scholarly journals Recharge Impulse Spreading in Western Carpathian’s Mountainous Fissure–Karst Aquifer

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malík ◽  
Coplák ◽  
Kuvik ◽  
Švasta
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Groundwater Flux

: Foreseen construction of a highway tunnel in the northern part of the Veľká Fatra Mts. (Slovakia) triggered the need for extensive hydrogeological investigations. The projected tunnel axis would cut through a large body buildup of Middle Triassic carbonate rocks. Dolomites and limestones with fissure–karstic permeability are surrounded by less-permeable marls, so that all springs dewatering this uplifted plate of carbonates are found above the erosion base on its edges. Detailed, hourly-based discharge monitoring of all four major springs was performed during the spring and summer period of 2014. In the meantime, groundwater table observations in two boreholes, located in the center of the fissure–karst aquifer, were run in the same time interval. Based on air temperature and precipitation records, the 2013–2014 winter period was practically without snow cover. In the middle of March 2014, an intense rainfall event caused a sudden rise of the groundwater table in the TK-04 borehole located in the southern part of the carbonate plate. Spreading of this singular hydraulic impulse throughout the structure was differently registered at individual springs within the time shift span of 1.38 to 65.25 days. Groundwater level rise of 0.40 m in the TK-04 borehole was postponed in 5.33 days. The response time of spring discharge to sudden groundwater table rise within the structure occurred later at springs with a higher water temperature. Water temperature differences between individual springs were still within the 2.46 °C narrow interval (5.57–8.03 °C). The vertical component of groundwater flux should play an important role even in a relatively simple, plate-shaped mountainous karstic aquifer fully uplifted above the erosional base, as was the case of the investigated Kopa Mt. hydrogeological structure.

scholarly journals Long-term evolution of coronal holes on the Sun and occurrence frequencies of magnetic storms with gradual commencements

2021 ◽  
Vol 2103 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
S Veretenenko ◽  
M Ogurtsov ◽  
V Obridko ◽  
A Tlatov
Keyword(s):  
Coronal Holes ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Magnetic Storms ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Sunspot Numbers ◽  
Term Evolution

Abstract Long-term evolution of areas with open configuration of magnetic field (coronal holes) on the Sun reconstructed on the basis of H-alpha synoptic charts for the period 1887-2016 was studied and compared with annual occurrence frequencies of magnetic storms with gradual (GC) commencements. It was found that correlation between yearly values of coronal hole (CH) areas and sunspot numbers with no time shift is negative and not strong, but increases up to ∼0.6-0.7 when CH areas are delayed by 4-5 years relative to sunspot numbers. Temporal variations of CH areas in the Northern and Southern hemispheres are characterized by dominant ∼11-year periodicities; however, they differ significantly on the multidecadal time scale. The wavelet spectra of CH areas in the Southern hemisphere, unlike those in the Northern one, reveal persistent periodicities of ∼30-35 years on the studied time interval. Similar periodicities of ∼30-35 years are observed in annual occurrences of GC magnetic storms which are caused by high-speed streams of solar wind from coronal holes. The results of cross wavelet analysis of annual occurrence frequencies of GC magnetic storms and areas of coronal holes revealed common periodicities ∼11, ∼35 and ∼60 years which confirmed a close link of these storms with the evolution of large-scale magnetic fields on the Sun.

scholarly journals Enhanced Characterization of the Krania–Elassona Structure and Functioning Allogenic Karst Aquifer in Central Greece

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Manakos ◽  
Maria Ntona ◽  
Nerantzis Kazakis ◽  
Konstantinos Chalikakis
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Central Greece

The present study highlights the importance of geological, hydrogeological, and hydrogeochemical characterization of a karst aquifer in building a conceptual model of the system. The karst system of Krania–Elassona in central Greece was chosen for this application. Hydrogeological research included geological mapping and hydrogeological analysis. Additionally, hydrochemical analysis of water samples was performed in boreholes, rivers, and the system’s main spring. The Krania–Elassona aquifer consists of three horizons of marbles and is characterized by mature karstification. The karst aquifer is characterized by allogenic recharge mainly from the River Deskatis that accounts for up to 92% of the total flow. Groundwater and spring water are generally characterized as good quality and are suitable for irrigation and domestic use. The water type of the spring water is classified as Mg-HCO3. The application of a SARIMA (Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model) model verified the conceptual model and successfully simulated spring discharge for a two-year period. The results of this study highlight the importance of basic hydrogeological research and the initial conceptualization of karst systems in reliably assessing groundwater vulnerability and modeling.

scholarly journals Multiscale Analysis of DInSAR Measurements for Multi-Source Investigation at Uturuncu Volcano (Bolivia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Barone ◽  
Maurizio Fedi ◽  
Pietro Tizzani ◽  
Raffaele Castaldo
Keyword(s):  
Multiscale Analysis ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Magma Body ◽  
Deep Source ◽  
Good Agreement

