scholarly journals Lower Danube Water Quality Quantified through WQI and Multivariate Analysis

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Iticescu ◽  
Lucian P. Georgescu ◽  
Gabriel Murariu ◽  
Catalina Topa ◽  
Mihaela Timofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Index Method

The aim of the present paper is to quantify water quality in the Lower Danube Region by using a series of multivariate techniques and the Water Quality Index (WQI). In this paper were measured 18 parameters upstream and downstream the city of Galati along the Danube River, namely: pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), N-NH4+, N-NO2−, N-NO3−, N total, P-PO43−, SO42−, Cl−, Fe-total, Cr-total, Pb2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, As2+, in the interval winter 2013–winter 2016. The samples were either analyzed on the field, or sent for testing to the laboratory. The physicochemical parameters mentioned above were analyzed in accordance with the Romanian and International standards in force. The WQI was calculated according to Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index Method. The interdependencies between the selected physicochemical parameters were used for determining potential sources of pollution. Monitoring water quality dynamics in the period mentioned above favoured a series of relevant conclusions about the anthropic influence on water quality. Water quality was assessed by processing the measurements results, by calculating the water quality index (WQI), and by using the principal component analyses (PCA) and the response surface method (RSM) with the aim of correlating the indices for the physico-chemical parameters.

scholarly journals Assessment of Surface Water Quality of Danube River in Terms of Usual Parameters and Correlation Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-406
Author(s):  
Romana Drasovean ◽  
Gabriel Murariu ◽  
Gigi Constantinescu ◽  
Adrian Circiumaru
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Index Method

In order to determine the water quality of Danube River, in the Galati area, the Water Quality Index was calculated. Water Quality Index is a useful number of overall qualities of water. Galati is a Danube port city located in south-eastern of Romania. Samples were taken from 9 places along the Danube starting with the place where the Siret flows into the Danube to the Profiland Steel Plant. Profiland Steel is a company in Galai whose main activities are: sheet and zinc strips; treatment and coating of metals. The monitoring period was one year, from November 2016 to December 2017. Every month, thirty physical - chemical parameters were investigated. In this study the assessment of surface water quality was determined on the basis of various indicators such as: potassium and calcium ions, nitrites, nitrates, total nitrogen, ammonium, chlorides, total phosphorus, sulphates, cadmium, chrome, copper, lead, iron, zinc, density, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (CCO-Cr), biochemical oxygen demand (CBO5), electrical conductivity, the density of the conductivity, resistivity, pH, salinity, total dissolved solids. The water quality index (WQI) has been calculated by using Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index Method. Two types of correlations were developed: Pearson correlation matrix and Spearman correlation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Anwai river water quality using the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) in Delta State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 913-922
Author(s):  
Kate Isioma Iloba ◽  
Nelson Owese Akawo ◽  
Perry Irouoghene Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic

The weighted arithmetic water quality index method was used to assess the water quality of anthropogenically-laden Anwai-river within the Asaba-capital territory of Delta State, Nigeria, in Stations 1(Otulu), 2(Isele- asagba) and 3(Anwai-Asaba) using pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, phosphates, nitrates, total hardness (TH) and coliforms, to determine its water quality status and its suitability for humans and aquatic biota. Aside from TDS, turbidity, and TH, other parameters such as pH (5.3-8.2), DO (2.0-2.8 mg/L), BOD (1.02-2.4 mg/L), EC (110-113 µS/cm), turbidity(2.3-5.2 NTU), TDS (8.0-16.0 mg/L), TH (30-62 mg/L), phosphates (0.13-0.28 mg/L), nitrates (0.05-0.27 mg/L) and Coliform (25.75-45.5 cfu/ml) indicated non-significant variableness (p>0.05) between Stations. Water depth, TDS, turbidity, TH, phosphate, nitrate and total coliform were significant contributors to the Anwai-river's water quality by Principal component analysis (PCA). The first principal component (PC1) exhibited 94.1% variance and a 0.1860 loading factor, while the second showed 5.9% variance and 0.0117 loading factor implying depth, flooding, excessive human activities and sewage disposal as important contaminants. Although the individual physiochemical-based water qualities were below the WHO recommended drinking water values translated into poor water quality by the weighted arithmetic water quality index at the three Stations; 86.83, 75.02 and 81.27 in Station's 1, 2 and 3 respectively, correspondingly poor to very poor based on Water quality index. The water of Anwai-river is a serious health threat to humans and aquatic organisms and thus, it should not be utilized untreated.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Conventional Groundwater Quality Results with WQI Technique: A Case Study of Surjani Town, Karachi, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p10
Author(s):  
Adnan Khan ◽  
Aasma Khan ◽  
Bisma Naz ◽  
Rukhsar Rukhsar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Present study is aimed to calculate the water quality index (WQI) of Surjani Town by using weighted arithmetic index method to assess its suitability for drinking purpose. For calculating WQI, 12 parameters (pH, TDS, EC, Hardness, Na, Ca, K, Mg, HCO3, SO4, NO3 and Cl) have been taken into account. Except pH, all physicochemical parameters are exhibiting the maximum prominence in WQI quality rating scale (Qn) which suggests that groundwater is highly polluted. The computed value of water quality index (WQI= 331.62) is also found to be high which is comparable with enormously high concentrations of physicochemical parameters that are violating the WHO admissible limit for drinking purpose. Results revealed that the groundwater is under the influence of anthropogenic activity from nearby Jam Chakro solid waste dumping site. It is concluded that groundwater is highly deteriorated which is immensely inappropriate for drinking purpose according to WQI rating score.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Maikunkele Stream for Irrigation Purpose Using Water Quality Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Musa ◽  
Ebierni Otuaro ◽  
Pius Dada ◽  
Bello G. Aliyu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
The Mean

