scholarly journals Assessment of Anthropogenic Impact versus Climate Change on the Succession of the Diatom Community in Lugu Lake (Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China) Using the Sedimentary Record of Geochemical Elements

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Chuanhong Chen ◽  
Shao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Diatom Community ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Lugu Lake ◽  
Guizhou Plateau

The lake ecosystems on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in China have degraded in recent decades under the effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change. The human impact on the oligotrophic Lugu Lake aquatic ecosystem was evaluated using the sediment records of metals, nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) and magnetic susceptibility over the past 200 years. Three periods were identified based on the trace metal and δ15N records. During the first stage (1816–1976 AD), the concentrations of metals, δ15N and magnetic susceptibility were low with small variations. The anthropogenic contributions to the inputs were also small, except for Ni, reflecting minor human activities in the watershed, and no significant change was observed in the sediment record of the diatom assemblage. During the second stage (1976–2001 AD), the concentrations of Zn and δ15N increased, as well as the anthropogenic contribution of Zn. However, no significant change was detected in the anthropogenic sources of the other metals. These results reflect the low-level use of chemical fertilizers. The major shift in the sediment diatom assemblage during this stage was mainly attributed to regional climate change. During the third stage (2001–2010 AD), the concentrations of the sedimentary metals (Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, Hg and Al) increased rapidly, with the exception of As and Zn, and a similar increasing trend was observed in the changes by anthropogenic sources of Ni, Cr, Mn and Cu. RDA (Redundancy Analysis) and variance partitioning analysis showed that the human impact and climate proxies independently explained 31.59% and 4.26% of the change of diatom community, respectively, and the interaction between climate change and human impact accounted for 18.61% of the change of diatom community. Tourism-dominated human activities, which were reflected in the metals profiles, facilitated the dominance of eutrophic species and reduced that of oligotrophic species. The development of tourism was likely the main driving force for the succession of diatom assemblages in the third stage. In summary, the anthropogenic input of trace metals in Lugu Lake is still at a low level. However, the significant growth trend in metals over the past decade is significantly related to the change in the lake ecosystem. Therefore, the effects of human activities, especially tourism, on the watershed should be controlled for the protection of the oligotrophic Lugu Lake.

Response of diatom community in Lugu Lake (Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, China) to climate change over the past century

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanhong Chen ◽  
Liangyuan Zhao ◽  
Chi Zhu ◽  
Jingzhong Wang ◽  
Jinhui Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Diatom Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lugu Lake ◽  
Guizhou Plateau

Effects of human activities and climate change on the reduction of visibility in Beijing over the past 36 years

2018 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuwu Chen ◽  
Xiaodong Li ◽  
Xingzhong Yuan ◽  
Guangming Zeng ◽  
Jie Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
The Past

The impact of climate change and human activities on the Aral Sea Basin over the past 50 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 105125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanxuan Wang ◽  
Yaning Chen ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Gonghuan Fang ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Aral Sea Basin ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Small peatland with a big story: 600-year paleoecological and historical data from a kettle-hole peatland in Western Russia

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110332
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Mroczkowska ◽  
Piotr Kittel ◽  
Katarzyna Marcisz ◽  
Ekaterina Dolbunova ◽  
Emilie Gauthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kettle Hole ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Peatlands are important records of past environmental changes. Based on a multiproxy analysis, the main factors influencing the evolution of a peatland can be divided into autogenic and allogenic. Among the important allogenic factors, apart from climate change, are deforestation and drainage, which are directly associated with human impact. Numerous consequences arise from these processes, the most important of which are physical and chemical denudation in the catchment and the related hydrological disturbances in the catchment and peatland. The present study determined how human activities and the past climatic variability mutually influenced the development of a small peatland ecosystem. The main goals of the study were: (1) to trace the local changes of the peatland history over the past 600 years, (2) to investigate their relationship with changes in regional hydroclimate patterns, and (3) to estimate the sensitivity of a small peatland to natural and human impact. Our reconstructions were based on a multiproxy analysis, including the analysis of pollen, macrofossils, Chironomidae, Cladocera, and testate amoebae. Our results showed that, depending on the changes in water level, the history of peatland can be divided into three phases as follows: 1/the phase of stable natural conditions, 2/phase of weak changes, and 3/phase of significant changes in the catchment. Additionally, to better understand the importance of the size of catchment and the size of the depositional basin in the evolution of the studied peatland ecosystem, we compared data from two peatlands – large and small – located close to each other. The results of our study indicated that “size matters,” and that larger peatlands are much more resilient and resistant to rapid changes occurring in the direct catchment due to human activities, whereas small peatlands are more sensitive and perfect as archives of environmental changes.

scholarly journals Hypodermosis in Northern Serbia (Vojvodina)

