scholarly journals An Integrated Approach for Evaluating Water Quality between 2007–2015 in Santa Cruz Island in the Galapagos Archipelago

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Mateus ◽  
Christian A. Guerrero ◽  
Galo Quezada ◽  
Daniel Lara ◽  
Valeria Ochoa-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Santa Cruz Island ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Background Levels ◽  
The Impact

Water quality in Galápagos has been deteriorating by increased human impacts over the past few decades. Water quality is a key environmental component and issue in need to be evaluated in the Pelican Bay Watershed, the biggest urban and economic development of Santa Cruz Island, for better management and regulation of water resources. This study assesses coastal and ground water bodies of Pelican Bay by employing a 9-year dataset obtained during a local water quality monitoring program conducted by the Galápagos National Park. Physical-chemical and microbial parameters were evaluated with respect to national and international water quality standards. A statistical integrated approach was performed to calculate environmental background levels of water quality parameters and to explore their seasonal and spatial variation. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of changes in tourism and residents in San Cruz Island in the degradation of water sources. Results highlighted are: (a) water is not suitable for drinking and domestic use at some inland sites; (b) saline water is used for irrigation in the highlands; (c) the presence of parameters of concern at coastal sites represent a risk for human and ecosystem health; (d) background levels may serve for defining site-specific limits to control water quality, and; (e) the influence of population change on water quality conditions varied at each site with a higher effect at coastal sites relatively to inland sites. This study provided valuable information of the water quality status in Santa Cruz Island and can serve as a baseline for effective water management and control of pollution.

Wet weather water quality modelling of a Portuguese urban catchment: difficulties and benefits

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. David ◽  
R.S. Matos
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Deterministic Modelling ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the use of water quality deterministic modelling together with an integrated approach to assess the impact of urban stormwater discharges into ephemeral watercourses, based on the study of a Portuguese catchment. The description of the main aspects, difficulties and benefits found during data collection and model calibration and verification is presented, and the associated uncertainties and errors discussed. Experimental results showed a strong short- and long-term impact of sewer discharges on rivers, and confirmed deposition, resuspension and transport of pollutants as important processes for the water quality. However, the resuspension of riverbed sediment pollutants during storms was probably more significant than the direct impact of the urban discharges. The HydroWorks™ model was used since it allows for the calculation of pollutant build-up on catchment surfaces and in gully pots, their wash-off, and the deposition and erosion of sediments in sewers. However, it uses several constants, which could not be independently calibrated, increasing the uncertainty already associated with the data. River flows have quite different magnitude from the sewer system overflows, which, together with the difficulties in evaluating river flow rates, makes the integrated modelling approach rather complex and costly.

Modelling Foodweb Accumulation of Cadmium in Sedimentation Areas of the Rhine Delta

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. G. Kramer ◽  
Th P. Traas ◽  
T. Aldenberg ◽  
M. B. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Contaminant Accumulation ◽  
Causality Chain

An integrated approach concerning the causality chain of emission, distribution and effects of toxicants was chosen to analyze the influence of pollution and the impact of historical and future measures in the Rhine basin. All major sources have been quantified and the distribution of nutrients and toxicants is determined by means of a dynamic model. A contaminant accumulation model is linked to this water quality model in order to assess the ecological effects of the compounds in specific areas. This modelling framework is used to analyze effects of cadmium on the foodweb found in Rhine sedimentation areas. Model predictions show that No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) levels for cadmium in algae and small molluscs are not exceeded.

scholarly journals Monitoring a newly re-born patient: water quality and cyanotoxin occurrence in a reconstructed shallow Mediterranean lake

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Gkelis ◽  
Manthos Panou ◽  
Ioannis Chronis ◽  
Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou ◽  
Christophoros Christophoridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lake Karla

