scholarly journals An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Layout of Flow Meters and Valves in Water Network Partitioning

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shao ◽  
Huaqi Yao ◽  
Tuqiao Zhang ◽  
Shipeng Chu ◽  
Xiaowei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Improved Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Water Network Partitioning

The paradigm of “divide and conquer” has been well used in Water Distribution Systems (WDSs) zoning planning in recent years. Indeed, Water Network Partitioning (WNP) has played an irreplaceable role in leakage control and pressure management; meanwhile it also has certain drawbacks, such as reduction of the supply reliability of the pipe network system and increased terminal dead water, as a result of the closure of the pipe section. In this paper, an improvement is made to the method proposed by Di Nardo et al. (2013) for optimal location of flow meters and valves. Three improvements to the genetic algorithm are proposed in this work for better and faster optimization in the dividing phase of WNP: preliminary hydraulic analysis which reduces the number of decision variables; modifications to the crossover mechanism to protect the superior individuals in the later stage; and boundary pipe grouping and mutation based on the pipe importance. The objective function considers the master–subordinate relationship when minimizing the number of flow meters and the difference of hydraulic state compared to original WDS. Another objective function of minimizing the deterioration of water quality compared to original WDS is also evaluated. The proposed method is applied for the WNP in a real WDS. Results show that it plays an effective role in the optimization of layout of the flow meters and valves in WNP.

scholarly journals Graph Neural Network for Integrated Water Network Partitioning and Dynamic District Metered Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEZHEN RONG ◽  
Minglei Fu ◽  
JIAWEI CHEN ◽  
LEJIN ZHENG ◽  
JIANFENG ZHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Search Range ◽  
Water Network Partitioning

Abstract Water distribution systems (WDSs) are used to transmit and distribute water resources in cities. Water distribution networks (WDNs) are partitioned into district metered areas (DMAs) by water network partitioning (WNP), which can be used for leak control, pollution monitoring, and pressure optimization in WDS management. In order to overcome the limitations of optimal search range and the decrease of recovery ability caused by two-step WNP and fixed DMAs in previous studies, this study developed a new method combining a graph neural network to realize integrated WNP and dynamic DMAs to optimize WDS management and respond to emergencies. The proposed method was tested in a practical case study; the results showed that good hydraulic performance of the WDN was maintained and that dynamic DMAs demonstrated excellent stability in emergency situations, which proves the effectiveness of the method in WNP.

scholarly journals Water Network Partitioning into District Metered Areas: A State-Of-The-Art Review

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Khoa Bui ◽  
Malvin S. Marlim ◽  
Doosun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Water Network Partitioning

A water distribution network (WDN) is an indispensable element of civil infrastructure that provides fresh water for domestic use, industrial development, and fire-fighting. However, in a large and complex network, operation and management (O&M) can be challenging. As a technical initiative to improve O&M efficiency, the paradigm of “divide and conquer” can divide an original WDN into multiple subnetworks. Each subnetwork is controlled by boundary pipes installed with gate valves or flow meters that control the water volume entering and leaving what are known as district metered areas (DMAs). Many approaches to creating DMAs are formulated as two-phase procedures, clustering and sectorizing, and are called water network partitioning (WNP) in general. To assess the benefits and drawbacks of DMAs in a WDN, we provide a comprehensive review of various state-of-the-art approaches, which can be broadly classified as: (1) Clustering algorithms, which focus on defining the optimal configuration of DMAs; and (2) sectorization procedures, which physically decompose the network by selecting pipes for installing flow meters or gate valves. We also provide an overview of emerging problems that need to be studied.

scholarly journals Pressure Management of Water Distribution Networks Based on Minimum Ground Elevation Difference of DMAs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso ◽  
Armando Di Nardo ◽  
Michele Di Natale ◽  
Velitchko Tzatchkov
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Elevation Difference

Water network partitioning (WNP) represents an efficient strategy to improve management of water distribution networks, reduce water losses and monitor water quality. It consists in physically dividing of a water distribution network (WDN) into districted metered areas (DMAs) through the placement of flow meters and isolation valves on boundary pipes between DMAs. In this paper, a novel methodology for designing DMAs is proposed that provides districts with quite similar node elevations and minimizes the number of boundary pipes in order to simplify pressure management and reduce the number of devices to place into the network.

scholarly journals Optimal Sensor Placement in a Partitioned Water Distribution Network for the Water Protection from Contamination

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Ciaponi ◽  
Enrico Creaco ◽  
Armando Di Nardo ◽  
Michele Di Natale ◽  
Carlo Giudicianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Optimal Sensor Placement ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Network Partitioning

