scholarly journals Different Approaches to SCADA Data Completion in Water Networks

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere Marti-Puig ◽  
Arnau Martí-Sarri ◽  
Moisès Serra-Serra
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Linear Predictor ◽  
Data Completion ◽  
Data Restoration ◽  
Water Sensor ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Offset Compensation ◽  
Two Stages

This work contributes to the techniques used for SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system data completion in databases containing historical water sensor signals from a water supplier company. Our approach addresses the data restoration problem in two stages. In the first stage, we treat one-dimensional signals by estimating missing data through the combination of two linear predictor filters, one working forwards and one backwards. In the second stage, the data are tensorized to take advantage of the underlying structures at five minute, one day, and one week intervals. Subsequently, a low-range approximation of the tensor is constructed to correct the first stage of the data restoration. This technique requires an offset compensation to guarantee the continuity of the signal at the two ends of the burst. To check the effectiveness of the proposed method, we performed statistical tests by deleting bursts of known sizes in a complete tensor and contrasting different strategies in terms of their performance. For the type of data used, the results show that the proposed data completion approach outperforms other methods, the difference becoming more evident as the size of the bursts of missing data grows.

scholarly journals Estimating and reporting treatment effects in clinical trials for weight management: using estimands to interpret effects of intercurrent events and missing data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Wharton ◽  
Arne Astrup ◽  
Lars Endahl ◽  
Michael E. J. Lean ◽  
Altynai Satylganova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Missing Data ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

AbstractIn the approval process for new weight management therapies, regulators typically require estimates of effect size. Usually, as with other drug evaluations, the placebo-adjusted treatment effect (i.e., the difference between weight losses with pharmacotherapy and placebo, when given as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention) is provided from data in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). At first glance, this may seem appropriate and straightforward. However, weight loss is not a simple direct drug effect, but is also mediated by other factors such as changes in diet and physical activity. Interpreting observed differences between treatment arms in weight management RCTs can be challenging; intercurrent events that occur after treatment initiation may affect the interpretation of results at the end of treatment. Utilizing estimands helps to address these uncertainties and improve transparency in clinical trial reporting by better matching the treatment-effect estimates to the scientific and/or clinical questions of interest. Estimands aim to provide an indication of trial outcomes that might be expected in the same patients under different conditions. This article reviews how intercurrent events during weight management trials can influence placebo-adjusted treatment effects, depending on how they are accounted for and how missing data are handled. The most appropriate method for statistical analysis is also discussed, including assessment of the last observation carried forward approach, and more recent methods, such as multiple imputation and mixed models for repeated measures. The use of each of these approaches, and that of estimands, is discussed in the context of the SCALE phase 3a and 3b RCTs evaluating the effect of liraglutide 3.0 mg for the treatment of obesity.

Analisis Skrining Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrakk Biji Sangrai Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) dari Tanaman Hasil Pemupukan Organik dan Anorganik

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Aida Qotrun Nada ◽  
Tintrim Rahayu ◽  
Ari Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
A Value ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
The Difference

Ground coffee is coffee beans that have been roasted, ground or ground so that they have a smooth shape. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of compounds in robusta coffee roasted seed extract (Coffea canephora) from plants produced by organic and inorganic fertilization, and to know the difference in compounds between the results of organic and inorganic fertilization. The characteristics of phytochemical screening were carried out qualitatively on alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins and the antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH (1,1-dipenyl-2-picrihidrazil) method. Phytochemical screening characteristic test results show that robusta coffee bean extract extract from the results of organic and inorganic fertilization both contain flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, while the antioxidant test activity of robusta coffee beans extracts shows differences based on the results of statistical tests of linear regression analysis with the IC50 value the highest antioxidant content was inorganic coffee roasted bean extract only 14.0629 ppm compared to the organic roasted extract with a value of 30.6159 ppmKeywords: Robusta Coffee (Coffea canophora), Phytochemical Screening, DPPH MethodABSTRAKKopi bubuk adalah biji kopi yang telah disangrai digiling atau ditumbuk sehingga mempunyai bentuk halus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa dalam ekstrak biji sangrai kopi robusta (Coffe canephora) dari tanaman hasil pemupukan organik dan anorganik, dan mengetahui perbedaan senyawa antara hasil pemupukan organik dan anorganik. Karakteristik skrining fitokimia dilakukan secara kualitatif yang dilakukan terhadap alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, terpenoid dan saponin dan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrihidrazil). Hasil uji karakteristik skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji sangrai kopi robusta dari hasil pemupukan oganik dan anorganik keduanya sama mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, dan saponin,  sedangkan pada aktifitas uji antioksidan ekstrak biji sangrai kopi robusta menunjukan perbedaan berdasarkan hasil uji statistik analisis regresi linear dengan nilai IC50 kadar antioksidan paling tinggi adalah ekstrak biji sangrai kopi anorganik hanya 14,0629 ppm dibandingkan dengan ekstrak sangrai dari organik dengan nilai 30,6159 ppm.Kata kunci : Kopi Robusta (Coffea canophera), Skrining Fitokimia, Metode DPPH