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Becskei ◽  
Tamara Ilić ◽  
Nataša Pavlićević ◽  
Ferenc Kiskároly ◽  
Tamaš Petrović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Region ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Therapeutic Treatment ◽  
Morphological Characterisation ◽  
Documented Case ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Third Stage

AbstractThis paper describes the first documented case of cattle grub (hypodermosis) in Northern Serbia (Vojvodina). Subcutaneous warbles were determined in a si x year old Simmental cow, at nine places along the spine. After the extirpation of larvae, based on the morphological characterisation, larvae of the third stage of Hypoderma bovis were diagnosed. The cow was administered therapeutic treatment, which had a favorable outcome, with no signs of recurrence. To the authors’ best knowledge, the case described in this paper is the first documented case of hypodermosis in cattle in Northern Serbia (Vojvodina). As the climate changed in the past few decades, it is important to pursue detailed investigations of the prevalence of this parasitic myiasis, as there are few such literature data for the Southern region of Serbia. One should also not ignore the fact that species of the genus Hypoderma can cause myiasis in humans as well.

scholarly journals Suite by A. Beloshitsky “From the Depths of Centuries” in dialogue with the genre tradition of national-historical ballads

2021 ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Ольга Викторовна Бегичева ◽  
Александр Васильевич Солянкин
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Invariant Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Genre Identification ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
First Time

Рассматривается эволюция романтической баллады в баянном искусстве. Впервые обозначены три стадии ее жанровой эволюции. В качестве материала анализа избрана сюита для готово-выборного баяна А. Белошицкого «Из глубины веков». Цель исследования - атрибуция жанрово-балладных элементов в названном произведении. Использованы методы теоретической поэтики, целостного и жанрового музыковедческого анализа. В задачи работы входит установление соотношений между балладной моделью-инвариантом и ее реализацией в названном опусе, для чего даны критерии жанровой идентификации национально-исторической баллады. К ним относятся жанровый код - «Человек и историческая трагедия народа», генеральная интонация жанра - Nordic sublime, балладные персонажи - бард, воин и возлюбленная - и канонический мотивный тезаурус, лежащий в основе ее композиционно-драматургической модели. Делается вывод, что движение от баллады к балладности в сюите соответствует третьей стадии жанровой эволюции, связанной с разрушением «твердой жанровой формы», а ее реактуализация в ХХ веке способна выступить инструментом мифологизации прошлого. This work examines the evolution of romantic ballad in accordion art. For the first time, three stages of its genre evolution are identified. A suite for the converter accordion by A.Beloshitsky “From the Depths of Centuries” was chosen as the analysis material. The purpose of the article is to attribute genre-ballad elements in the named work. Methods of theoretical poetics, holistic and genre musicological analysis were used. The tasks of the work include establishing relationships between the ballad invariant model and its implementation in the named opus, for which the criteria for genre identification of a national-historical ballad are given. These include the genre code - «Man and the historical tragedy of the people», the general intonation of the genre - Nordic sublime, ballad characters - bard, warrior and beloved and canonical motive thesaurus, which underlies its composition and drama model. It is concluded that the movement from ballad to balladness in suite corresponds to the third stage of genre evolution associated with the destruction of the “true genre form” and its reactualization in the twentieth century is able to act as an instrument for the mythologization of the past.

scholarly journals REMOTELY-SENSED URBAN WET-LANDSCAPES: AN INDICATOR OF COUPLED EFFECTS OF HUMAN IMPACT AND CLIMATE CHANGE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 915-918
Author(s):  
Wei Ji
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precipitation Variation ◽  
Traditional Image

This study proposes the concept of urban wet-landscapes (loosely-defined wetlands) as against dry-landscapes (mainly impervious surfaces). The study is to examine whether the dynamics of urban wet-landscapes is a sensitive indicator of the coupled effects of the two major driving forces of urban landscape change – human built-up impact and climate (precipitation) variation. Using a series of satellite images, the study was conducted in the Kansas City metropolitan area of the United States. A rule-based classification algorithm was developed to identify fine-scale, hidden wetlands that could not be appropriately detected based on their spectral differentiability by a traditional image classification. The spatial analyses of wetland changes were implemented at the scales of metropolitan, watershed, and sub-watershed as well as based on the size of surface water bodies in order to reveal urban wetland change trends in relation to the driving forces. The study identified that wet-landscape dynamics varied in trend and magnitude from the metropolitan, watersheds, to sub-watersheds. The study also found that increased precipitation in the region in the past decades swelled larger wetlands in particular while smaller wetlands decreased mainly due to human development activities. These findings suggest that wet-landscapes, as against the dry-landscapes, can be a more effective indicator of the coupled effects of human impact and climate change.

