip irrigation with a shallow emitter depth is recommended for medium-textured soils. Moreover, the study showed that to reduce potential fertilizer leaching, fertilizers should be added at the beginning of irrigation events for SDI and at the end of irrigation events for DI. As nitrate uptake rate and leaching are affected by soil’s adsorption, it is important to determine the adsorption coefficient for nitrate before planting, as it will help to precisely assign application rates. This will lead to improve nutrient uptake and minimize potential leaching.

Application of the steady-state principle of constant-head well permeameter to indirect subsurface drip irrigation

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Weixia ◽  
C Huanjie ◽  
Z Zhenhua ◽  
S Zhijie
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Emitter Discharge

Indirect subsurface drip irrigation (ISDI) is a method of increasing the irrigation water use efficiency of drip irrigation without the need to bury irrigation tubes and wet the soil surface. A major problem of ISDI is the mismatch between emitter discharge rate and water-conducting device dimension, which will result in over-filling of application water. In this paper, we propose to use the steady-state principle of constant-head well permeameter (CHWP) to quantify the relationship between emitter discharge rate and water-conducting device dimension for ISDI. CHWP tests and ISDI tests were carried out in a 300 m2 winter wheat fallow to verify its feasibility. The steady-state characteristic of these two methods was also studied using long-term infiltration. Results indicate that the equilibration time (110 min) in the ISDI tests was greater than that in the CHWP tests (30 min). The steady ponded depth in ISDI had a smaller variation than the steady water discharge rate in the CHWP. When using the steady-state principle of CHWP to design ISDI systems, there was significant linear correlation between predicted and measured ponded depth values (R2 = 0.8379). The soil field-saturated hydraulic conductivity calculated by these two tests was approximately equal. These results demonstrate that the steady-state principle of CHWP could be used to select appropriate irrigation systems for ISDI, and ISDI provides another technique to obtain the field-saturated hydraulic conductivity. Key words: Constant-head well permeameter, field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, indirect subsurface drip irrigation, steady-state

scholarly journals Evolution of the spherical cavity radius generated around a subsurface drip emitter

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1935-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gil ◽  
L. Rodríguez-Sinobas ◽  
R. Sánchez ◽  
L. Juana
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Spherical Cavity ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Cavity Radius ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Emitter Discharge

Abstract. The emitter discharge in subsurface drip irrigation can be affected by soil properties. A positive pressure develops at the emitter outlet where a spherical cavity is assumed to form. In steady-state conditions, the pressure in the soil relates to soil hydraulic properties, the emitter discharge, and the cavity radius. This pressure in the soil is very sensitive to the cavity radius. In this paper, the development of the cavity around the emitter outlet was measured for various emitter discharges in laboratory tests carried out in containers with uniform loamy soils. A trend between soil pressure and emitter discharge was established that illustrates the performance of buried emitters in the field. Its application to the prediction of water distribution in subsurface drip irrigation units and its effect on the estimation of irrigation performance is also shown.

scholarly journals Evolution of the spherical cavity radius generated around a subsurface drip emitter

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1983-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gil ◽  
L. Rodríguez-Sinobas ◽  
R. Sánchez ◽  
L. Juana
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Spherical Cavity ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Cavity Radius ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Emitter Discharge

Abstract. The emitter discharge in subsurface drip irrigation can be affected by soil properties. A positive pressure develops at the emitter outlet where a spherical cavity is assumed to form. In steady-state conditions, the pressure in the soil relates to soil hydraulic properties, the emitter discharge, and the cavity radius. This pressure in the soil is very sensitive to the cavity radius. In this paper, the development of the cavity around the emitter outlet was measured for various emitter discharges in laboratory tests carried out in containers with uniform loamy soils. A trend between soil pressure and emitter discharge was established that illustrates the performance of buried emitters in the field. Its application to the prediction of water distribution in subsurface drip irrigation units and its effect on the estimation of irrigation performance are also shown.

scholarly journals Emitter discharge variability of subsurface drip irrigation in uniform soils: effect on water-application uniformity

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gil ◽  
L. Rodríguez-Sinobas ◽  
L. Juana ◽  
R. Sánchez ◽  
A. Losada
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Emitter Discharge

Simulating Soil Water Content under Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation with Municipal Wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
VINOD KUMAR TRIPATHI
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Irrigation Technologies

The demand of wastewater for irrigation is gradually increasing due to escalatingcompetition for freshwater by urban, industrial, and agricultural users. To sustain or increase agricultural production, there is a need to adopt highly efficient irrigation technologies such as surface or subsurface drip irrigation systems. Studies related to water distribution under any irrigation system and water quality are important for efficient water and nutrients application. In present study, the water dynamics under surface and subsurface drip irrigation was evaluated by taking cauliflower as a test crop on sandy loam soil. The calibrated model predicted all the parameters close to observed values with RMSE values ranging from 0.05to 0.92. HYDRUS -2D model has ability to predict water distribution with reasonably good accuracy in present crop and soil condition.

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