scholarly journals A Novel Approach for Delineation of Homogeneous Rainfall Regions for Water Sensitive Urban Design—A Case Study in Southeast Queensland

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashiq Rasheed ◽  
Prasanna Egodawatta ◽  
Ashantha Goonetilleke ◽  
James McGree
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Water Sensitive Urban Design ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Homogeneous Regions ◽  
Southeast Queensland

The delineation of homogeneous regions is primarily based on long-term overall rainfall characteristics and therefore does not necessarily consider the homogeneity of event-based rainfall characteristics. However, event-based rainfall characteristics including antecedent dry days, rainfall intensity, total rainfall and total duration of rainfall events are critical for Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD). Accordingly, this study presents a novel approach to objectively identify homogeneous rainfall regions based on event-based rainfall characteristics. This approach uses cluster analysis and Hosking–Wallis heterogeneous tests collectively to test the homogeneity of event-based rainfall characteristics. A case study conducted for southeast Queensland (SEQ), Australia is also presented in this article. This study compares the results of the novel modified approach against results of the conventional approach for the delineation of homogeneous regions. It was evident from the results that the entire SEQ could be treated as a homogeneous rainfall region based on the conventional approach. In contrast, based on the modified approach, the coast and the inland of SEQ were identified as separate homogeneous regions. Further, antecedent dry days and rainfall intensity were recognized as the deciding rainfall characteristics in the delineation of homogeneous rainfall regions.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Assessment of Water Sensitive Urban Design Practices based on Multi-criteria Decision Analysis via a Case Study of the University of Melbourne, Australia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2885
Author(s):  
Hanxiang Xiong ◽  
Yafei Sun ◽  
Xingwei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Water Sensitive Urban Design ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Green Stormwater Infrastructure ◽  
A Site ◽  
The University

Water sensitive urban design (WSUD), as a typical green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), contains various facilities to decrease the urbanization impacts and enhance the values of amenity, ecosystem, and livability in Australia. Although WSUD has developed over 30 years, existing studies for WSUD performances have sometimes ignored its economic and social benefits, and there is still a lack of an integrated framework to optimize the GSI combinations based on various criteria in a site. This paper aims to utilize “score-rank-select” strategy to comprehensively assess WSUD combination scenarios from functional, economic, social, and environmental aspects, by taking the University of Melbourne (Parkville campus) as a case study. In detail, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was used for weight determination and scenario comparison. The results showed that scenario 4 with 52% green WSUD facilities had the highest assessment score (0.771) among the five scenarios, while the final score (0.758) of scenario 5 was lower than scenario 4 although its green facility proportion reached 69%. The trade-off relation between the proportion of grey and green WSUD facilities was further demonstrated. Additionally, this paper strongly recommends that the MCDA-based comprehensive assessment framework described here can be generally promoted for the water sector to solve the decision-making problems. The use of such a framework can further promote sustainable development by helping water managers to make informed and inclusive decisions involving a variety of factors.

scholarly journals How Is the Intensity of Rainfall Events Best Characterised? A Brief Critical Review and Proposed New Rainfall Intensity Index for Application in the Study of Landsurface Processes

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dunkerley
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Clock Period ◽  
Event Duration ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Convective Storms ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
Event Based

In many studies of landsurface processes, the intensity of rainfall events is expressed with clock-period indexes such as I30, the wettest 30-minute interval within a rainfall event. Problematically, the value of I30 cannot be estimated for rainfall events shorter than 30 min, excluding many intense convective storms. Further, it represents a diminishing proportion of increasingly long rainfall events, declining to <2% of the duration of a 30-hour event but representing 25% of the duration of a two-hour event. Here, a new index termed EDf5 is proposed: It is the rainfall depth in the wettest 5% of the event duration. This can be derived for events of any duration. Exploratory determinations of EDf5 are presented for two Australian locations with contrasting rainfall climatologies—one arid and one wet tropical. The I30 index was similar at both sites (7.7 and 7.9 mm h−1) and was unable to differentiate between them. In contrast, EDf5 at the arid site was 7.4 mm h−1, whilst at the wet tropical site, it was 3.8 mm h−1. Thus, the EDf5 index indicated a greater concentration of rain at the arid site where convective storms occurred (i.e., the intensity sustained for 5% of event duration at that site is higher). The EDf5 index can be applied to short, intense events that can readily be included in the analysis of event-based rainfall intensity. I30 therefore appears to offer less discriminatory power and consequently may be of less value in the investigation of rainfall characteristics that drive many important landsurface processes.

scholarly journals Simplified Event-Based Load Shedding Scheme for Frequency Stability in an Isolated Power System With High Renewable Penetration. El Hierro: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Sarasúa ◽  
Juan Ignacio Pérez-Díaz ◽  
Guillermo Martínez-Lucas ◽  
Daniel Fernández-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Load Shedding ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
El Hierro ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
High Renewable Penetration ◽  
Event Based