scholarly journals Changes in atmospheric aerosol loading retrieved from space based measurements during the past decade

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 26001-26041 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yoon ◽  
J. P. Burrows ◽  
M. Vountas ◽  
W. von Hoyningen-Huene ◽  
D. Y. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
The Past

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol, generated from natural and anthropogenic sources, plays a key role in regulating visibility, air quality, and acid deposition. It is directly linked to and impacts on human health. It also reflects and absorbs incoming solar radiation and thereby influences the climate change. The cooling by aerosols is now recognized to have partly masked the atmospheric warming from fossil fuel combustion emissions. The role and potential management of short-lived climate pollutants such as aerosol are currently a topic of much scientific and public debate. Our limited knowledge of atmospheric aerosol and its influence on the Earth's radiation balance has a significant impact on the accuracy and error of current predictions of the future global climate change. In the past decades, environmental legislation in industrialized countries has begun to limit the release of anthropogenic pollutants. In contrast, in Asia as a result of the recent rapid economic development, emissions from industry and traffic have increased dramatically. In this study, the temporal changes/trends of atmospheric aerosols, derived from the satellite instruments MODIS (on board Terra and Aqua), MISR (Terra), and SeaWiFS (OrbView-2) during the past decade, are investigated. Whilst the aerosol optical thickness, AOT, over Western Europe decreases (i.e. by up to about −40% from 2003 to 2008) and parts of North America, a statistically significant increase (about +34% in the same period) over East China is observed and attributed to both the increase in industrial output and the Asian desert dust.

The Bakerian Lecture, 1991 The predictability of weather and climate

1991 ◽  
Vol 337 (1648) ◽  
pp. 521-572 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Milankovitch Cycles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Sst Anomalies

There is large public and political interest in the predictability of weather and climate, in particular in the influence of human activities on the likely climate change during the next century. Numerical models are the main tools which enable the nonlinear processes involved in the dynamics and physics of the atmosphere and other components of the climate system to be integrated in an effective way. The performance of such models used for weather forecasting has continued to improve as more accurate data with better coverage has become available, as improved descriptions of the physics and dynamics have been incorporated and as computing capacity and speed have increased. Studies of the predictability with models suggest that with further improvements in data and models deterministic forecasting of detailed weather may ultimately have useful skill up to 2-3 weeks ahead. Beyond the limit of deterministic forecasting, some skill remains for the forecasting of general weather patterns which can be pursued by studying ensembles of model forecasts from slightly varying initial conditions. The largest difficulty with further improvements of numerical models lies in their inadequate treatment of the motions too small to be explicitly resolved. Interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean are responsible for substantial variations on seasonal, interannual and longer timescales. Forecasts are being provided of seasonal precipitation in the Sahel region of Africa based on a knowledge of global sea surface tem perature (SST) anomalies together with the assumption that such anomalies tend to persist from one season to the next. Attempts to forecast SST anomalies have centred on tropical regions in particular on the El Nino. Simple models show some skill in forecasting El Nino events 3-9 months in advance. Studies with more elaborate models which as yet only show partial success in simulating these events demonstrate the complex nature of the interactions involved. Turning to the likely changes in climate next century: if no changes occur in the atmosphere other than the increase in C0 2 and other greenhouse gases due to human activities, the increase in radiative forcing due to a doubling of atmospheric C0 2 concentration would lead to an increase of about 1.2 °C in global average temperature. Water vapour and ice-albedo feedbacks raise this to a figure of about 2.5 °C (with an uncertainty range of 1.5—4.5 °C) as estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change. Such a change would dominate over forcing likely to arise from other factors, and this estim ated rate of change next century is probably greater than any which has occurred on earth during the past 10000 years. The main uncertainties in climate change predictions arise from the inadequacies of the models in their descriptions of cloud-radiation and ocean circulation feedbacks. Until there is more confidence in the treatment of these feedbacks there are bound to be large uncertainties associated with any predictions of regional climate change. To reduce the uncertainties there need to be improvements in computer power, in model formulation and in our understanding of climate processes together with a large programme of observations of climate parameters to provide early detection of climate change and to provide validation of climate models and to provide data for initialization of model integrations. An important question is whether changes in climate due to changes in radiative forcing are predictable. It is pointed out that the response to climate over the past half million years to changes in forcing due to the variations in the Earth ’s orbit (Milankovitch cycles) is a regular one; some 60% of variations in the global temperature as established from the palaeontological record occur near frequencies of the Milankovitch cycles. We can, therefore, expect the changes in climate due to increasing greenhouse gases to be a largely predictable response. Large, but probably predictable, changes in the circulation of the deep ocean have modified climate change during past epochs and could have significant influence on future climate change.

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