scholarly journals Assessing Temporal and Spatial Inequality of Water Footprint Based on Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors in Jilin Province, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqin Wang ◽  
Lijie Qin ◽  
Hongshi He
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Rational Allocation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Freshwater resources are limited and uneven in their spatiotemporal distribution, and substantial increases in water demand from rapidly developing economies and concentrated populations place pressure on the available water. Research on the inequality of water footprint (WF) could provide countermeasures for the rational use and allocation of water resources. We evaluated the temporal and spatial inequality of WF using the Gini coefficient and imbalance index based on socioeconomic and environmental factors in Jilin Province. The results showed that from 2008 to 2015, the overall inequality of WF in Jilin Province was “relative equality”, and the inequalities between the WF and population, cultivated area were “high equality”; between the WF and gross domestic product (GDP) was “relative equality”; and between the WF and natural water endowment was “high inequality”. With respect to space, the differences of WF inequality were significant. In the west, the WF inequality changed greatly, from “relative equality” to “relative inequality” driven by population, GDP, cultivated area, and natural water endowment. In the middle, the WF inequality showed large internal differences with “high inequality” or “high equality” caused by GDP and natural water endowment. In the east, the WF inequality was relatively stable, at “high equality” or “neutral” affected by natural water endowment and population. The varied impact factors reflected the differences in natural resources and socioeconomic conditions in the various regions, and the results might provide a theoretical basis for guiding the rational allocation of water resources.

scholarly journals Morphometric, mersitic and some blood parameters of Barbus grypus Shabout (Heckel 1843) in Sulaimani natural water resources, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Karzan Namiq ◽  
Shaima Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Barbus Grypus

This study was taken to determine morphometric, meristic and hematological parameters of the B. grypus (H, 1843) in Sulaimani natural water resources of Sulaimani city, Iraq. 30 fish were used in this study and allocated to three groups that depend on fish length. Total lengths were 26.71 ± 0.85, 34.82 ± 0.82 and 43.78 ± 0.9, standard lengths were 26.27 ± 0.64, 29.43 ± 0.73 and 37.35 ± 0.91 for (20-30cm, 30-40 cm and 40-50 cm), respectively. Numbers of rays on dorsal fin were 7.5 ± 0.18, 7.8 ± 0.25 and 8.08 ± 0.05; numbers of scales were 5, 5 and 5 ± 17 for (20-30cm, 30-40 cm and 40-50 cm) lengths, respectively. The values of WBC were (1345.1 ± 314.22, 15133564 ± 2851414 and 19536900 ± 4594589 /mm3), the values of RBC were recorded as 13885000 ± 2653096, 1317132.3 ± 91643.55 and 2077000 ± 139033/mm3 . The values of Hemoglobin (Hb) were 11 ± 0.95, 6.24±0.18 and 6.96 ± 0.25 g/dl. The values of PCV of were 45.4 ± 3.2, 25.6 ± 0.52 and 27.9 ± 0.97 % for (20-30cm, 30-40 cm and 40-50 cm) length, respectively. According to the results in the present study suggest that mersitic characters were affected by many environmental factors such as light, temperature and dissolved oxygen, while hematological parameters were affected by age. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(1): 153-162, April 2019

Temporal and spatial changes of water footprint of maize production in Jilin Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peili Duan ◽  
Lijie Qin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Quantitation of the green, blue and grey water footprints (WFs) of crop production can distinguish the water types and amount in crop production, as well as the degree of freshwater pollution. This paper calculates the WF of maize production and assesses the temporal variability and spatial distribution of WFs in different types of rainfall years over Jilin Province from 1998 to 2012. The results indicated that: (1) the annual average WF of maize production was 1,067 m3/ton, which was 53% green, 24% blue and 23% grey (maize production in Jilin Province relies primarily on green water); (2) the drier the year, the higher the WF of maize production; (3) the highest WF of maize production values among 49 counties in the province were in Antu and Tumen counties, whereas the lowest values occurred in Gongzhuling and Lishu counties, whether the year was humid, average or dry; and (4) the WF of maize production was highest in the eastern region, moderate in the western region and lowest in the middle region.

scholarly journals Impacts of Climatic and Agricultural Input Factors on the Water Footprint of Crop Production in Jilin Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6904
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Zheng ◽  
Lijie Qin ◽  
Hongshi He
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Agricultural Input ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Water consumption ensures crop production and grain security, and is influenced by many factors. Analyzing the impact factors of water consumption during crop production will be beneficial to the full use of water resources and crop growth. Jilin Province is one of the major crop production areas in China and is facing water shortages. Using the water footprint as an indicator, this study evaluated the water consumption of crop production in Jilin Province during 2000–2016, explored the impacts of climatic and agricultural input factors on the water consumption of crop production, and identified the most influential factors in years under different levels of rainfall. The results indicate that the crop water footprint exhibited a decreasing trend during 2000–2016, and the most influential factors of the crop water footprint changed over the years with different levels of rainfall. Precipitation and the effective irrigation area were the most influential factors in the drought year, and accumulated temperature, machinery power, and chemical fertilizer consumption were the most influential factors in normal and humid years. The most influential factors of the crop water footprint differed in different regions with the differences in natural and human interfered conditions. Identifying the impacts of the most influential factors on the water consumption of crop production would be conducive to optimizing farmland management and achieving sustainable agricultural production.