Uturuncu volcano (southwestern Bolivia) is localized within one of the largest updoming volcanic zones, the Altiplano Puna Volcanic Complex (APVC). In several geodetic studies the observed uplift phenomenon is analyzed and modeled by considering a deep source, related to the Altiplano Puna Magma Body (APMB). In this framework, we perform a multiscale analysis on the 2003–2010 ENVISAT satellite data to investigate the existence of a multi-source scenario for this region. The proposed analysis is based on Cross-correlation and Multiridge method, pointing out the spatial and temporal multiscale properties of the deformation field. In particular, we analyze the vertical component of ground deformation during two time interval: within the 2005–2008 time interval an inflating source at 18.7 km depth beneath the central zone of the APVC is retrieved; this result is in good agreement with those proposed by several authors for the APMB. Between August 2006 and February 2007, we identify a further inflating source at 4.5 km depth, beneath Uturuncu volcano; the existence of this latter, located just below the 2009–2010 seismic swarm, is supported by petrological, geochemical, and geophysical evidence, indicating as a possible interpretative scenario the action of shallow, temporarily trapped fluids.

MR Measurement of Pulse Wave Velocity in the Spinal Canal

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryn A. Martin ◽  
Francis Loth ◽  
Wojciech Kalata ◽  
John N. Oshinski
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Velocity Measurements

Non-invasive measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system is of interest as a potential indicator of subarachnoid space pressure and compliance, both of which play a role in the development of craniospinal diseases. However, measurement of PWV has eluded researchers primarily due to either a lack of access to CSF velocity measurements or to poor temporal resolution. Here, we present PWV measurements using a novel MR technique that acquires unsteady velocity measurements during the cardiac cycle with a time interval <10 ms. Axial CSF velocity measurements were obtained in the sagittal plane of the cervical spinal region on three patients without cranio-spinal disorders. PWV was estimated by using the time shift identified by the maximum temporal velocity gradient during the cardiac cycle. Based on the maximum velocity gradient, the mean PWV in the three cases was calculated to be 4.6 m/s (stdev 1.7 m/s, p<0.005) during systolic acceleration. The measurements of PWV agree with previously published values.

The potential for facilitating spring discharge from continental climate waste stabilisation ponds by carry-over of treated wastewater: concepts and experimental findings

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Whalley ◽  
L.N. Pak ◽  
S. Heaven
Keyword(s):  
Operating Regime ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Continental Climate

The research investigated some factors influencing the rate of stabilisation of wastewater in the spring period in continental climate waste stabilisation ponds, and in particular the potential for bringing forward the discharge date by optimising storage capacity and dilution. Experiments using pilot and model-scale ponds were set up in Almaty, Kazakhstan. These simulated operating regimes for a facultative and storage/maturation pond system subject to ice cover from late November until late March. Two pilot-scale facultative ponds were operated at hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 20 and 30 days, with surface loading rates of 100 and 67 kg BOD ha−1 day−1. Effluent from the 20-day HRT facultative pond was then fed to two pilot-scale storage/maturation ponds which had been partially emptied and allowed to refill over the winter period with no removal of effluent. The paper discusses the results of the experiments with respect to selection of an operating regime to make treated wastewater available early in the spring. Preliminary results indicate that there may be potential for alternative operating protocols designed to maximise their performance and economic potential.

scholarly journals Overview of the Chemical and Isotopic Investigations of the Mareza Springs and the Zeta River in Montenegro

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Katarina Živković ◽  
Milan Radulović ◽  
Sonja Lojen ◽  
Mira Pucarević
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Stable Isotopic

The Mareza karst aquifer is the most important drinking water resource for the water supply system of the City of Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro. This study presents the first assessment for the determination of the Mareza catchment area. Water chemistry and stable isotopic composition (δ18O and δ2H) of monthly precipitation samples (as inputs) are presented, in order to determine the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) for the study area, and to analyze the behavior of the karst spring Mareza (as output) and the Zeta River water. The possible impact of the river on the Mareza springs was also investigated. Stable isotope compositions were used to analyze the origin of the four springs of the Mareza aquifer. Seasonal variations of δ18O and δ2H values and deuterium excess (d excess) changes in precipitation are explained by the mixing of air masses, such that a Mediterranean source prevails in the winter period, while in the summer period, the area is rather under the influence of air mass originating from the Atlantic Ocean. All spring water samples have lower δ values than the local precipitation and they plot above the LMWL, which may indicate recharge at a higher altitude in the distant mountainous area. The d excess values of all water samples (higher than 10‰) indicate the prevalence of the Mediterranean as a moisture source. Based on the analysis of the seasonal variations of δ18O and δ2H in precipitation and the Mareza spring, it has been estimated that the groundwater mean transit time (MTT) is 92–129 days, and that the young water fraction (Fyw) amounts to 40.9%–53.3%. These values are typical for the strong karstic springs of highly karstified terrains.