The study is aimed at using water quality index (WQI) as a standard for determining the suitability of the surface water for irrigation purpose within the Maikunkele Fadama area in Niger State, Nigeria by monitoring five sampling points for five months. The samples were analyzed for includes nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), besides other general parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity). The WQI for the parameters under investigation were determined and values compared international standards. The mean temperature value ranged between 29.5 and 30.4 oC, while pH values of 7.18 maximum and 5.95 minimum were observed for the study location. The electrical conductivity ranged between 174 and 274 µScm-1. The mean concentration of calcium ion ranged between 3.68 and 4.44 mgL-1. The concentration of Fe was 0.13 mgL-1 and 1.48 mgL-1. The minimum and maximum values of Zn are 0.01 mgL-1 and 0.17 mgL-1 respectively. The Maikunkele Fadama stream had WQI value ranging from 43.469 to 47.120 which fall under good water category, these also conforms to the results obtained from the analysis carried out. It is therefore concluded that the stream water feeding the Maikunkele Fadama farm is fit to be used as irrigation water for the study area as Fadama stream had WQI value ranging from 43.469 to 47.120 thus falling under good water category as far as water quality for irrigation purpose is concerned. Hence, the stream water feeding the Maikunkele fadama farm is fit to be used as irrigation water.Keywords-  Agrochemicals, contamination, fadama farming, Irrigation water, water quality index

scholarly journals Enterococci as a key parameter for water quality index: Purires River, Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1017
Author(s):  
Luz Chacón ◽  
Víctor Arias ◽  
Kenia Barrantes ◽  
Wilson Beita-Sandí ◽  
Liliana Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Sampling Points

Abstract This study used the Canadian Water Quality Index (CWI) to characterize water sampled at three points within the Purires River micro basin, Costa Rica. The first sampling point is located in a high zone with domestic agricultural activities, the second point around the mid-point of the flow of the river, and the third point at the lowest zone with extensive agricultural activities mainly centered on the production of fresh vegetables. Eleven physicochemical parameters (As, Cd, Cr, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+, NO3−, Pb, pH, percent saturation of dissolved oxygen (PSO), and total suspended solids (TSS)) and two microbiological parameters (fecal coliforms and enterococci) were evaluated. We evaluated three different Canadian Water Quality Indexes (CWIs): CWI-1 included only physicochemical parameters, CWI-2 included CWI-1 parameters plus fecal coliforms, and CWI-3 included CWI-2 in addition to enterococci. Statistical analysis of individual parameters showed significant differences between sampling sites. CWI-1 was unable to discriminate between the three sampling points, and characterized the water quality as ‘fair’. CWI-2 was only able to discriminate when the water contained high levels of chemical and microbiological contaminants, while CWI-3 adequately discriminated water quality at each of the sampling points. The evaluation of enterococci together with more traditional water quality parameters enabled better categorization of surface water quality.