Water resources efficiency assessment in crop production from the perspective of water footprint

2021 ◽  
pp. 127371
Author(s):  
Xinchun Cao ◽  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Mengyang Wu ◽  
Tingyu Li ◽  
Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Efficiency Assessment

scholarly journals Equitable Allocation of Blue and Green Water Footprints Based on Land-Use Types: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Lu Shi ◽  
Kevin Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Lexicographic Optimization ◽  
The Impact

This paper develops a lexicographic optimization model to allocate agricultural and non-agricultural water footprints by using the land area as the influencing factor. An index known as the water-footprint-land density (WFLD) index is then put forward to assess the impact and equity of the resulting allocation scheme. Subsequently, the proposed model is applied to a case study allocating water resources for the 11 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). The objective is to achieve equitable spatial allocation of water resources from a water footprint perspective. Based on the statistical data in 2013, this approach starts with a proper accounting for water footprints in the 11 YREB provinces. We then determined an optimal allocation of water footprints by using the proposed lexicographic optimization approach from a land area angle. Lastly, we analyzed how different types of land uses contribute to allocation equity and we discuss policy changes to implement the optimal allocation schemes in the YREB. Analytical results show that: (1) the optimized agricultural and non-agricultural water footprints decrease from the current levels for each province across the YREB, but this decrease shows a heterogeneous pattern; (2) the WFLD of 11 YREB provinces all decline after optimization with the largest decline in Shanghai and the smallest decline in Sichuan; and (3) the impact of agricultural land on the allocation of agricultural water footprints is mainly reflected in the land use structure of three land types including arable land, forest land, and grassland. The different land use structures in the upstream, midstream, and downstream regions lead to the spatial heterogeneity of the optimized agricultural water footprints in the three YREB segments; (4) In addition to the non-agricultural land area, different regional industrial structures are the main reason for the spatial heterogeneity of the optimized non-agricultural water footprints. Our water-footprint-based optimal water resources allocation scheme helps alleviate the water resources shortage pressure and achieve coordinated and balanced development in the YREB.

scholarly journals Variation characteristics of stem water content in Lagerstroemia indica and its response to microenvironment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Yandong Zhao ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Hailan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rational Allocation ◽  
Variation Characteristics ◽  
Stem Water

To achieve a rational allocation of limited water resources, and formulation of an appropriate irrigation system, this research studied the change characteristics of stem water content (StWC) in plant and its response to micro-environmental factors. In this study, the StWC and micro-environmental factors of Lagerstroemia indica in Beijing were continuously observed by BD-IV plant stem water content sensor and a forest microclimate monitoring station from 2017 to 2018. The variation of StWC and its correlation with environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed the StWC of Lagerstroemia indica varies regularly day and night during the growth cycle. Meanwhile, the rising time, valley time, and falling time of StWC were various at the different growth stages of Lagerstroemia indica. The results of correlation analysis between StWC and micro-environmental factors indicated that the StWC of Lagerstroemia indica was positively correlated with air relative humidity, while it was negatively correlated with total radiation and air temperature. The multiple regression equation of StWC and micro-environmental factors of Lagerstroemia indica was StWC = 11.789-1.402Rn-0.931T-1.132Ws+0.933RH-3.368ST+2.168SMC, and the coefficient of determination of the equation was of 0.87. Furthermore, the results illustrated that the irrigation should pay attention to supplementing irrigation in time during the peak growing season of fruit.

scholarly journals An improved method for calculating regional crop water footprint based on hydrological process analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bo Luan ◽  
Ya-Li Yin ◽  
Pu-Te Wu ◽  
Shi-Kun Sun ◽  
Yu-Bao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Total Consumption

Abstract. Fresh water is consumed during agricultural production. With the shortage of water resources, assessing the water use efficiency is crucial to effectively managing agricultural water resources. The water footprint is a new index for water use evaluation, and it can reflect the quantity and types of water usage during crop growth. This study aims to establish a method for calculating the region-scale water footprint of crop production based on hydrological processes. This method analyzes the water-use process during the growth of crops, which includes irrigation, precipitation, underground water, evapotranspiration, and drainage, and it ensures a more credible evaluation of water use. As illustrated by the case of the Hetao irrigation district (HID), China, the water footprints of wheat, corn and sunflower were calculated using this method. The results show that canal water loss and evapotranspiration were responsible for most of the water consumption and accounted for 47.9 % and 41.8 % of the total consumption, respectively. The total water footprints of wheat, sunflower and corn were 1380–2888 m3/t, 942–1774 m3/t, and 2095–4855 m3/t, respectively, and the blue footprint accounts for more than 86 %. The spatial distribution pattern of the green, blue and total water footprint for the three crops demonstrated that higher values occurred in the eastern part of the HID, which had more precipitation and was further from the irrigating gate. This study offers a vital reference for improving the method used to calculate the crop water footprint.

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