Lake Karla (Central Greece) is a unique example - at European scale - of a shallow lake ecosystem that was dried in the 1960s and in 2009 started to be restored. The lake is listed in the network of the Greek protected areas as it is considered a vital aquatic ecosystem, in terms of biodiversity. It has, however, already been adversely affected by both agricultural and industrial land uses in the surrounding area, leading to eutrophication and shifting algal community towards bloom-forming toxic cyanobacterial species. After repeated heavy-blooms, cyanotoxin occurrence and mass fish kills, the local ecosystem management authority has implemented a water quality monitoring program (July 2013 - July 2015) to assess environmental pressures and the response of aquatic biota in the lake. Microscopic, immunological, and molecular techniques combined with physico-chemical parameters, complemented by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), were used to monitor cyanobacteria blooms and the associated cyanotoxin production from three different sites in Lake Karla and from the adjacent Kalamaki Reservoir. Water quality was also assessed by the structure of benthic invertebrate community on the sediment. Cyanobacteria were the main phytoplankton component, representing more than 70% of the total phytoplankton abundance; dominant taxa belonged to Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Limnothrix redekei, Anabaenopsis elenkinii, and Microcystis spp. Euglenophytes (Euglena), diatoms (Nitzschia), and chlorophytes (Scenedesmus) were also important phytoplankton constituents. LC-MS/MS confirmed the co-occurrence of microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxin, neo-saxitoxin and anatoxin-a. The occurrence of cyanotoxins in relation to the persistent and dominant cyanobacteria and the impact of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms on the newly constructed lake along with the land uses and the emergent mitigation measures are discussed. 

scholarly journals Impact assessment wastewater discharge on water quality DTD canal Becej-Bogojevo

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Pesic ◽  
Milena Becelic-Tomin ◽  
Bozo Dalmacija ◽  
Dejan Krcmar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
The Impact

Pressure and impact analysis requires information on the main drivers and changes in conditions. In order to analyze such pressures and impacts, each river basin requires: an analysis of its characteristics, a review of the impact of human activity on the status of the surface water and an economic analysis of water use. Pressure and impact analysis plays a central role in the planning of river basin management. The quality of the stream at any point depends on several major factors: lithology of the basin, weather conditions, climate, and human impacts. Most of the polluters are located in the big cities next to canal DTD Becej-Bogojevo canal (Odzaci,Vrbas, Srbobran, Becej). Per year, 2900000 m3 of wastewater was discharged into the Becej-Bogojevo section of the DTD canal: 1,4 tCOD, 0,8 0tBOD, 260 kg of nitrogen, 19 kg of phosphorus and 282 kg of suspended solids. Of the total volume of wastewater, 20% comes from industry and 80% from municipal wastewater. Most of the wastewaters from the studied polluters is discharged untreated or insufficiently treated (only primary treatment). This poor quality wastewater threatens the receipients into which its is discharged. Comparison of the wastewater quality results to the Decree on emission limits and deadlines for their achievement, shows that many polluters exceed the limits for all parameters (COD, BOD, nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids). On the basis of the physico-chemical analysis of the water from the DTD Becej-Bogojevo canal it can be concluded that the water quality is unsatisfactory. According to the national legislation, the water quality exceeds the values for good potential streams for most parameters at all sampling locatio dissolved oxygen, organic matter and nutrients). Thus, we can conclude that the water in the studied section of the DTD Becej-Bogojevo canal does not meet the criteria for "good ecological potential". The most vulnerable locations are downstream of the Vrbas and downstream of the Becej, while the best quality canal water is at the furthest upstream location (CS Bogojevo). Risk assessment based on monitoring results indicates that the water of the studied section of the DTD Becej-Bogojevo canal is probably at risk of failing to meet the objectives of the Water Framework Directive, as 33% of the analyzed parameters to calculate specific risk ratios were greater than 1, and thus fall into the category of pollutants medium risk. In order to achieve the quality (to achieve good status and good potential), there must be a response from industrial producers, which consists primarily of comprehensively understanding the problems and implementing measures to minimize the impact of these problems.

The HydroEcoSedimentary Tool: an integrated approach to characterise interstitial processes in freshwater systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roser Casas-Mulet ◽  
Joachim Pander ◽  
Maximilian Prietzel ◽  
Juergen Geist
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Fine Sediment ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Gravel Beds ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
A Site