scholarly journals Water Quality Index (WQI) of Shitalakshya River Near Haripur Power Station, Narayanganj, Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Rumman Mowla Chowdhury ◽  
Adib Ashhab Ankon ◽  
Md Kamruzzaman Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Canadian Council ◽  
Council Of Ministers

The present investigation is aimed at understanding the water quality parameters and the findings of a water quality index (WQI) to assess the characteristics of the Shitalakshya River near Haripur power station, Narayanganj for five different years (2013-2018) considering monsoon, pre-monsoon, post-monsoon seasonal variations. In this study, three different methods were used to evaluate the WQI named as; Weighted Arithmetic Index Method, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) WQI Method and National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Method. Essential parameters i.e. dissolved oxygen, pH, chloride, turbidity, color, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, Silica, Iron, electrical conductivity, Phosphate were considered for calculating the WQI. According to Weighted Arithmetic Index Method, the WQI value varied from 80 to 286 for the last five years. From the National Sanitation Foundation Method, the WQI value was found within 36 to 56 for the study duration. The WQI value was varied from 3 to 16 according to the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index Method. Based on WQI values, the Shitalakhya river water was being classified as poor water for the above-mentioned different years. Among the different parameters, mostly turbidity, electrical conductivity, TSS, Iron were the parameters that caused the situation worst. Journal of Engineering Science 12(3), 2021, 45-55

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Quality Index Using Physicochemical Characteristics of Ogbor River in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
C.G. Okey-Wokeh ◽  
C.C. Obunwo ◽  
O.K. Wokeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mean Values

The study was carried out to evaluate water quality index (WQI) of Ogbor River, a freshwater system flowing through the commercial city of Aba, Southern Nigeria using selected physicochemical parameters. The levels of the physicochemical parameters were determined using standard analytical procedures in the Laboratory. The values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Excel spreadsheet (Version 16).Water Quality index was calculated using mean values of the selected nine parameters and the World Health Organisation standard for drinking water. The result of physicochemical parameters used showed that Dissolved Oxygen (DO) with mean 4.44 ± 0.70 mg/L, and Nitrate (NO3- ) with mean 7.58 ± 6.25 mg/L were below National and International standards. The value of WQI calculated was 83.05. The result revealed that Ogbor River water quality was very poor, so it is unfit for human consumption, and should be treated to avoid water related diseases. Keywords: Characteristics, Evaluation, Ogbor River, Physicochemical, Water Quality Index

Water-Quality Assessment of Lv-Tang River in Zhanjiang, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Yun Liu ◽  
Zhi Hong Li ◽  
Xiao Jian Liang ◽  
Yan Peng Lin ◽  
Rong Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Single Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
National Quality

Based on the water quality investigation data of December in 2010, the water environment quality of Lv-tang River in Zhanjiang national urban wetland park was assessed using single water quality parameter model and integrated water quality index model. The results show that the water quality of Lv-tang River is worse than the national quality standards for Grade V. The water is polluted seriously. The main pollutants are total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand CODCr with their average concentrations of 60.49 mg/L, 30.57 mg/L and 227.38mg/L, respectively. The averages of their single parameter pollution index are 30.25 , 19.79 and 8.74. The average of single parameter pollution index of the river is 8.23 which indicated that the river belongs to heavy pollution zone. The integrated water quality index was 22.5 showing that the river belongs to serious pollution zone.

scholarly journals Application of artificial neural network (ANN) for water quality index (WQI) prediction for the river Warta, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 2130 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
M Kulisz ◽  
J Kujawska
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Network Modelling ◽  
Neural Network Modelling

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the potential of using neural network modelling for the prediction of the surface water quality index (WQI). An artificial neural network modelling has been performed using the physicochemical parameters (TDS, chloride, TH, nitrate, and manganese) as an input layer to the model, and the WQI as an output layer. The physicochemical parameters have been taken from five measuring stations of the river Warta in the years 2014-2018 via the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (GIOŚ). The best results of modelling were obtained for networks with 5 neurons in the hidden layer. A high correlation coefficient (general and within subsets) 0.9792, low level of MSE in each subset (training, test, validation), as well as RMSE at a level of 0.624507639 serve as a confirmation. Additionally, the maximum percentage of an error for WQI value did not exceed 4%, which confirms a high level of conformity of real data in comparison to those obtained during prediction. The aforementioned results clearly present that the ANN models are effective for the prediction of the value of the Surface water quality index and may be regarded as adequate for application in simulation by units monitoring condition of the environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document