scholarly journals Evaporation and Soil Surface Resistance of the Water Storage Pit Irrigation Trees in the Loess Plateau

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Meng ◽  
Xihuan Sun ◽  
Juanjuan Ma ◽  
Xianghong Guo ◽  
Lijian Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Resistance ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Surface Evaporation ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Quantitative Calculations

As an important step for formulating a water-saving agricultural strategy, it is essential to make quantitative calculations for orchard soil evaporation and confirm its inner mechanism, so as to reduce ineffective water consumption and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources. To reveal the effect of water storage pits under water storage pit irrigation conditions in orchard soil evaporation, micro-lysimeters were used to measure the soil evaporation in two different forms (soil surface evaporation and pit wall evaporation) under diverse irrigation systems using water storage pit irrigation in the apple growth period of 2018. To calculate the orchard soil evaporation of water storage pit irrigation, the pit irrigation coefficient was introduced and a model was constructed. To illustrate the inner mechanism of orchard soil evaporation, the soil surface resistance under water storage pit irrigation conditions was analyzed and calculated quantitatively. The results show that: (1) introducing the pit irrigation coefficient can boost the calculation precision of the orchard soil evaporation under water storage pit irrigation conditions; (2) when applying the soil evaporation of the water storage pit irrigation model for calculation of the orchard soil evaporation, R 2 can reach 0.92; and (3) the mechanisms of the two orchard soil evaporation forms under water storage pit irrigation are very different. When soil surface evaporation and pit wall evaporation were calculated by the soil surface resistance of water storage pit irrigation model, R 2 values were 0.95 and 0.96, respectively.

Using soil surface temperature to assess soil evaporation in a drip irrigated vineyard

2013 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 128-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Kerridge ◽  
J.W. Hornbuckle ◽  
E.W. Christen ◽  
R.D. Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature

A physically-based soil surface model and its combination with numerical models for predicting bare-soil evaporation rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaocheng Liu ◽  
Chenming Zhang ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
David Lockington ◽  
Ling Li
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Surface Resistance ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Vapor Flow ◽  
Physically Based

<p>Estimation of evaporation rates from soils is significant for environmental, hydrological, and agricultural purposes. Modeling of the soil surface resistance is essential to estimate the evaporation rates from bare soil. Empirical surface resistance models may cause large deviations when applied to different soils. A physically-based soil surface model is developed to calculate the surface resistance, which can consider evaporation on the soil surface when soil is fully saturated and the vapor flow below the soil surface after dry layer forming on the top. Furthermore, this physically-based expression of the surface resistance is added into a numerical model that considers the liquid water transport, water vapor transport, and heat transport during evaporation. The simulation results are in good agreement with the results from six soil column drying experiments.  This numerical model can be applied to predict or estimate the evaporation rate of different soil and saturation at different depths during evaporation.</p>

scholarly journals Redistribution of phosphorus in soil through cover crop roots

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio C. Franchini ◽  
Marcos A. Pavan ◽  
Mário Miyazawa
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil P

The objective of this study was to evaluate if cover crops can absorb P from the upper layers and transport it in their roots to subsoil layers. Samples of an Oxisol were placed in PVC columns. Super phosphate fertilizer was applied to the 0-10 cm soil surface layers. The cover crops tested were: Avena strigosa, Avena sativa, Secale cereale, Pisum sativum subsp arvense, Pisum sativum, Vicia villosa, Vicia sativa, Lupinus angustifoliu, Lupinus albus, and Triticum aestivum. After a growth period of 80 days the cover crop shoots were cut off and the soil was divided into 10cm layers and the roots of each layer were washed out. The roots and shoots were analyzed separated for total P contribution to the soil. Considerable amount of P was present in the roots of cover crops. Vicia sativa contained more than 60% of total plant P in the roots. The contribution of Vicia sativa to soil P bellow the fertilized zone was about 7 kg ha-1. It thus appeared that there existed a possibility of P redistribution into the soil under no tillage by using cover crops in rotation with cash crops. Vicia sativa was the most efficient cover crop species as P carrier into the roots from superficial layer to lower layers.

scholarly journals The Influence of Moss Colonization and Biochar Application on Evaporation Losses and Surface Crack in Shallow Carbonate–Derived Laterite During Dry–Wet Cycles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Che ◽  
Dongdong Liu ◽  
Dongli She
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Surface Cracks ◽  
Evaporation Model ◽  
Soil Desiccation ◽  
Evaporation Losses ◽  
Soil Moisture Conservation ◽  
Surface Temperature Field

