scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of Extreme Daily Rainfall Depth in Summer Season on Surface Air Temperature and Dew-Point Temperature

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inkyeong Sim ◽  
Okjeong Lee ◽  
Sangdan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Future Data ◽  
The Relationship

Looking at future data obtained from global climate models, it is expected that future extreme rainfall will increase in many parts of the world. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation provides a physical basis for understanding the sensitivity of rainfall in response to warming, but the relationship between rainfall and temperature is still uncertain. The purpose of this study is to analyze the sensitivity of extreme daily rainfall depth during the summer season (June–September) to climate change in Korea. The relationship between the observed extreme daily rainfall depth and the surface air temperature (SAT) and dew-point temperature (DPT), which were observed in the 60 sites of the Korea Meteorological Administration, were analyzed. The same analysis was also performed using future data provided in various climate models. In addition, the future trends of extreme rainfall, SAT, and DPT were analyzed using future data obtained from climate models, and the effects of increasing SAT and DPT on future extreme rainfall changes were investigated. Finally, it has been confirmed that using changes in SAT and DPT to look at changes in future extreme rainfall can give more consistent future projection results than using future rainfall data directly.

scholarly journals Effect of warming climate on extreme daily rainfall depth using non-stationary Gumbel model with temperature co-variate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okjeong Lee ◽  
Inkyeong Sim ◽  
Sangdan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Scale Parameter ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Gumbel Model ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract In this study, non-stationary frequency analysis was carried out to apply non-stationarity of extreme rainfall driven by climate change using the scale parameter of two parameters of the Gumbel distribution (GUM) as a co-variate function. The surface air temperature (SAT) or dew-point temperature (DPT) is applied as the co-variate. The optimal model was selected by comparing AICs, and 17 of 60 sites were found to be suitable for the non-stationary GUM model. In addition, SAT was chosen as the more appropriate co-variate among 13 of the 17 sites. As a result of estimating changes in design rainfall depth with future SAT rises at 13 sites, it is likely to increase by 10% in 2040 and 18% in 2070.

Evaluation of the relationship between daily extreme precipitation and temperature over Eastern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Precipitation Intensity ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

<p>    In this work, the relationship between daily extreme precipitation and temperature is investigated by using rain gauge precipitation data and corresponding the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive over eastern China during 1998-2012. Eventually, 14 stations are selected to explore the relationship in eastern China (MEC) and southeastern China (SEC). The result shows that daily extreme precipitation intensity increases approximately 7% when near surface temperature increases 1 °C in MEC and SEC, which generally follows Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) rate (CC rate describes the increasing rate of water vapor with temperature). Moreover, the regression slopes for the logarithmic daily extreme precipitation intensity and near surface temperature range from 3% °C<sup>-1</sup> to 9% °C<sup>-1</sup> at the selected stations in MEC and SEC. However, extreme precipitation intensity decreases with near surface temperature when the temperature is higher than 25 °C. That is, the increase of extreme precipitation with near surface temperature performances single peak structure in MEC and SEC. The variation of extreme precipitation and near surface dew point temperature shows the similar pattern in MEC and SEC (The transition dew point temperature is also about 25 °C). Therefore, <strong>it could be deduced that extreme precipitation intensity does not always increase with climate warming in MEC and SEC.</strong> In addition, precipitable water, which corresponds to extreme precipitation event, increases with near surface temperature at CC rate. <strong>It is found that the increase rate of precipitable water with temperature is closer to CC rate than that of extreme precipitation.</strong></p>

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on India

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
J. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Himalayan Glaciers ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

India’s high population density, large spatial and temporal variability in rainfall, and high poverty rates make it particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This chapter provides a baseline of knowledge on evidence and impacts. More frequent episodes of extreme rainfall, longer dry spells, higher sea levels, and heat waves are expected. This will have unpredictable impacts on agriculture and public health. There has been an increase in the national mean surface air temperature and the number of hot days, significant regional variations in rainfall patterns, measurable melting of Himalayan glaciers, and a rise in sea level on both the coasts of the country. High levels of air pollution could exacerbate changes in rainfall patterns. India will need better climate models to predict impacts by state and region, a prerequisite for informed adaptation policy.

scholarly journals Relationship between Surface Temperature and Extreme Rainfalls: A Multi-Time-Scale and Event-Based Analysis*