Efektivitas Konseling Individual melalui Pendekatan Konseling Rasional Emotif dalam Mengatasi Kecemasan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Indah Etika Putri ◽  
Zulfani Sesmiarni ◽  
Alfi Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Calculation ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Class Iib

<em>The aim of this research is to find out the effectiveness of individual counseling through emotive rational counseling approach in overcoming anxiety in Payakumbuh Class IIB Penitentiary. The population is fostered citizens before the criminal period ends as many as 20 people, while the study sample is fostered citizens before the criminal period ends as many as 5 people and who are indicated to have high anxiety based on non-rondom sampling techniques and recommendations from employees. The data collection instrument is a Likert scale. Data analysis techniques using non-parametric statistical tests using Wilcoxon rack test, hypothesis testing using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 22. The results showed the difference between the pretest and posttest values. From the Wilcoxon test calculation results obtained a significant sip-value of 2.023. Based on the applicable provisions, it is known that the Wilcoxon Sig p-value test result is 0.043 &lt;α (α = 0.05) which means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. From the results of the Wilcoxon test calculation it can be concluded that it is effective to overcome anxiety in the target population before the criminal period expires.</em>

scholarly journals Comment on "Quantitative performance metrics for stratospheric-resolving chemistry-climate models" by Waugh and Eyring (2008)

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 9101-9110 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Grewe ◽  
R. Sausen
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Perfect Model ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Quantitative Performance ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. This comment focuses on the statistical limitations of a model grading, as applied by D. Waugh and V. Eyring (2008) (WE08). The grade g is calculated for a specific diagnostic, which basically relates the difference of means of model and observational data to the standard deviation in the observational dataset. We performed Monte Carlo simulations, which show that this method has the potential to lead to large 95%-confidence intervals for the grade. Moreover, the difference between two model grades often has to be very large to become statistically significant. Since the confidence intervals were not considered in detail for all diagnostics, the grading in WE08 cannot be interpreted, without further analysis. The results of the statistical tests performed in WE08 agree with our findings. However, most of those tests are based on special cases, which implicitely assume that observations are available without any errors and that the interannual variability of the observational data and the model data are equal. Without these assumptions, the 95%-confidence intervals become even larger. Hence, the case, where we assumed perfect observations (ignored errors), provides a good estimate for an upper boundary of the threshold, below that a grade becomes statistically significant. Examples have shown that the 95%-confidence interval may even span the whole grading interval [0, 1]. Without considering confidence intervals, the grades presented in WE08 do not allow to decide whether a model result significantly deviates from reality. Neither in WE08 nor in our comment it is pointed out, which of the grades presented in WE08 inhibits such kind of significant deviation. However, our analysis of the grading method demonstrates the unacceptably high potential for these grades to be insignificant. This implies that the grades given by WE08 can not be interpreted by the reader. We further show that the inclusion of confidence intervals into the grading approach is necessary, since otherwise even a perfect model may get a low grade.

