scholarly journals Zootechnical Farm Wastewaters in Ecuador: A Treatment Proposal and Cost-benefit Analysis

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Verlicchi ◽  
Estefania C. Avilés Sacoto ◽  
Giacomo Zanni
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Treatment Train

This paper presents and discusses the results of a study carried out in Ecuador, where the zootechnical sector represents one of the country’s most important economic activities. It is, however, the source of many environmental problems, including the release of untreated liquid effluents and odorous emissions, and the production and disposal of solid wastes. The main aim of this study was to propose a treatment train for the zootechnical farm wastewater, combining natural systems (i.e., lagoons and subsurface flow beds) with conventional technologies and a cost-benefit analysis. With reference to a specific case study, the different steps of the treatment train were designed and the corresponding construction, operational and maintenance costs evaluated. To better assess the technical and economic feasibility of such a proposal, a cost-benefit analysis was carried out. The social benefit was evaluated by means of the contingent valuation method and a focus on the methodology and collected results was reported. The main findings discussed, in terms of selected treatments, their costs, and the financial and economic analysis of the project, could be useful for administrators, decision-makers and all technicians involved in planning and management of zootechnical farm wastewaters in developing countries, in particular in Latin America.

scholarly journals Putting the Environment Into the NPV Calculation: Quantifying Pipeline Environmental Costs

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn R. Dott ◽  
S. C. Wirasinghe ◽  
Amit Chakma
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Risk Of Rupture ◽  
Evaluation Stage

Pipeline projects impact the environment through soil and habitat disturbance, noise during construction and compressor operation, river crossing disturbance and the risk of rupture. Assigning monetary value to these negative project consequences enables the environment to be represented in the project cost-benefit analysis. This paper presents the mechanics and implications of two environmental valuation techniques: (1) the contingent valuation method and (2) the stated preference method. The use of environmental value at the project economic-evaluation stage is explained. A summary of research done on relevant environmental attribute valuation is presented and discussed. Recommendations for further research in the field are made.

A Contingent Valuation Approach to Measuring the Benefits of Preschool Education

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette M. Escobar ◽  
W. Steven Barnett ◽  
John E. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
State University ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Utah State University ◽  
Valuation Method

It is difficult to quantify and value many of the benefits of education. This paper illustrates the use of contingent valuation to obtain more complete estimates of the economic value of difficult-to-measure benefits of preschool education for handicapped children and presents a general approach for the use of contingent valuation in cost-benefit analysis of educational programs. Data for the illustration were obtained by surveying parents of children with handicapping conditions enrolled in preschool special education programs in Iowa. The survey was conducted jointly by the Department of Economics and the Early Intervention Research Institute at Utah State University. Results indicated that the contingent valuation method produces plausible results which are consistent with basic predictions of economic theory. Implications for policymaking and directions for further research are discussed.

scholarly journals A cost–benefit analysis of implementing urban heat island adaptation measures in small- and medium-sized cities in Austria

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832097468
Author(s):  
Daniel Johnson ◽  
Linda See ◽  
Sandro M Oswald ◽  
Gundula Prokop ◽  
Tamás Krisztin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Adaptation Scenarios ◽  
Green City

Urban heat islands are an increasing concern even in small- to medium-sized cities, although these areas are still understudied especially in terms of the economic feasibility of adaptation options. This paper uses adaptation scenarios produced by an urban climate model as inputs to a social cost–benefit analysis in three small- to medium-sized cities in Austria: Mödling, Klagenfurt, and Salzburg. The adaptation scenarios, which consider measures such as increasing the reflectivity of different sealed surfaces (referred to as the White City scenario) as well as greening measures (i.e. the Green City scenario), show decreases in the number of hot days (Tmax ≥30°C) when implemented. Benefits include reductions in heat-related mortality, which are modeled based on trends of daily mortality and climate data, reduced morbidity, productivity loss, and numerous urban ecosystem services. The results demonstrate favorable benefit–cost ratios of a combination of measures (White and Green City) of 1.27, 1.36, and 2.68 for Mödling, Klagenfurt, and Salzburg, respectively, indicating positive economic grounds for supporting policies in line with the adaptation scenarios. Furthermore, results of the Green City vs. White City showed higher benefits for the combined and Green City scenarios despite higher costs for each of the cities.

scholarly journals The Economic Feasibility of the Valorization of Water Hyacinth for Bioethanol Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zanxin Wang ◽  
Fangyuan Zheng ◽  
Shiya Xue
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions Reduction

One approach to effectively control the rapid expansion of water hyacinth is to use it as a feedstock in producing valuable goods. While it is technically feasible to produce bioethanol using water hyacinth, the economic feasibility of this valorization is yet unknown. This article conducted an ex-ante cost-benefit analysis of the production of bioethanol from water hyacinth. The results show that in comparison with the active control approach of collection and landfill, it is economically feasible to produce bioethanol from the collected biomass. In addition to its contribution to energy diversification, the production of bioethanol using water hyacinth as a feedstock cannot only control the rapid expansion of water hyacinth but can also contribute to carbon emissions reduction and water quality improvement. While the production cost of bioethanol is high, environmental values play an important role in the economic justification of the production. The coupled use of water hyacinth as a phytoremediation plant and bioethanol feedstock is a potential response to green development strategies.

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