Effect of larval body size on overwinter survival and emerging adult size in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus investigator

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1588-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary J Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Overwinter Survival

Body size may influence both adult fecundity and the probability of survival through each life stage. Previous studies of burying beetles (Nicrophorus, Coleoptera: Silphidae) have revealed reproductive advantages for larger adults and the role of parental care in determining larval size and number. In this study I measure the effect of size on survival over the winter period and the correlation between larval size and the size of emerging adults. I collected data from 24 groups of 20–25 larvae sorted by size and overwintered outside under natural conditions in Colorado, U.S.A. There was a significant positive correlation between larval size and adult size at emergence and a significant effect of size on overwinter survival. Data from 2 years yielded the following mean survival rates: small, 47.3 ± 1.0%; medium, 73.2 ± 0.7%; large, 85.7 ± 0.4%. These values were then used to accurately predict adult emergence from broods of larvae whose range of size was measured prior to the overwinter period. The results indicate that selection for large body size may result from an overwinter survival advantage and not just from reproductive success. This has implications for fitness models of parental care and models of population dynamics.

scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Methods for the Characterization of Karst Springs (case study: Lorestan province, Zagros Mountain, Iran)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Geravand ◽  
Seiyed Mossa Hosseini ◽  
Mehran Maghsoudi ◽  
Mojtaba Yamani
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Karst Aquifers ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Karst Springs

Abstract Karst groundwater resources in the Zagros Mountains are vital for supplying of different demands in the region which need to sustainable management and protection. Quantitative and qualitative characterization of karst aquifers in this region were understudied due to lack of site-specific logging-data and speleological investigations. In this study, a state-of-the-art of the statistical methods developed to characterize karst aquifer based on analyses of the spring recession hydrograph and spring water quality are presented. These methods including Manging’s method for classification of karst aquifers, relationships of precipitation and discharge data, groundwater quality index (GQI), hydrochemical diagrams (Piper, Durov and Gibbs), and Saturation index (SI), Chloro-Alkaline indices (CAI). 42 major karst springs mainly located in folded part of Zagros region (western Iran) are selected for application of the reviewed methods. Results indicated that the saturated zone exerts almost main control over the discharge of 76% of the studied springs. The base-flow contributes as between 80.0% to 100% of total water storage in the study aquifers. 78.5% of the studied aquifers have a high karstification degree. An insignificant lag-time is observed between the precipitation on the karst basin and spring discharge. The hydrochemical diagrams show that the waters are dominated by HCO3 and Ca and the majority of the waters are alkaline, with originate from silicate minerals weathering. Such repeatable methods adopted in this study can provide crucial information of the karst aquifers, especially those suffer scarcity of aquifer hydrodynamic data.

scholarly journals Frost risk indicator analysis in Sopron wine region (1961–2016)

Időjárás ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-462
Author(s):  
Tamás Füzi ◽  
Márta Ladányi
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Regeneration Period ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Frost Period ◽  
Frost Free Period ◽  
Wine Region

A characteristic symptom of climate change is the modified distribution of frost events that has fundamental effect on agricultural production. To learn these changes in Sopron region, Hungary, we investigated daily minimum and maximum temperature data of the period 1961–2016 provided by the Hungarian Meteorological Service. The time interval 1961–2016 was split into two (1961–1990 and 1991–2016) in order to compare nearly two climate cycles statistically. We analyzed the 56-year trends of the last frosty day of spring and the first frosty day of autumn as well as the length of the longest yearly frost-free period. As for the winter period (October 16 – February 28), the frequencies of four different strengths of frosty days were examined. We analyzed how often an uninterrupted frost-free period (Tmin>0 °C) longer than 12 days developed between two frosty periods in spring and in autumn, exactly when it occurred (Julian day), and how many days it lasted for. Finally, we investigated the trends of the yearly numbers of spring frosty days and their variances. Amongst others, we show that the length of the longest uninterrupted frost-free periods has increased significantly over the past 56 years, with 70% of years in the recent climate cycle (1991–2016) having frost-free periods of more than 200 days. As an average change per 10 years, the last spring frost period ended four days earlier, while the onset of autumn frost shifted 2 days towards the end of the year. The number of days with minimum temperatures below -15 °C, -10 °C, -5 °C, and below 0 °C decreased significantly during the dormant period. These changes mean a prolongation of the growing season, partly a reduction of the winter regeneration period, and the potential higher overwintering success of the pests. The number of spring frost days also decreased significantly, while their variability has grown markedly.

scholarly journals Modeling the influence of magnetospheric heat fluxes on the electron temperature in the subauroral ionosphere

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Артем Гололобов ◽  
Artem Gololobov ◽  
Иннокентий Голиков ◽  
Innokentiy Golikov ◽  
Илья Варламов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
F Region ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Heat Inflow

We present results of modeling of the electron temperature distribution in the F region of the subauroral ionosphere for different helio-geomagnetic conditions with consideration for magnetospheric heat fluxes. It is shown that under quiet geomagnetic condi-tions during a winter period in the dawn and dusk sec-tors “hot” zones with a higher electron temperature are formed, and under disturbed geomagnetic conditions an annular “hot” region is formed in a time interval 04–06 UT as a result of heat inflow from Earth’s magnetosphere along magnetic field lines. The analysis of the DE-2 satellite data demonstrates that such zones can be formed during geomagnetic disturbances.

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