This study presents a novel approach to calculate the load to be shed in El Hierro isolated power system in generation tripping events. The proposed shedding law is based on a linear regression model. The regression model is obtained by means of offline dynamic simulations in a set of representative test cases. The proposed shedding law has been compared to the under-frequency load shedding scheme currently utilized in El Hierro, considering three different implementation schemes. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed shedding law can contribute to reduce the average amount of load shed in generation tripping events and meet the requirements of the system’s frequency with a moderate investment in smart power management devices.

scholarly journals A framework to diagnose factors influencing proenvironmental behaviors in water-sensitive urban design

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (33) ◽  
pp. E7690-E7699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacki Schirmer ◽  
Fiona Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Water Sensitive Urban Design ◽  
Improve Water Quality

The ongoing challenge of maintaining and improving the quality of water that leaves urban stormwater systems is often addressed using technical rather than social solutions. The need for investment in often expensive water infrastructure can be reduced through better investing in promoting human behaviors that protect water quality as part of water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) initiatives. Successfully achieving this requires understanding factors that influence adoption of proenvironmental behaviors. We review past studies examining this topic and identify that factors influencing adoption of proenvironmental behaviors relevant to WSUD commonly fall into four domains: proenvironmental values and norms, awareness and knowledge of environmental problems and the actions that can address them, proximity and place-based identity, and life-stage and lifestyle factors. We propose the VAIL (values, awareness, identify, lifestyle) framework, based on these four domains and able to be contextualized to specific water-quality problems and individual communities, to assist in diagnosing factors influencing adoption of proenvironmental behaviors. We demonstrate the applicability of the framework in a case study examining adoption of gardening practices that support water quality in Canberra, Australia. We developed 22 locally relevant VAIL indicators and surveyed 3,334 residents to understand engagement in four water-friendly gardening behaviors that help improve water quality in local lakes. In regression modeling, the indicators explained a significant amount of variance in these behaviors and suggested avenues for supporting greater adoption of these behaviors. Predictor variables across all four VAIL domains were significant, highlighting the importance of a multidomain framework.

scholarly journals Rainwater harvesting as an alternative of freshwater supply in Balikpapan city – a case study of Institut Teknologi Kalimantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012040
Author(s):  
E T Mamangkey ◽  
R B Sukmara ◽  
Ariyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Sensitive Urban Design ◽  
Supply Analysis

Abstract Currently, 73% of the water demand in Balikpapan was only supplied from Manggar Reservoir, and it will continue decreasing parallelly with the increasing population. Regarding the population issues and the government’s planning for the new capital city of Indonesia, Balikpapan will be a buffer city facing serious risk in water supply issues in the future. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze an alternative of water supply. Following the concepts in Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), The rainwater harvesting (RWH) method was chosen for preventive analysis, and Institut Teknologi Kalimantan (ITK) as one of the reputable’s universities in Balikpapan will be taken as a study location. The results obtained that the monthly water demand in ITK was ranged from 3228.34 m3 to 16632.97 m3. Using RWH, water supply analysis was obtained from 3790.62 m3 to 10697.31 m3 in various rainfall durations (0.5 to 2 hours) and 20 years projections (2022 to 2042). Following the obtained water supply. This study also reveals that the savings of total water usage can be reached from 24% to 100%, and around IDR 14,082,002 to IDR 37,035,390 is converted to currency. The highest saving reached due to water supply meets the water demand.

scholarly journals Stormwater harvesting infrastructure systems design for urban park irrigation: Brimbank Park, Melbourne case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 844-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Kyle Day ◽  
Ashok K Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Local Case ◽  
Stormwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Sensitive Urban Design ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
End Uses

Abstract Stormwater harvesting for residential and non-residential reuse is an important and crucial aspect to reduce freshwater demand to address climate change, population growth and urbanisation challenges. It is important that freshwater be conserved as much as possible through capturing rainwater and stormwater and using these resources for fit for purpose end uses such as irrigation of public open parks and residential non-potable end uses. The paper describes a methodology for the planning and design of a stormwater harvesting system for park irrigation. The application of suitable models for storage tank capacity and pipe sizing considering peak flows are described. The application of the approach is demonstrated with a local case study for the benefit of wider water professionals engaged in water-sensitive urban design.

Water Sensitive Urban Design in Existing Urban Settings: Case Study of Dry Detention Pond in Kuching City

InCIEC 2013 ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Darrien Yau Seng Mah ◽  
Afdal Haziq bin Mohamad Salehe ◽  
Frederik Josep Putuhena
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Detention Pond ◽  
Water Sensitive Urban Design
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