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1999-2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérémy Panthou ◽  
Alain Mailhot ◽  
Edward Laurence ◽  
Guillaume Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Dewpoint Temperature ◽  
Hourly Rainfall ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Recent studies have examined the relationship between the intensity of extreme rainfall and temperature. Two main reasons justify this interest. First, the moisture-holding capacity of the atmosphere is governed by the Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) equation. Second, the temperature dependence of extreme-intensity rainfalls should follow a similar relationship assuming relative humidity remains constant and extreme rainfalls are driven by the actual water content of the atmosphere. The relationship between extreme rainfall intensity and air temperature (Pextr–Ta) was assessed by analyzing maximum daily rainfall intensities for durations ranging from 5 min to 12 h for more than 100 meteorological stations across Canada. Different factors that could influence this relationship have been analyzed. It appears that the duration and the climatic region have a strong influence on this relationship. For short durations, the Pextr–Ta relationship is close to the CC scaling for coastal regions while a super-CC scaling followed by an upper limit is observed for inland regions. As the duration increases, the slope of the relationship Pextr–Ta decreases for all regions. The shape of the Pextr–Ta curve is not sensitive to the percentile or season. Complementary analyses have been carried out to understand the departures from the expected Clausius–Clapeyron scaling. The relationship between dewpoint temperature and extreme rainfall intensity shows that the relative humidity is a limiting factor for inland regions, but not for coastal regions. Using hourly rainfall series, an event-based analysis is proposed in order to understand other deviations (super-CC, sub-CC, and monotonic decrease). The analyses suggest that the observed scaling is primarily due to the rainfall event dynamic.

scholarly journals Using Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and Dew-Point Temperature to Characterize Rainfall-Extreme Events in the South-Central Andes

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Maryam Ramezani Ziarani ◽  
Bodo Bookhagen ◽  
Torsten Schmidt ◽  
Jens Wickert ◽  
Alejandro de la Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
South Central ◽  
Topographic Gradients

The interactions between atmosphere and steep topography in the eastern south–central Andes result in complex relations with inhomogenous rainfall distributions. The atmospheric conditions leading to deep convection and extreme rainfall and their spatial patterns—both at the valley and mountain-belt scales—are not well understood. In this study, we aim to identify the dominant atmospheric conditions and their spatial variability by analyzing the convective available potential energy (CAPE) and dew-point temperature ( T d ). We explain the crucial effect of temperature on extreme rainfall generation along the steep climatic and topographic gradients in the NW Argentine Andes stretching from the low-elevation eastern foreland to the high-elevation central Andean Plateau in the west. Our analysis relies on version 2.0 of the ECMWF’s (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) Re-Analysis (ERA-interim) data and TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) data. We make the following key observations: First, we observe distinctive gradients along and across strike of the Andes in dew-point temperature and CAPE that both control rainfall distributions. Second, we identify a nonlinear correlation between rainfall and a combination of dew-point temperature and CAPE through a multivariable regression analysis. The correlation changes in space along the climatic and topographic gradients and helps to explain controlling factors for extreme-rainfall generation. Third, we observe more contribution (or higher importance) of T d in the tropical low-elevation foreland and intermediate-elevation areas as compared to the high-elevation central Andean Plateau for 90th percentile rainfall. In contrast, we observe a higher contribution of CAPE in the intermediate-elevation area between low and high elevation, especially in the transition zone between the tropical and subtropical areas for the 90th percentile rainfall. Fourth, we find that the parameters of the multivariable regression using CAPE and T d can explain rainfall with higher statistical significance for the 90th percentile compared to lower rainfall percentiles. Based on our results, the spatial pattern of rainfall-extreme events during the past ∼16 years can be described by a combination of dew-point temperature and CAPE in the south–central Andes.

Study on Evaluation Index of Cold Insulation Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 1201-1204
Author(s):  
Hai Qian Zhao ◽  
Zhong Hua Wang ◽  
Xiao Yan Liu ◽  
Zhi Guo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insulation Performance

The outer surface temperature of cold insulation structure must be higher than air dew point temperature is stipulated in national standard.But the outer surface temperature of cold insulation structure and air dew point temperature normally wave in a certain range with the change of environmental parameters. In Practical application, it is difficult to determine the relationship between these two temperatures. Functional relationship between the outer temperature, air dew point temperature and environmental temperature or humidity is fitted.The influence of the air temperature and humidity is analyzed. Some suggestions about design and evaluation index of cold insulation are offered based on this research.