Abstract AimsSoil water deficit in karst mountain lands is becoming an issue of concern owing to porous, fissured, and soluble nature of underlying karst bedrock. It is important to identify feasible methods to facilitate soil water preservation in karst mountainous lands. This study aims to seek the possibility of combined utilization of moss colonization and biochar application to reduce evaporation losses in carbonate-derived laterite.MethodsThe treatments of the experiments at micro-lysimeter included four moss spore amounts (0, 30, 60, and 90 g·m−2) and four biochar application levels (0, 100, 400, and 700 g·m−3). The dynamics of moss coverage, characteristics of soil surface cracks and surface temperature field were identified. An empirical evaporation model considering the interactive effects of moss colonization and biochar application was proposed and assessed.ResultsMoss colonization reduced significantly the ratio of soil desiccation cracks. Relative cumulative evaporation decreased linearly with increasing moss coverage under four biochar application levels. Biochar application reduced critical moss coverage associated with inhibition of evaporation by 33.26%-44.34%. The empirical evaporation model enabled the calculation of soil evaporation losses under moss colonization and biochar application, with the R2 values ranging from 0.94 to 0.99.Conclusions Our result showed that the artificially cultivated moss, which was induced by moss spores and biochar, decreased soil evaporation by reducing soil surface cracks, increasing soil moisture and soil surface temperature.Moss colonization and biochar application has the potential to facilitate soil moisture conservation in karst mountain lands.

Experimental flooding modifies rhizosphere conditions, induces photoacclimation and promotes antioxidant activities in Rhizophora mucronata seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surangkana Phandee ◽  
Wilawan Hwan-air ◽  
Sutthinut Soonthornkalump ◽  
Michael Jenke ◽  
Pimchanok Buapet
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Mangrove Seedlings

Abstract Survival of mangrove seedlings under flooding depends on their tolerance and adaptation. This study investigated the effects of flooding on rhizosphere conditions: porewater dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and soil oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and photosynthetic and antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and guaiacol peroxidase [POX] activity and glutathione [GSH] content) of Rhizophora mucronata seedlings. The experiment lasted 20 days with three treatments: control (with drainage), waterlogging (10 cm of water above the soil surface) and submergence. Our results demonstrate that waterlogging and submergence resulted in a reduction in porewater DO, pH and soil ORP from day 5 into the treatment. Submergence resulted in lower maximum electron transport rates, lower saturating irradiance and higher light utilization efficiency from day 5 onwards, but stomatal closure was detected in both flooded treatments. POX activity and GSH content in the roots were increased by submergence. On day 5, submerged plants showed higher root POX activity than the other two treatments and higher root GSH content than controls. However, these parameters decreased on day 20, so that no difference among the treatments remained. As persistent flooding was shown to hamper the physiological performance of mangrove seedlings, extreme weather events and sea-level rise should be closely monitored.

scholarly journals Effects of Earthworm Cast Application on Water Evaporation and Storage in Loess Soil Column Experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanpei Li ◽  
Mingan Shao ◽  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Tongchuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Small Particle ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Water Storage Capacity

Earthworm cast is a common bio-organic fertiliser, which can effectively improve soil fertility and structure. However, only a few studies have focused on the effect of earthworm cast on soil water movement. In this study, loess soil was used to determine the effects of earthworm cast application on soil evaporation. The effects on water storage capacity and capillary upward movement were also investigated. A laboratory-based soil column experiment using earthworm cast with different particle sizes (1–3 × 1–2 cm and 3–5 × 2–4 cm) and three application doses (5%, 7.5%, and 10%) was carried out. The daily evaporation and volume of capillary ascension were monitored. The addition of earthworm cast clearly affected the soil evaporation by changing soil water storage capacity and capillary water upward movement. Compared with control soil, the application of 5% small-particle cast reduced the soil cumulative evaporation by 5.13%, while the cumulative evaporation was higher in all large-particle cast treatments. The upward capillary water movement increased with increasing dose of earthworm cast, but decreased with increasing particle size. Overall, the addition of earthworm cast clearly enhanced the water storage capacity of the soil, with the small-particle cast having greater effects than the large-particle cast. We concluded that the application of 5% small-particle earthworm cast can enhance soil water retention and reduce soil evaporation.

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