scholarly journals Comprehensive Performance Evaluation System Based on Environmental and Economic Benefits for Optimal Allocation of LID Facilities

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Bai ◽  
Yuhong Li ◽  
Ruoyu Zhang ◽  
Na Zhao ◽  
Xiaofan Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Rain Garden ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
City Construction

In recent years, urban flooding occurred frequently because of extreme rainstorms. Sponge city construction can effectively mitigate urban flooding and improve urban rainwater utilization. Low-impact development (LID) is regarded as a sustainable solution for urban stormwater management. In this project, a comprehensive evaluation system was developed based on environmental and economic benefits using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The performance of four LID scenarios with the same locations but different sizes of green roof, permeable pavement, concave greenbelt, and rain garden were analyzed in the Sucheng district of Jiangsu province in China. Results illustrate that the green roof performed best in reducing runoff, while the rain garden performed worst. The LID combination scenario (1) that contained more green roof, permeable pavement, and concave greenbelt facilities, but fewer rain gardens had the better comprehensive performance on the basis of environmental and economic benefits. The combined scenario (2) (LID proportion of maximum construction area was 40%) could also be an alternative. This study provides a guide to optimize LID layouts for sponge city construction, which can also provide optimal selection for other sponge city constructions.

scholarly journals Urban Rain Flood Ecosystem Design Planning and Feasibility Study for the Enrichment of Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5205
Author(s):  
Yixin Zhou ◽  
Ashutosh Sharma ◽  
Mehedi Masud ◽  
Gurjot Singh Gaba ◽  
Gaurav Dhiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Flooding Risk ◽  
City Construction ◽  
The City

The urban flooding situations have arisen in the modern scenario of urbanization due to climatic changes. This work contributes to designing a planned and feasible urban rain flood ecosystem to promote the construction of a sponge city. It has various advantages of improving the water environment, controlling urban waterlogging, reducing runoff pollution, improving river and lake water quality, recycling rainwater resources, replenishing groundwater, and many more. This paper combines the design methods and advantages of the design results formed in decades using traditional regulation and utilizing it for the present study. It reconstructs and integrates the traditional regulation and sponge city construction requirements, thereby providing a feasible urban rain-flood ecosystem in the industrial and smart city scenario. Finally, the regulation of new paddy areas in Yanjin city of China is considered for experimentation, and the design of the regulation is applied using this setup. The design results obtained from the test of sponge city construction have operability and can improve the urban environment and enhance the vitality of the city. The control plan’s design results integrating the sponge city idea can provide effective technical support and guarantee the overall urban environment. The work presented in this article can assess and plan the flood mitigation measures to monitor this type of situation leading to flooding risk reduction in smart cities.

Permeable Brick Material and Process Selection Based on Sponge City Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 980 ◽  
pp. 254-265
Author(s):  
Zi Yao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
New Type ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Cementing Material

Based on the background of sponge city, this paper discusses the necessity of studying permeable bricks from the permeable pavement, reviews the research on permeable bricks of industrial waste in China and abroad. Based on the mutual exclusion of materials and permeable bricks, a comparative analysis was carried out. Finally, the optimal permeable brick bricking method and a new type of cementing material—geopolymer were proposed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sponge City Construction for Reducing Directly Connected Impervious Areas on Hydrological Responses at the Urban Catchment Scale

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changmei Liang ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Jun Xia ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Dunxian She
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Impervious Areas

Low-impact development (LID) has been widely used at both site-specific and local scales to try and mitigate the impact of urban stormwater runoff caused by increasing impervious urban areas. Recently, the concept of a “sponge city” was proposed by the Chinese government, which includes LID controls at the source, a pipe drainage system midway, and a drainage system for excess stormwater at the terminal. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of sponge city construction at the large urban catchment scale, particularly with different spatial distributions of LIDs that reduce directly connected impervious areas (DCIAs). In this paper, the performances of five design scenarios with different spatial distributions but same sizes of LID controls at the urban catchment scale were analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) of the United States Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)—based Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and MIKE 11 of Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) in Xining City, China. Results confirmed the effectiveness of sponge city construction in reducing the urban stormwater runoff. The hydrological performance reduction was positively correlated and linearly dependent on DCIA reduction. Peak flow reduction was most sensitive to DCIA reduction, followed by runoff volume and peak time. As rainfall intensity increased, the hydrological performance was more sensitive to rainfall intensity than DCIA reduction. Results of this study provide new insights for stormwater managers to implement LID more effectively at the urban catchment scale.

scholarly journals Coupling of SWMM With 2D Hydrodynamic Model for Simulation of Sponge City Construction Scheme

2021 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Yuyan Fan ◽  
Chengwen Wang ◽  
Haijun Yu ◽  
Junhao Pan ◽  
Zilu Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Construction Scheme ◽  
City Construction

scholarly journals Pesticide Usage Is Compromising People’s Health in the United States: Ideas for Reducing Damages

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Terence J. Centner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Registration Process ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Pesticide Usage ◽  
Pesticide Registration

The development of synthetic pesticides has provided new tools for addressing troublesome pests. A review of parts of the registration process for pesticides in the United States identifies an outdated evaluation system that undervalues health damages. Registration fails to adequately consider co‑formulants and effects of exposure to multiple chemicals. Frustration with failures to protect people and property from damages accompanying pesticide usage has led injured plaintiffs to resort to tort lawsuits to secure relief. However, litigation involves compensating injured persons after they are injured rather than preventing injury. A more proactive approach would be to prevent situations that injure people. This paper offers four ideas to reduce health damages accompanying pesticide usage. Slight adjustments to pesticide registration requirements can offer greater protection for people’s health.

Examining the Relationship Between Racialized Poverty Segregation and Hazardous Industrial Facilities in the U.S. Over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110134
Author(s):  
Kerry Ard ◽  
Kevin Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Over Time

Scholars interested in understanding the unequal exposure to environmental harms by race and class have often relied on urban sociological theory. Specifically, the argument that the outmigration of middle-class Whites and African Americans from America’s industrial areas, as well as the decline in manufacturing employment in these communities, concentrated minority poverty around industrial sites. These nested, community-level, processes have not yet been measured as such in the environmental inequality literature. This article addresses this limitation by using spatial measures of poverty segregation between and within racial groups. Multilevel models are presented that examine how the density of industrial facilities is related to the economic health of a host-tract, the broader economic context of the county, and the level of poverty segregation (both within and between racial/ethnic groups). Results demonstrate that there is a spatial separation of the economic benefits and environmental harms across the United States, a pattern that has remained consistent over time.

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