<p>Increased deposition of fine sediments in streams affects a range of key ecosystem processes across the sediment-water interface, and it is a critical aspect of river habitat degradation and restoration. Understanding the mechanisms leading to fine sediment accumulation along and across streambeds, and their affectation to ecological processes is therefore essential for comprehending human impacts on river ecosystems and inform river restoration. Here, we introduce the HydroEcoSedimentary Tool (HEST) as an integrated approach to assess hydro-sedimentary and ecologically relevant processes together. The HEST integrates the estimation of a range of processes occurring in the interstitial zone, including sedimentary (fine sediment accumulation and fine sediment loss upon retrieval), hydraulic (hydraulic conductivity), geochemical (water quality and temperature) and ecological (with a focus on brown trout early life stages).</p><p>We tested the HEST application in two rivers with different degrees of morphological degradation in Germany. The HEST was successful in recording the set of key hydrosedimentary and ecologically relevant factors, and in providing a mechanistic linkage between and biological effect in a site-specific context. The HEST data confirmed that salmonid embryo mortality could be linked to high fine deposition in gravel beds. In addition, the HEST illustrated that such mortality could be linked explicitly to interstitial depths and to different infiltration pathways for fines (e.g. vertical vs. horizontal). Although interstitial water quality and temperature were within ecological thresholds and did not show significant differences with surface water, it was still useful to monitor such variables and to rule out any effect on mortality. Water temperature, for example, could be extremely important to detect local groundwater inputs, which has been demonstrated to have a significant effect on embryo salmonids elsewhere. The HEST also allowed accounting for the loss of fines during retrieval failure and estimating hydrological factors with the HEST illustrates its additional usefulness and reliability.</p><p>Compared to other methods, the HEST expands the possibilities to monitor and quantify fine sediment deposition in streambeds by differentiating between vertical, lateral and longitudinal infiltration pathways, and distinguishing between the depth (upper vs. lower layers) at which interstitial processes occur along the streambed column.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of Surface Water Quality and Monitoring in Southern Vietnam Using Multicriteria Statistical Approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giao Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Huynh Thi Hong Nhien
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Entropy Weighted ◽  
Industrial Zones ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The study was conducted to analyze water quality fluctuations in the South of Vietnam using monitoring data at 58 locations, measured 8 times per year, analyzing 16 water quality indicators in 2020. The study has used national technical regulations on surface water quality (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, column A1), water quality index (WQI), cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and Entropy weighted methods to analyze surface water quality. The results showed that the water quality was contaminated with organics (low DO while TSS, BOD, COD was high), nutrients (mainly N-NH4+) and Fe. Pb at some locations exceeded the allowable limit. Cd, Hg and As were within the allowable limits of QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, column A1. DO, TSS, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, Fe, EC, TDS, Cl- were seasonally fluctuated. WQI classified water quality from bad to very good (WQI=42-100) due to the impact of hydrological conditions, navigation, wastewater and waste from industrial zones, and fishing ports. The findings presented that it is possible to reduce the 11 sampling locations of cluster 1-6, reduce the frequency of monitoring from 8 to 5 times per year, while still ensuring representativeness of water quality over time, reducing the monitoring costs by 56.5%. The PCA identified five major potential sources explaining 87.3% and 8 minor sources explaining only 12.7% of water quality variation. Temperature, pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, Fe, Cl-, Pb need to be monitored, while adding indicators P-PO43-, TP, TN, coliforms into the future monitoring program. The study shows that the medium and bad water quality are concentrated in Dong Nai, Ho Chi Minh City and Long An, so the relevant environmental management agencies needs to find solutions to improve the water quality in those areas. The current results can assist in decision-making related to environmental quality monitoring in the southern region of Vietnam.

scholarly journals Značaj monitoringa kvaliteta vode u jezerima hidroelektrana

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Vladana Rajaković-Ognjanović ◽  
Tina Dašić
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
The Impact

When planning the construction of a hydroelectric power plant, an important segment is adequate monitoring of water quality. With an appropriate monitoring program, the multifunctional use of artificial lakes is enabled. Eutrophication (nutrient over-enrichment) of water in a lake is a phenomenon that has been noticed in all lakes. The consequence of eutrophication is the endangerment of the aquatic ecosystem. Eutrophication is a phenomenon that occurs as a response of the aquatic ecosystem to the increased concentration of nutrients, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), due to natural and anthropogenic activities. Recent research indicates a correlation between local climate change and water circulation and the impact of climate change on all phenomena in the hydrological cycle. Temperature fluctuations, huge amounts of rain when precipitation is analysed, constant heating and increase in humidity all affect more intense eutrophication. The key conclusions of the research dealing with the construction of the hydroelectric power plant in Komarnica are: to introduce monitoring (permanent control) of water quality in lakes in order to minimize or control, even prevent eutrophication. Each artificial lake has its own unique characteristics. The dependence of chlorophyll, phosphorus and lake volume varies depending on the month, season and year. The proposal for the lake that will be built on Komarnica, which is part of the future hydroelectric power plant, is a monthly monitoring of the concentration of chlorophyll, nutrients and the volume of the lake. Seasonal monitoring depends on precipitation, hydrological and limnological characteristics and trends of dry and rainy episodes. Analyzes and previous research have shown that the introduction of mandatory parameters for monitoring water quality does not increase the cost of electricity production and energy conservation, but significantly improves and enhances the quality of the environment.

