scholarly journals Interaction of Surface Water and Groundwater Influenced by Groundwater Over-Extraction, Waste Water Discharge and Water Transfer in Xiong’an New Area, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meijia Zhu ◽  
Shiqin Wang ◽  
Xiaole Kong ◽  
Wenbo Zheng ◽  
Wenzhao Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
The North ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Lake Baiyangdian ◽  
Artificial Water

Understanding the interaction of surface water and groundwater affected by anthropogenic activities is of great importance for water resource and water quality management. The Xiong’an New Area, located in the North China Plain, has been designated a new building area by China’s government. Groundwater has been over pumped and artificial water was transferred to meet the water supply in this region. Therefore, the natural interaction of surface water and groundwater has been greatly changed and there has been a complex impact of the groundwater from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we used water chemical ions and stable isotopes of δ2H and δ18O to assess the interaction of surface water and groundwater in the Xiong’an New Area. We carried out field surveys and water sampling of the Fu River (domestic waste water discharge), Lake Baiyangdian (artificial water transfer), and the underlying groundwater along the water bodies. Results show that the artificial surface water (discharged and transferred) became the major recharge source for the local groundwater due to the decline of groundwater table. We used groundwater table observations, end-member mixing analysis of the stable isotopic composition and chloride tracers to estimate the contributions of different recharge sources to the local groundwater. Due to the over pumping of groundwater, the lateral groundwater recharge was dominant with a contribution ratio ranging from 12% to 78% in the upper reach of the river (Sections 1–3). However, the contribution of lateral groundwater recharge was estimated to be negligible with respect to the artificial water recharge from Lake Baiyangdian. Seepage from the Fu River contributed a significant amount of water to the connecting aquifer, with a contribution ranging from 14% to 75% along the river. The extent of the river influence into the aquifer ranges as far as 1400 m to the south and 400 m to the north of the Fu River. Estimations based on isotopic fractionation shows that about 25% of Lake Baiyangdian water was lost by evaporation. By using the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the lake water, an influencing range of 16 km west of the lake was determined. The interaction of the surface water and groundwater is completely changed by anthropogenic activities, such as groundwater over pumping, waste water discharge and water transfer. The switched interaction of surface water and groundwater has a significant implication on water resources management.

scholarly journals Modelling the flow of nitrogen and phosphorus in Europe: from loads to coastal seas

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. W. Beusen ◽  
O. Klepper ◽  
C. R. Meinardi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The North ◽  
Surface Water Flow ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Parameter Values

A model is described that aims at predicting surface water quality from N- and P-inputs on a European scale. The model combines a GIS-based approach to estimate loads, geohydrological data to define model structure and statistical techniques to estimate parameter values. The model starts with an inventory of sources of N and P: agriculture, wastewater and (for N) atmospheric deposition. Nitrogen flows are assumed to follow both surface- and groundwater flows, while for phosphorus only surface water flow is taken into account. A calibration of loss terms of N and P (assumed to be constants for the whole of Europe) by comparing total inputs to measured loads shows good agreement between observations and calculated river discharges. For the coastal seas of Europe concentrations are calculated by assuming conservative behaviour of N and P. Freshwater quality problems occur in western Europe with its intensive agriculture and high population density and locally in southern Europe where dilution is low due to low water discharge. In the marine environment the main problem areas are the Baltic and Black seas, with much lower impacts in the North and Adriatic Sea; in other coastal waters human impacts are essentially negligible.

Impact of water transfer on interaction between surface water and groundwater in the lowland area of North China Plain

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (13) ◽  
pp. 2044-2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaole Kong ◽  
Shiqin Wang ◽  
Bingxia Liu ◽  
Hongyong Sun ◽  
Zhuping Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Lowland Area

Application of Rn-222 isotope for the interaction between surface water and groundwater in the Source Area of the Yellow River

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Zheng ◽  
C. W. Wan ◽  
M. D. Du ◽  
X. D. Zhou ◽  
P. Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
The North ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Average Fraction ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

