scholarly journals Response of Vertical Migration and Leaching of Nitrogen in Percolation Water of Paddy Fields under Water-Saving Irrigation and Straw Return Conditions

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengxin Zheng ◽  
Zhanyu Zhang ◽  
Yunyu Wu ◽  
Richwell Mwiya
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Leaching ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Leaching Loss ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Percolation Water

The use of water-saving irrigation techniques has been encouraged in rice fields in response to irrigation water scarcity. Straw return is an important means of straw reuse. However, the environmental impact of this technology, e.g., nitrogen leaching loss, must be further explored. A two-year (2017–2018) experiment was conducted to investigate the vertical migration and leaching of nitrogen in paddy fields under water-saving and straw return conditions. Treatments included traditional flood irrigation (FI) and two water-saving irrigation regimes: rain-catching and controlled irrigation (RC-CI) and drought planting with straw mulching (DP-SM). RC-CI and DP-SM both significantly decreased the irrigation input compared with FI. RC-CI increased the rice yield by 8.23%~12.26%, while DP-SM decreased it by 8.98%~15.24% compared with FI. NH4+-N was the main form of the nitrogen leaching loss in percolation water, occupying 49.06%~50.97% of TN leaching losses. The NH4+-N and TN concentration showed a decreasing trend from top to bottom in soil water of 0~54 cm depth, while the concentration of NO3−-N presented the opposite behavior. The TN and NH4+-N concentrations in percolation water of RC-CI during most of the rice growth stage were the highest among treatments in both years, and DP-SM showed a trend of decreasing TN and NH4+-N concentrations. The NO3−-N concentrations in percolation water showed a regular pattern of DP-SM > RC-CI > FI during most of the rice growth stage. RC-CI and DP-SM remarkably reduced the amount of N leaching losses compared to FI as a result of the significant decrease of percolation water volumes. The tillering and jointing-booting stages were the two critical periods of N leaching (accounted for 74.85%~86.26% of N leaching losses). Great promotion potential of RC-CI and DP-SM exists in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, and DP-SM needs to be further optimized.

scholarly journals Study on the Law of Nitrogen Transfer and Conversion and Use of Fertilizer Nitrogen in Paddy Fields under Water-Saving Irrigation Mode

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghua Xiao ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Jianwen Wang ◽  
Xiujun Hu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Leaching Loss

The research on the effect of water-saving irrigation technology on the loss of nutrients and chemical substances in farmland has become a hot issue in the field of agricultural water and soil. Based on comparative experiments and combined with the isotope N15 tracer technique, the mechanism of nitrogen migration and transformation and the trend of fertilizer nitrogen use under different irrigation modes were studied. The results showed that water-saving irrigation modes (thin and wet irrigation W1 and intermittent irrigation W2) could reduce the NO3−-N leaching loss by reducing the water leakage amount and the NO3−-N concentration, and effectively inhibit the leaching loss of fertilizer nitrogen. Compared with conventional irrigation (W0), the leaching loss amount of fertilizer nitrogen in W1 and W2 decreased by 62% and 64%, respectively. Under the same amount of fertilizer, water-saving irrigation mode can significantly reduce the total amount of ammonia (NH3) volatilization and the proportion of NH3 volatilization of fertilizer nitrogen in total NH3 volatilization, and significantly increase the nitrogen uptake of rice plants. Meanwhile, water-saving irrigation mode can increase the total nitrogen content of paddy soil by 14.0% but reduce the residual rate of fertilizer nitrogen in soil by 14.6%. Moreover, crop nitrogen uptake can be significantly increased under water-saving irrigation. Compared with W0, the nitrogen fertilizer use rate of W1 and W2 increased by 5.0% and 9.7%, respectively. The research results can provide an important basis for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution, curbing the decline of soil fertility and deterioration of soil quality in paddy fields.

Nitrate leaching and pasture production from different nitrogen sources on a shallow stoney soil under flood-irrigated dairy pasture

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Di ◽  
K. C. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Leaching Loss

The leaching of nitrate (NO3–) in intensive agricultural production systems, e.g. dairy pastures, is a major environmental concern in many countries. In this lysimeter study we determined the amount of NO3– leached following the application of urea, dairy effluent, urine returns, and pasture renovation to a freedraining Lismore stony silt loam (Udic Haplustept loamy skeletal) growing a mixture of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture. The study showed that NO3–-N leaching losses ranged from 112 to 162 kg N/ha per year, depending on the amount and forms of N applied and pasture conditions. Nitrate leaching under the urine patches was the main contributor to the N leaching loss in a grazed paddock. Nitrate leaching losses were lower for urine applied in the spring (29% of N applied) than for urine applied in the autumn (38–58%). The application of urea or dairy effluent only contributed a small proportion to the total NO3– leaching loss in a grazed paddock. Pasture renovation by direct-drilling may also have caused an increase in NO3– leaching (c. 31 kg N/ha) in the first year. Modelled annual average NO3–-N concentrations in the mixed recharge water in the acquifer were significantly lower than those measured under the rooting zone due to dilution effects by recharge water from other sources (3.9 v. 13–27 mg N/L). Herbage nitrogen offtake and dry matter yield were higher in the urine treatments than in the non-urine treatments. groundwater, denitrification, mineralisation, grazing, forage.