Reporting human resources in annual reports

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kansal ◽  
Mahesh Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Training Programmes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent of corporate disclosure on human resources (HR) in the annual reports of top performing Indian companies. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores the extent to which top 82 companies from India present information about HR in their annual reports. This study examines the annual reports of each of the top Indian firms listed on the Bombay stock exchange, using the “content analysis” method. Statistical tests have been performed to analyse the difference between the HR disclosure score across public and private sectors and disclosure variations among various industrial sectors. Findings – In-house training programmes has been noticed to be the favourite item of disclosure followed by safety awards/certifications and statements regarding cordial relations with the employees/unions. A majority of the Indian firms have ignored significant HR issues such as employee welfare fund, maternity/paternity leaves, holiday benefits, employee loans and adopting old age homes, etc. Overall, the study reflects low HR related disclosures. No statistically significant difference has been found between the mean HR disclosure from one industry to another and disclosure practices of the private and the public sector companies. Practical implications – The disclosure pattern of the Indian companies suggests that they only a few companies are concerned about employees’ welfare than the rest. This may motivate a change of the disclosure policy of the rest of the firms who may follow the reporting pattern of the most disclosing ones. Originality/value – This is first study on the disclosure of HR by the Indian corporate sector in the CSR domain with a disclosure analysis for a period of nine years . This research provides new directions for the literature in this area and may promote comparative studies on HR-based studies from different perspectives.

scholarly journals Qualidade de frutos de mangabeira de diferentes estágios de maturação tratados com CaCl2

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e21010313340
Author(s):  
Alexandre Passos Oliveira ◽  
Pryanka Thuyra Nascimento Fontes ◽  
Luiz Fernando Ganassali de Oliveira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa ◽  
Two Stages

Hancornia speciosa is a fruit tree, popularly known as mangabeiras. The mangaba, fruits of this tree, are quite appreciated for their organoleptic characteristics. Because it is a climacteric fruit, this fruit has very high perishability. The use of products that extend the useful life is necessary. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) has been shown to be an alternative in post-harvest because it promotes few changes in fruit quality and increases the storage period. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate quality attributes of mangaba fruits in two stages of maturation, 'Immature' and 'Mature', submitted to CaCl2 application, in four storage times (0, 2, 4 and 6 days) under ambient atmosphere. During the experiment, the loss of fresh weight, color, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids and SS/TA ratio were evaluated. It was verified that the 'mature' fruits showed a higher acidity and soluble solids content, even with the application of CaCl2, the difference that the loss with the application of CaCl2 was smaller. Unlike '‘Immature’ and ‘Immature’ fruits with CaCl2 in which these characteristics were acquired as the experiment was conducted, in addition to presenting lower values for weight loss, pH and color.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN SUHU TUBUH BAYI BARU LAHIR ANTARA BAYI YANG BERHASIL MELAKUKAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI DAN BAYI YANG TIDAK BERHASIL MELAKUKAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Aprilia Aprisanti Reyani
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Latar Belakang :Kehangatan dada ibu dapat menghangatkan bayi, sehingga apabila bayi diletakan di dada ibunya segera setelah melahirkan atau dilakukan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini, dapat menurunkan resiko hipotermia dan menurunkan kematian bayi baru lahir akibat kedinginan atau hipotermia. Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir antara bayi yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan bayi yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD Metode  :Analitik,desain cross sectional,populasi semua bayi baru lahir, sampel bayi barulahir, teknik Non Random Sampling, pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan Lembar Observasi dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan nilai signifikan α = 0.05 yaitu bila hasil uji statistik menunjukan p ≤ α maka H0 ditolak. Hasil      :Suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang berhasil melakukan IMD sebagianbesardengansuhutubuhtidakhipotermisebanyak 20 bayi (87%) Suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD sebagianbesardengansuhutubuhhipotermisebanyak 8 bayi (66,7%). Dari hasil uji statistik diperoleh hasil nilai p = 0,005 < α = 0.05 maka H1 diterima, artinya ada Perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD Kesimpulan :Terdapat perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir antara bayi yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan bayi yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD.   Kata kunci : Inisiasi Menyusu Dini, Suhu Tubuh Bayi Baru Lahir                                                                                               THE DIFFERENCE BODY TEMPERATURE BETWEEN BABIES WHO SUCCESSFULLY INITIATE BREASTFEEDING EARLY AND BABIESWHO FAIL TO INITIATE EARLY BREASTFEEDING AT RSIA KIRANA SIDOARJO 2019  Background : The warmth of the mother’s chest can warm the baby, so that when the baby is in the mother’s breast immediately after birth or initiated early breastfeeding can reduce the mortality rate of newborns due to hypotermia.Purpose :the purpose of this study was to determine the difference in body temperature of newborns between infants who successfully initiated early breastfeeding and infants who did not succeed in initiating early breastfeedingMethods : analytical, cross sectional design, population 40 newborns, samples 35 newborns, Non Random Sampling techniques, the data accumulation using observation sheets and using chi-square test, with significant value α = 0.05 is when the statistical test results show p ≤ α then Ho is rejected.Result : The body temperature of the newborn who succeeded in initiating early breastfeeding was 36.78ºC with 23 (65.7%) of infants none having hypothermia, the newborn baby's body temperature that did not succeed in doing this early breastfeeding was 35.78ºC With 8 infants experiencing hypothermia, while 4 babies with normal temperature. From the results of statistical tests obtained results with the value p = 0,000 <α = 0.05 then H1 accepted, meaning there is a difference in body temperature of a newborn who successfully initiated early breastfeeding and who did not succeed in Early Breastfeeding Initiation. Conclusion : There is a difference in the body temperature of a newborn between infants who successfully initiated breastfeeding and infants who are not successful in initiating early breastfeeding....Keywords : Early breastfeedinginitiation, newborns temperature