A pioneering rapid and direct measurement of dissolved 222Rn in the field has been used here to explore interaction between surface and groundwater in the source area of the Yellow River (SAYR). The results indicate average 222Rn activity of 2,371 Bq/m3 in surface water and 27,835 Bq/m3 in groundwater. The high 222Rn activity (up to 9,133 Bq/m3) found in the southeast part of the SAYR suggests possible influence of permafrost on the exchange between surface water and groundwater. The remarkable contrast among the different samples of a stream in the Shuangchagou basin, a typical basin in the SAYR, clearly indicates groundwater infiltration along the north tributary and occurrence of groundwater end-member in the south tributary. Considering no 222Rn decay and atmospheric evasion, the daily average fraction of groundwater input to the surface water through the end-member in a location (S1) is estimated at 19%. Despite the up to 40% uncertainty, this is the first estimate of a reference value for groundwater input in this basin and which can be improved in the future with more samples and measurements. 222Rn can be a rapid and easily measured tracer of surface water–groundwater interaction for future investigation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Microplastics in a UK Landfill: Developing Methods and Assessing Concentrations in Leachate, Hydrogeology, and Release to the Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Waddell ◽  
Nathalie Grassineau ◽  
James Brakeley ◽  
Kevin Clemitshaw
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Living Organisms

<p>Inadequate management of plastic waste has resulted in its ubiquity within the environment, and presents a risk to living organisms. Harm caused by large plastics is well documented, but progressive understanding of microplastics (< 5mm) reveals an ever more unsettling issue. Microplastics contamination is considered an emerging global multidisciplinary issue that would be aided by further research on sources, distribution, abundance, and transport mechanisms. Landfills are a suspected source of such, but research at these sites is insufficient. Although the risks surrounding microplastics are still inconclusive, there is concern over their accumulation in organisms, leaching constituents, and hydrophobic nature. Studying microplastics in the environment, let alone landfill, is challenging as standard and accepted methodologies are presently non-existent.</p><p>Here, microplastics (1mm to 25µm) were evaluated at one particular and long-running UK landfill after first developing a simple, replicable, efficient, and cost effective sampling and analysis approach. Concentrations and types of microplastics were quantified in raw leachate, treated leachate, waste water, groundwater, and surface water, to characterise abundance, distribution, and released loads to the environment. Samples were filtered in-situ, with subsequent purification at the laboratory by Fenton’s reagent. Analysis relied heavily on microscopic sorting and counting, but use of Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy enabled instrumental interrogation of particles suspected to be plastic. Many factors investigated here appear novel to the literature, and comprehensively explore: temporal variation of microplastics in raw leachate across different landfill phases and waste ages; their abundance in local groundwater, and surface water discharge; microplastics distribution within a leachate treatment plant; and their subsequent release to the environment from a waste water treatment facility. The results build upon the small collection of existing work, but also offer new insights into microplastics’ occurrence in, around, and released from a landfill site.</p><p>In total, 62 samples were taken, and particles considered microplastics (MP) were most abundant in groundwater, followed by raw leachate > waste water > treated leachate > surface water. Average concentration in groundwater was 105.1±104.3 MP L<sup>-1</sup>, raw leachate 3.3±1.7 MP L<sup>-1</sup>, and waste water was 1.8±0.73 MP L<sup>-1</sup>. Consistent with other research, fibres were most dominant, but blank samples highlight the great potential for secondary contamination. Imaging of suspect particles revealed the extreme nature and conditions of landfill sites in their generation of microplastics. Analogous to waste water treatment, leachate treatment is shown to be reducing microplastics in the discharge by 58.1%, and it is expected that microplastics are retained in the treatment plant sludge. Daily loads from leachate treatment were 142,558±67,744 MP day<sup>-1</sup>, but from waste water this was approximately 45.2±18.3 million MP day<sup>-1</sup>. Ultimately, the landfill is not a final sink of microplastics but a source, for those >25 µm, to the environment: yet, it is unlikely to be a significant one. Results highlighted the need for reduction strategies at waste water treatment plants and in the site’s groundwater boreholes, as well as further investigation to determine the source of abundant fibres in the surface water.</p>

scholarly journals The cost of ending groundwater overdraft on the North China Plain