Water network protection from accidental and intentional contamination is one of the most critical issues for preserving the citizen health. Recently, some techniques have been proposed in the literature to define the optimal sensor placement. On the other hand, through the definition of permanent DMAs (District Meter Areas), water network partitioning allows significant reduction in the number of exposed users through the full isolation of DMA. In this paper, the optimal sensor placement is coupled with water network partitioning in order to define the best location of isolation valves and control stations, to be closed and installed respectively. The proposed procedure is based on different procedures, and it was tested on a real water network, showing that it is possible both to mitigate the impact of a water contamination and simplify the sensor placement through the water network partitioning.

scholarly journals Optimized Placement of Connecting the Distributed Generationswork Stand Alone to Improve the Distribution Systems Reliability

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Hamed Hashemi-Dezaki ◽  
Ali Agheli ◽  
Behrooz Vahidi ◽  
Hossein Askarian-Abyaneh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Distributed Generations ◽  
Joint Point ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Optimum Solution ◽  
The Cost

The use of distributed generations (DGs) in distribution systems has been common in recent years. Some DGs work stand alone and it is possible to improve the system reliability by connecting these DGs to system. The joint point of DGs is an important parameter in the system designing. In this paper, a novel methodology is proposed to find the optimum solution in order to make a proper decision about DGs connection. In the proposed method, a novel objective function is introduced which includes the cost of connector lines between DGs and network and the cost of energy not supplied (CENS) savings. Furthermore, an analytical approach is used to calculate the CENS decrement. To solve the introduced nonlinear optimization programming, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used. The proposed method is applied to a realistic 183-bus system of Tehran Regional Electrical Company (TREC). The results illustrate the effectiveness of the method to improve the system reliability by connecting the DGs work stand alone in proper placements.

Evolutionary Computation for Single and Multiobjective Water Distribution Systems Optimal Design

2010 ◽  
pp. 332-345
Author(s):  
Avi Ostfeld
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Fixed Set ◽  
Gradient Type ◽  
Future Research Directions

Water distribution systems least cost pipe sizing/design is probably the most explored problem in water distribution systems optimization. Attracted numerous studies over the last four decades, two main approaches were employed: decomposition in which an “inner” linear programming problem is solved for a fixed set of flows/heads, while the flows/heads are altered at an “outer” problem using a gradient or a sub-gradient type technique; and the utilization of an evolutionary optimization algorithm (e.g., a genetic algorithm). In reality, however, from a broader perspective the design problem is inherently of a multiobjective nature incorporating competing objectives such as minimizing cost versus maximizing reliability. This chapter reviews some of the literature on single and multiobjective optimal design of water distribution systems and suggests a few future research directions in this area.

Performance indices for water network partitioning and sectorization

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Nardo ◽  
M. Di Natale ◽  
G. F. Santonastaso ◽  
V. G. Tzatchkov ◽  
V. H. Alcocer-Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Network Resilience ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Water Network Partitioning

Water network partitioning in district metering areas, or sectorization, is an important process for improving water network management. It can help water utilities to implement active leakage control, conduct pressure management, and prevent network contamination. It is generally achieved by closing some network pipes, thus reducing pipe redundancy and affecting system performance. No systematic set of performance indices has been defined to evaluate a sectorization design and thus allow for a comparison of different possible sectorizations on a formal basis. In this paper, several performance indices for water network partitioning are proposed and tested using two real water supply systems: Parete in Italy and Matamoros in Mexico. Both systems' sectorizations were previously designed by a novel effective automatic technique recently developed by the authors. For both the original and sectorized networks, the proposed performance indices considered energy dissipated in the network, network resilience, pressure variation, fire-fighting capacity, water age, and mechanical redundancy. Network resilience appears to be the most representative index for the entire network, whereas pressure variation indices are more appropriate for describing individual districts. Except for fire-fighting capacity in one network, system performance did not appear to be affected significantly after sectorization.

A New Adaptive Penalty Method for Constrained Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Water Distribution Systems

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berge Djebedjian ◽  
Ashraf Yaseen ◽  
Magdy Abou Rayan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Penalty Function ◽  
Penalty Method ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Adaptive Penalty ◽  
Adaptive Penalty Method

This paper presents a new adaptive penalty method for genetic algorithms (GA). External penalty functions have been used to convert a constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained problem for GA-based optimization. The success of the genetic algorithm application to the design of water distribution systems depends on the choice of the penalty function. The optimal design of water distribution systems is a constrained non-linear optimization problem. Constraints (for example, the minimum pressure requirements at the nodes) are generally handled within genetic algorithm optimization by introducing a penalty cost function. The optimal solution is found when the pressures at some nodes are close to the minimum required pressure. The goal of an adaptive penalty function is to change the value of the penalty draw-down coefficient during the search allowing exploration of infeasible regions to find optimal building blocks, while preserving the feasibility of the final solution. In this study, a new penalty coefficient strategy is assumed to increase with the total cost at each generation and inversely with the total number of nodes. The application of the computer program to case studies shows that it finds the least cost in a favorable number of function evaluations if not less than that in previous studies and it is computationally much faster when compared with other studies.

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