scholarly journals NITROGEN LEACHING LOSSES FROM CONTAINER-GROWN ROSES.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 583a-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul I. Cabrera ◽  
Richard Y. Evans ◽  
J. L. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Leaching ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Flower Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaching Fraction ◽  
Cut Flower Yield ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Nitrogen leaching losses of 21, 40 and 49% were measured from container-grown `Royalty' roses irrigated for one year with nutrient solutions containing 77, 154 and 231 mg N/l. There were no significant differences in number of flowers per plant or dry matter per plant. The N present in the harvested flowers accounted for 43, 27 and 17% of the N applied for the 77, 154 and 231 mg N/l treatments, respectively. Plants receiving 154 mg N/l at leaching fractions of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 had corresponding N leaching losses of 22, 38 and 56%. In this experiment, however, the 0.5 leaching fraction produced yields significantly higher than those of the 0.1 and 0.25 treatments. The N recovered in the harvested flowers accounted for 28, 25 and 19% of that applied to the 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 treatments, respectively. The results of these studies suggest that modifications in current irrigation and fertilization practices of greenhouse roses would result in a considerable reduction of N leaching losses and enhance N fertilizer use efficiency, without loss of cut flower yield and quality.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen fertiliser rate on production and nitrogen leaching from Italian ryegrass following a maize silage crop

2003 ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
A.A. Judge ◽  
R.N. Jensen ◽  
M.S. Sprosen ◽  
S.F. Ledgard ◽  
E.R. Thom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Nitrogen Leaching ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Yield Responses

Dry matter (DM) yield responses and field nitrogen (N) leaching losses were assessed following the application of 4 rates of N fertiliser to an Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) crop grown after maize. The trial was conducted on a free-draining Horotiu silt loam (typic orthic allophanic soil) at Dexcel's Scott Farm near Hamilton, New Zealand. The grass was direct dr illed into maize stubble on 13 April 2002. Small plots received a total of 0, 40, 100 or 160 kg N/ha as urea, split into 4 equal applications from May to July. Total DM production over 24 weeks for the 0, 40, 100 or 160 kg N/ha treatments was 2730, 3487, 4238 and 4840 kg DM/ha, respectively. Additional kg DM produced/kg N applied was 19, 15 and 13, respectively. The 'apparent' proportion of applied N removed in the herbage from all plots was 55- 60%. Herbage nitrate-N concentrations exceeded the commonly accepted critical level of 0.21% on the 160 kg N/ha treatment at the first harvest on 3 July 2002, when only half of each N rate had been applied. There were no significant treatment differences in leaching losses (range 17-34 kg N/ha). Italian ryegrass grown on a silt loam soil after maize showed an almost linear yield response to N fertiliser over the range 40-160 kg N/ha, without increased inorganic N leaching. Further work is necessary to confirm these results and to establish whether or not higher rates of N fertiliser can be used to increase winter dry matter yields from Italian ryegrass, without increasing N leaching losses. Keywords: annual ryegrass, dairy systems, double cropping, nitrogen leaching

Effect of controlled irrigation and drainage on nitrogen leaching losses from paddy fields

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhang Peng ◽  
Yupu He ◽  
Shihong Yang ◽  
Junzeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Leaching ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Controlled Irrigation

scholarly journals Effect of straw return on soil respiration and NEE of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e0204597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihong Yang ◽  
Yanan Xiao ◽  
Junzeng Xu ◽  
Xiaoyin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Straw Return

scholarly journals SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF NITROGEN IN CULTIVATED SOIL AT GIAO THUY DISTRICT, NAM DINH PROVINCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2C) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Ly Thi Thu Ha
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Total N ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Vegetable Rotation

This paper focuses on evaluating the nitrogen mineralization and NH4+ and NO3- leaching from the root zone in cultivated soils of Giao Thuy district, Nam Dinh province using Synthetic accumulation (SIA) method. Main findings reveal that total N content in vegetable fields and rice-vegetable-rotational fields ranges from 17.68 – 113.68 kgN ha-1, and from 14.64 – 132.59 kgN ha-1, respectively. Total N is also significantly different between saline paddy-fields and fresh-water fields, varies between 16.33 – 82.12 kgN ha-1 and from 23.89 – 74.04 kgN ha-1, respectively. NO3- accounts for a larger proportion in vegetable fields and accumulated higher during the dry season; NH4+ predominates in paddy fields and accumulated mainly in rainy season. The N leaching losses decreased in the following order: vegetable, rice-vegetable rotation, non-saline and saline soil. 