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 771-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Davidsen ◽  
Suxia Liu ◽  
Xingguo Mo ◽  
Dan Rosbjerg ◽  
Peter Bauer-Gottwein
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
The North ◽  
Groundwater Overdraft ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Value

Abstract. Overexploitation of groundwater reserves is a major environmental problem around the world. In many river basins, groundwater and surface water are used conjunctively and joint optimization strategies are required. A hydroeconomic modeling approach is used to find cost-optimal sustainable surface water and groundwater allocation strategies for a river basin, given an arbitrary initial groundwater level in the aquifer. A simplified management problem with conjunctive use of scarce surface water and groundwater under inflow and recharge uncertainty is presented. Because of head-dependent groundwater pumping costs the optimization problem is nonlinear and non-convex, and a genetic algorithm is used to solve the one-step-ahead subproblems with the objective of minimizing the sum of immediate and expected future costs. A real-world application in the water-scarce Ziya River basin in northern China is used to demonstrate the model capabilities. Persistent overdraft from the groundwater aquifers on the North China Plain has caused declining groundwater levels. The model maps the marginal cost of water in different scenarios, and the minimum cost of ending groundwater overdraft in the basin is estimated to be CNY 5.58 billion yr−1. The study shows that it is cost-effective to slowly recover the groundwater aquifer to a level close to the surface, while gradually lowering the groundwater value to the equilibrium at CNY 2.15 m−3. The model can be used to guide decision-makers to economic efficient long-term sustainable management of groundwater and surface water resources.

scholarly journals The cost of ending groundwater overdraft on the North China Plain

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 5931-5966 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Davidsen ◽  
S. Liu ◽  
X. Mo ◽  
D. Rosbjerg ◽  
P. Bauer-Gottwein
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
The North ◽  
Groundwater Overdraft ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
The Cost

Abstract. Over-exploitation of groundwater reserves is a major environmental problem around the world. In many river basins, groundwater and surface water are used conjunctively and joint optimization strategies are required. A hydroeconomic modelling approach is used to find cost-optimal sustainable surface water and groundwater allocation strategies for a river basin, given an arbitrary initial groundwater level in the aquifer. A simplified management problem with conjunctive use of scarce surface water and groundwater under inflow and recharge uncertainty is presented. Because of head-dependent groundwater pumping costs the optimization problem is non-linear and non-convex, and a genetic algorithm is used to solve the 1-step-ahead sub-problems with the objective of minimizing the sum of immediate and expected future costs. A real-world application in the Ziya River Basin in northern China is used to demonstrate the model capabilities. Persistent overdraft from the groundwater aquifers on the North China Plain has caused declining groundwater tables, salinization and infiltration of \\hack{\\break} wastewater. The model maps the opportunity cost of water in different scenarios, and the cost of ending groundwater overdraft in the basin is estimated to be 5.47 billion CNY yr−1. The model can be used to guide decision makers to ensure long-term sustainability of groundwater and surface water resources management in the basin in an economically optimal way.

Water quality changes in a small plain agricultural catchment area

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sima Belic ◽  
Andjelka V. Belic
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Nonpoint Pollution ◽  
The North ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Anthropogenic activities in a catchment area influence in a most direct way the surface water quality. Detailed studies of the factors of all production processes in the catchment enable establishing the degree of their possible individual participation in the pollution of that region, which is the first step in finding out the way of its appropriate protection. Such a study we carried out on the example of the Krivaja catchment area (the river Krivaja and the reservoir Zobnatica), in the north of Yugoslavia during the 1980–1992 period. The analysis encompassed natural characteristics of the soil and production activities in the region, which is characterized by numerous point and nonpoint pollution sources. Surface water quality was assessed on the basis of their physical and chemical properties. Besides, inorganic forms of nutrients, first of all nitrogen, were also analyzed. The results indicate deterioration of surface water quality in the catchment during the investigated period. In view of the fact that the state of point pollution sources did not change during the investigation, it is quite clear that nonpoint pollution, having mainly the origin in agricultural production, were the main cause of deterioration of surface water quality.

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