scholarly journals Halocline Induced by Rainfall in Saline Water Ponds in the Tropics and Its Impact on Physical Water Quality

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1889
Author(s):  
Akinori Ozaki ◽  
Panitan Kaewjantawee ◽  
Thinh Nguyen Van ◽  
Masaru Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

In saline water ponds in the tropics, a halocline may occur due to rainfall, especially in the rainy season. The critical impacts of haloclines in saline water ponds are heat insulation and the obstruction of vertical mixing. Considering the water quality in saline water ponds, the appearance of a halocline could have an impact on its variation, as the pond water quality may be impacted by both heat insulation and the obstruction of vertical mixing. Especially in saline water ponds with the purpose of aquaculture production, the appearance of a halocline may lead to dangerous risks, such as physiological stress on aquaculture products, increases in pathogenic micro-organisms, and deterioration of water quality. In the present study, the impact of the appearance of a halocline on physical water qualities was investigated by analyzing continuous on-site observation data obtained in Thailand. It was found that, after the appearance of the halocline, the heat was stored in the lower high-salinity layer, due to the heat insulation effect of the halocline. Furthermore, the halocline was also suggested to have an impact on the transportation of turbidity and to change the DO (dissolved oxygen) distribution in the vertical direction. These results are expected to provide information for assessment of the risk in saline water ponds and to contribute to a new approach for understanding deterioration problems in saline water aquaculture ponds.

scholarly journals Galápagos Rail Laterallus spilonotus population change associated with habitat invasion by the Red-barked Quinine Tree Cinchona pubescens

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. GREGORY SHRIVER ◽  
JAMES P. GIBBS ◽  
HARA W. WOLTZ ◽  
NICOLE P. SCHWARZ ◽  
MARGARET A. PEPPER
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Santa Cruz Island ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Cinchona Pubescens ◽  
Habitat Invasion

SummarySpecies on oceanic islands are more likely to be endemic as well as more extinction-prone than those on continents. The Galápagos Rail Laterallus spilonotus, endemic to the Galápagos Archipelago, is presently known to occur on just four of its seven previously occupied islands and is facing multiple threats to its persistence. In this study, we compared the rail’s occurrence and abundance at 193 survey points between 2000 and 2007 on Santa Cruz Island and examined the influence of an invasion of the habitat of the species by the exotic Red-barked Quinine Tree Cinchona pubescens. We detected a 13% reduction in rail occurrence and a 31% reduction in abundance between 2000 and 2007. Rail abundance declined more in low elevation areas (< 719 m) and outside of Cinchona pubescens removal areas but not in areas where Cinchona pubescens was removed. Insofar as Galápagos Rails responded positively to management actions that promote and maintain native vegetation, we conclude that restoration projects that restore native vegetation communities benefit this apparently declining endemic bird for which more focused conservation attention is warranted.

scholarly journals Applicability of semi quantitative approach to assess the potential environmental risks for sustainable implementation of water supply schemes: a case study of Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. A. Bellanthudawa ◽  
D. Halwatura ◽  
N. M. S. K. Nawalage ◽  
H. M. A. K. Handapangoda ◽  
S. R. Y. S. S. B. Sundarapperuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Identification and quantification of environmental and socio-economic impact risks and effective monitoring of water projects are crucial for sustainable water resource management. Hence, the present study was conducted with the objectives of identifying potential environmental risks of different stages of the development of a new water supply scheme located in the wet zone of Sri Lanka, and categorizing identified impacts based on their significance. A rapid environmental assessment (REA) was followed to identify the upstream point source pollution and downstream water uses in the immediate catchment. Subsequently, a semi-quantitative approach was conducted to screen the environmental, social, and economic risks concerning likelihood and sensitivity of the impact. Besides, an analysis of physico-chemical and biological parameters of water quality was conducted in the intake location. The semi-quantitative method highlighted that low and medium risk with ecological impacts (50%), low risks towards sustainability of water source (75%), medium level constructional impacts (60%), and very high-level impacts at the operational stage were available (50%). A water quality monitoring program revealed that Escherichia coli count, total coliform bacterial count, and colour of the water were above the standard limits in the nearby freshwater source. In conclusion, a similar approach can be implemented worldwide as a reference to determine the potential socio-environmental consequences in water supply projects to minimize the adverse impacts. Through this study, sustainable mitigation measures were proposed accordingly to prevent the impacts and to strengthen the long-term viability of the new Rural Water Supply Scheme.

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