scholarly journals Retrospective Dynamic Inundation Mapping of Hurricane Harvey Flooding in the Houston Metropolitan Area Using High-Resolution Modeling and High-Performance Computing

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Noh ◽  
Jun-Hak Lee ◽  
Seungsoo Lee ◽  
Dong-Jun Seo
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Inundation Extent ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Houston Metropolitan Area

Hurricane Harvey was one of the most extreme weather events to occur in Texas, USA; there was a huge amount of urban flooding in the city of Houston and the adjoining coastal areas. In this study, we reanalyze the spatiotemporal evolution of inundation during Hurricane Harvey using high-resolution two-dimensional urban flood modeling. This study’s domain includes the bayou basins in and around the Houston metropolitan area. The flood model uses the dynamic wave method and terrain data of 10-m resolution. It is forced by radar-based quantitative precipitation estimates. To evaluate the simulated inundation, on-site photos and water level observations were used. The inundation extent and severity are estimated by combining the retrieved water depths, images collected from the impacted area, and high-resolution terrain data. The simulated maximum inundation extent, which is frequently found outside of the designated flood zones, points out the importance of capturing multi-scale hydrodynamics in the built environment under extreme rainfall for effective flood risk and emergency management.

scholarly journals On the Uncertainty of High-Resolution Hourly Quantitative Precipitation Estimates in California

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-879
Author(s):  
Janice L. Bytheway ◽  
Mimi Hughes ◽  
Kelly Mahoney ◽  
Rob Cifelli
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Reference Dataset ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Operational Forecast ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Estimates

AbstractThe Bay Area of California and surrounding region receives much of its annual precipitation during the October–March wet season, when atmospheric river events bring periods of heavy rain that challenge water managers and may exceed the capacity of storm sewer systems. The complex terrain of this region further complicates the situation, with terrain interactions that are not currently captured in most operational forecast models and inadequate precipitation measurements to capture the large variability throughout the area. To improve monitoring and prediction of these events at spatial and temporal resolutions of interest to area water managers, the Bay Area Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information project was developed. To quantify improvements in forecast precipitation, model validation studies require a reference dataset to compare against. In this paper we examine 10 gridded, high-resolution (≤10 km, hourly) precipitation estimates to assess the uncertainty of high-resolution quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) in areas of complex terrain. The products were linearly interpolated to 3-km grid spacing, which is the resolution of the operational forecast model to be validated. Substantial differences exist between the various products at accumulation periods ranging from hourly to annual, with standard deviations among the products exceeding 100% of the mean. While the products seem to agree fairly well on the timing of precipitation, intensity estimates differ, sometimes by an order of magnitude. The results highlight both the need for additional observations and the need to account for uncertainty in the reference dataset when validating forecasts in this area.

scholarly journals Radar Applications in Northern Scotland (RAiNS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan R Neely ◽  
Louise Parry ◽  
David Dufton ◽  
Lindsay Bennett ◽  
Chris Collier
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Polarimetric Radar ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Radar Observations ◽  
X Band ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Radar Applications ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Hydrological Applications

AbstractThe Radar Applications in Northern Scotland (RAiNS) experiment took place from February to August 2016 near Inverness, Scotland. The campaign was motivated by the need to provide enhanced weather radar observations for hydrological applications for the Inverness region. Here we describe the campaign in detail and observations over the summer period of the campaign that show the improvements that high-resolution polarimetric radar observations may have on quantitative precipitation estimates in this region compared to concurrently generated operational radar quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE). We further provide suggestions of methods for generating QPE using dual-polarisation X-band radars in similar regions.

scholarly journals A high-performance integrated hydrodynamic modelling system for urban flood simulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhua Liang ◽  
Luke S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modelling ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Modelling System

A new High-Performance Integrated hydrodynamic Modelling System (Hi-PIMS) is tested for urban flood simulation. The software solves the two-dimensional shallow water equations using a first-order accurate Godunov-type shock-capturing scheme incorporated with the Harten, Lax and van Leer approximate Riemann solver with the contact wave restored (HLLC) for flux evaluation. The benefits of modern graphics processing units are explored to accelerate large-scale high-resolution simulations. In order to test its performance, the tool is applied to predict flood inundation due to rainfall and a point source surface flow in Glasgow, Scotland, and a hypothetical inundation event at different spatial resolutions in Thamesmead, England, caused by embankment failure. Numerical experiments demonstrate potential benefits for high-resolution modelling of urban flood inundation, and a much-improved level of performance without compromising result quality.

scholarly journals Assesment of Satellite and Radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimates for Real Time Monitoring of  Meteorological Extremes Over the Southeast of Iberian Peninsula

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulgencio Cánovas-García ◽  
Sandra García-Galiano ◽  
Francisco Alonso-Sarría
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Empirical Calibration ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Estimates

QPEs (Quantitative Precipitation Estimates) obtained from remote sensing or ground-based radars could complement or even be an alternative to rain gauge readings. However, to be used in operational applications, a validation process has to be carried out, usually by comparing their estimates with those of a rain gauges network. In this paper, the accuracy of two QPEs are evaluated for three extreme precipitation events in the last decade in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. The first QPE is PERSIANN-CCS, a satellite-based QPE. The second is a meteorological radar with Doppler capabilities that works in the C band. Pixel-to-point comparisons are made between the values offered by the QPEs and those obtained by two networks of rain gauges. The results obtained indicate that both QPEs were well below the rain gauge values, especially in extreme rainfall time slots. There seems to be a weak linear association between the value of the discrepancies and the precipitation value of the QPEs. It does not seem that radar is more accurate than PERSIANN-CCS, despite its larger spatial resolution and its commonly higher effectiveness. The main conclusion is that neither PERSIANN-CCS nor radar, without empirical calibration, are acceptable QPEs for the real-time monitoring of meteorological extremes in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula.

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy of thin-film magnetic media of magnetic recording disk

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1334-1335
Author(s):  
K. Ogura ◽  
H. Nishioka ◽  
N. Ikeo ◽  
T. Kanazawa ◽  
J. Teshima
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Magnetic Recording ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resolution Observation

Structural appraisal of thin film magnetic media is very important because their magnetic characters such as magnetic hysteresis and recording behaviors are drastically altered by the grain structure of the film. However, in general, the surface of thin film magnetic media of magnetic recording disk which is process completed is protected by several-nm thick sputtered carbon. Therefore, high-resolution observation of a cross-sectional plane of a disk is strongly required to see the fine structure of the thin film magnetic media. Additionally, observation of the top protection film is also very important in this field.Recently, several different process-completed magnetic disks were examined with a UHR-SEM, the JEOL JSM 890, which consisted of a field emission gun and a high-performance immerse lens. The disks were cut into approximately 10-mm squares, the bottom of these pieces were carved into more than half of the total thickness of the disks, and they were bent. There were many cracks on the bent disks. When these disks were observed with the UHR-SEM, it was very difficult to observe the fine structure of thin film magnetic media which appeared on the cracks, because of a very heavy contamination on the observing area.

Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Houston metropolitan area, Texas, 1984

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Liscum ◽  
J.P. Bruchmiller ◽  
D.W. Brown ◽  
E.M. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Hydrologic Data ◽  
Houston Metropolitan Area
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