scholarly journals Nitrogen leaching losses from fodder beet and kale crops grazed by dairy cows in southern SouthlandNitrogen leaching losses from fodder beet and kale crops grazed by dairy cows in southern Southland

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
L. Chris Smith ◽  
Ross M. Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nitrogen Leaching ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
First Year ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Fodder beet has become increasingly common as both a winter forage and as a supplement at the shoulders of the dairy season in southern New Zealand. One advantage over the more traditional kale crop option is that fodder beet results in less urinary nitrogen (N) excretion in dairy animals, potentially reducing N leaching. Two trials were undertaken to measure nitrogen leaching losses under both autumn-grazed or autumn-lifted fodder beet crops. Leaching losses were also measured from winter-grazed fodder beet and winter-grazed kale treatments. Results from Trial 1 show that leaching losses from autumn-lifted or autumn-grazed fodder beet  treatments were large (108–131 kg N ha-1) relative to losses measured in the winter-grazed fodder beet treatment (82 kg N ha-1). This indicates that autumn-grazed fodder beet crops have a greater potential for N leaching than winter-grazed fodder beet. The practice of lifting and removing fodder beet during autumn appeared to reduce N leaching somewhat, but losses were still relatively large, perhaps due to carryover of N from the previous season as a result of the dry summer conditions that preceded the drainage season in in the first year of Trial 1. The amount of N leached from the winter-grazed fodder beet treatment from Trial 1 at 82 kg N ha-1 was 50% less than the 176 kg N ha-1 observed for the kale crop. Results from Trial 2 using larger plots showed a similar trend, with winter-grazed fodder beet leaching 42% less N than winter-grazed kale (41 vs 70 kg N ha-1; P<0.001), despite not all the urine N being collected by the end of the drainage season. These losses are relatively large compared to the annual N leaching losses measured from pasture paddocks on the same farm, which ranged from 13–23 kg N ha-1. Considerations of grazing and/or harvest timing (autumn vs winter) as well as crop type appear to be important factors that determine N leaching losses from Southland dairy systems.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Leaching Loss Estimation from Paddy Soil in the Taihu Lake Region of China by a Newly Developed Simple Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Wen-Ming Xie ◽  
Wen-Ming Xie ◽  
You Ma ◽  
Shi-Jun Li ◽  
Wei-Ming Sh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Nitrogen Leaching ◽  
Loss Estimation ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Leaching Loss ◽  
Lake Region

Nitrogen leaching as a direct pathway of N loss from agricultural land can negatively affect groundwater and surface water quality. However, a simple and efficient method for nitrogen leaching loss estimation is still inefficient. In this study, an exponential model was developed using the experimental data from a two-year field experiment conducted in the Taihu Lake region of China to simulate the N leaching from the paddy soil. The results showed the leached N was in the range of 5.66 to 8.45 kg N/ha during the whole rice season, which was accounted for 1.7%-2.1% of the applied N. A good agreement between the measured and model predicted results for N leaching loss was observed, suggesting the validity of the established model. The model was further validated with the data of other studies in other regions. The results demonstrated this model is able to simulate the N leaching loss accurately and can provide a beneficial tool for users to predict N leaching loss in paddy soil.

scholarly journals Simulation of mitigation strategies to reduce nitrogen leaching from grazed pasture

2007 ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Bryant ◽  
C.J. Hoogendoorn ◽  
V.O. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nitrogen Leaching ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Base Scenario ◽  
Pastoral Farming

Strategies to reduce nitrogen leaching losses from pastoral farming in the Lake Taupo catchment are required to address declining water quality in the lake. This study used a biophysical whole farm simulation model, EcoMod, to explore the potential for four mitigation strategies to reduce N leaching in a soil and climate typical of the region. The strategies were use of: a nitrification inhibitor (DCD); steers instead of heifers (STEER); salt as a diuretic (SALT) and; high sugar ryegrass (HSG). These were compared to a BASE scenario of grazed heifers. Each of the simulated mitigation strategies showed the potential to significantly reduce nitrogen leaching compared to BASE by 25 to 45%. All mitigation strategies reduced nitrogen fixation due to more efficient plant use of nitrogen from urinary and faecal sources. This also contributed to an increase in pasture intake for SALT, STEER and DCD, but not for HSG. These mitigation strategies were explored at a single-paddock level and planned experimental studies will further examine the effectiveness of the strategies. Keywords: nitrogen leaching, mitigation, Lake Taupo, simulation, EcoMod

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