A simple and valid method to determine thermoregulatory sweating threshold and sensitivity

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel N. Cheuvront ◽  
Shawn E. Bearden ◽  
Robert W. Kenefick ◽  
Brett R. Ely ◽  
David W. DeGroot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sweating Threshold

Sweating threshold temperature and sweating sensitivity responses are measured to evaluate thermoregulatory control. However, analytic approaches vary, and no standardized methodology has been validated. This study validated a simple and standardized method, segmented linear regression (SReg), for determination of sweating threshold temperature and sensitivity. Archived data were extracted for analysis from studies in which local arm sweat rate (ṁsw; ventilated dew-point temperature sensor) and esophageal temperature (Tes) were measured under a variety of conditions. The relationship ṁsw/Tes from 16 experiments was analyzed by seven experienced raters (Rater), using a variety of empirical methods, and compared against SReg for the determination of sweating threshold temperature and sweating sensitivity values. Individual interrater differences ( n = 324 comparisons) and differences between Rater and SReg ( n = 110 comparisons) were evaluated within the context of biologically important limits of magnitude (LOM) via a modified Bland-Altman approach. The average Rater and SReg outputs for threshold temperature and sensitivity were compared ( n = 16) using inferential statistics. Rater employed a very diverse set of criteria to determine the sweating threshold temperature and sweating sensitivity for the 16 data sets, but interrater differences were within the LOM for 95% (threshold) and 73% (sensitivity) of observations, respectively. Differences between mean Rater and SReg were within the LOM 90% (threshold) and 83% (sensitivity) of the time, respectively. Rater and SReg were not different by conventional t-test ( P > 0.05). SReg provides a simple, valid, and standardized way to determine sweating threshold temperature and sweating sensitivity values for thermoregulatory studies.

Observed and Projected Scaling of Daily Extreme Precipitation with Dew Point Temperature at Annual and Seasonal Scales across the Northeast United Sates

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Extreme Value Analysis ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Dew Point Temperature

Abstract This study investigates how extreme precipitation scales with dew point temperature across the Northeast U.S., both in the observational record (1948-2020) and in a set of downscaled climate projections in the state of Massachusetts (2006-2099). Spatiotemporal relationships between dew point temperature and extreme precipitation are assessed, and extreme precipitation – temperature scaling rates are evaluated on annual and seasonal scales using non-stationary extreme value analysis for annual maxima and partial duration series, respectively. A hierarchical Bayesian model is then developed to partially pool data across sites and estimate regional scaling rates, with uncertainty. Based on the observations, the estimated annual scaling rate is 5.5% per °C, but this varies by season, with most non-zero scaling rates in summer and fall and the largest rates (∼7.3% per °C) in the summer. Dew point temperatures and extreme precipitation also exhibit the most consistent regional relationships in the summer and fall. Downscaled climate projections exhibited different scaling rates compared to the observations, ranging between -2.5 and 6.2% per °C at an annual scale. These scaling rates are related to the consistency between trends in projected precipitation and dew point temperature over the 21st century. At the seasonal scale, climate models project larger scaling rates for the winter compared to the observations (1.6% per °C). Overall, the observations suggest that extreme daily precipitation in the Northeast U.S. only thermodynamic scales with dew point temperature in the warm season, but climate projections indicate some degree of scaling is possible in the cold season under warming.

scholarly journals GSDR: A Global Sub-Daily Rainfall Dataset

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 4715-4729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lewis ◽  
Hayley Fowler ◽  
Lisa Alexander ◽  
Robert Dunn ◽  
Fergus McClean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Record Length ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
Form Quality

Abstract Extreme short-duration rainfall can cause devastating flooding that puts lives, infrastructure, and natural ecosystems at risk. It is therefore essential to understand how this type of extreme rainfall will change in a warmer world. A significant barrier to answering this question is the lack of sub-daily rainfall data available at the global scale. To this end, a global sub-daily rainfall dataset based on gauged observations has been collated. The dataset is highly variable in its spatial coverage, record length, completeness and, in its raw form, quality. This presents significant difficulties for many types of analyses. The dataset currently comprises 23 687 gauges with an average record length of 13 years. Apart from a few exceptions, the earliest records begin in the 1950s. The Global Sub-Daily Rainfall Dataset (GSDR) has wide applications, including improving our understanding of the nature and drivers of sub-daily rainfall extremes, improving and validating of high-resolution climate models, and developing a high-resolution gridded sub-daily rainfall dataset of indices.

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