On-Line Fuzzy Logic Temperature Control of a Concentric-Tubes Heat Exchanger Facility

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Ruiz-Mercado ◽  
Arturo Pacheco-Vega ◽  
Kevin Peters
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Single Output ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Stages

We develop a fuzzy rule based controller to perform on-line temperature control of a concentric-tubes heat exchanger facility. The rules were derived from dynamical values of the mass flow rates and fluid temperatures in the heat exchanger. The controller was embedded in a closed-loop single-input single-output system to control the outlet temperature of the cold fluid. The controller was constructed in two stages, the difference between them being the amount of information provided to the controller. To validate the fuzzy controller two sets of tests were carried out for maintaining a constant value of the outlet temperature under different perturbations. Results from this analysis demonstrate that the fuzzy-based controller is able to achieve control of the system, and that the information about the system provided to it is important in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

Investigation of the chemical ordering and thermal properties of the Rh–Ag–Au nanoalloys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Md Simulation ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Surface Melting ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chemical Ordering ◽  
Caloric Curve ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Gupta Potential

In this paper, the melting behaviors of Rh–Ag–Au nanoalloys are investigated with MD simulation. For Rh–Ag–Au nanoalloys, icosahedron structure was considered. The local optimizations of Rh–Ag–Au nanoalloys were carried out with the BH algorithm. The interatomic interactions were modeled with the Gupta potential. The local optimization results of Rh–Ag–Au nanoalloys show that Au and Ag atoms prefer to locate on the surface, and Rh atoms prefer to locate in the inner shells. The bond order parameter result is compatible with the excess energy analysis. It is noted that structures with more Ag–Au bonds are more energetically stable. Caloric curve, heat capacity, Lindemann index, and RMSD methods were used for estimating the melting temperatures of Rh–Ag–Au nanoalloys. According to the simulation results, melting temperatures depend on the composition. Also, it is discovered that nanoalloys are generally melting in two stages. Surface melting of the third shell is occupied by Ag and Au atoms, and then homogeneous melting of the inner shells is occupied by Rh atoms. It is found that the difference between surface melting temperatures and homogeneous melting temperatures in Ag-poor compositions is more significant than that of Ag-rich nanoalloys. In addition, the melting temperatures of the nanoalloys are found to be increased as the size of nanoalloys increases.

scholarly journals The Dreamer and Their Authenticity in the Zhuangzi

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Barbara Aniela Bonar
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Structural Process ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Psychoanalytic Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Stages

In this paper, I explain the problem of the dreamer in the Zhuangzi. I aim to show that no difference exists between dreaming states and waking states because we have a fluctual relationship with these two stages. In both, “we are dreaming.” Put another way, from a psychoanalytical point of view, one stage penetrates the other and vice versa. The difference between dreaming and non-dreaming disappears because dreaming is a structural process. Also, from a psychoanalytical perspective, all confirmations and negations about dreams and non-dreams leads to one point: the being, or rather the becoming, of the subject. How does this solve the problem of the True Person/True Human Being (zhenren真人)? Does such a person have dreams or not? Does the True Person sleep without dreams, as we find in the Zhuangzi? From a psychoanalytic perspective, this is not possible. To prove this, I will present few passages from the Zhuangzi and offer a psychoanalytic explanation of them based on Jacques Lacan’s theory of the fantasy and desire.

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