scholarly journals Skeletal Deformity of Scoliosis in Gilthead Seabreams (Sparus aurata): Association with Changes to Calcium-Phosphor Hydroxyapatite Salts and Collagen Fibers

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaia Boursiaki ◽  
Charitini Theochari ◽  
Stefanos Zaoutsos ◽  
Eleni Mente ◽  
Dimitris Vafidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Collagen Fibril ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Skeletal Deformity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fibril Morphology ◽  
Scoliosis Deformity

The development of skeletal deformities in seabream farming affects fish growth, survival, and production costs. Collagen distribution in different fish tissues might be correlated with swimming behavior. This study investigates whether scoliosis in seabreams is associated with changes to calcium-phosphor hydroxyapatite salts and collagen fibril morphology. Samples of decalcified vertebrae of scoliotic and non-scoliotic seabreams were examined with transmission electron microscopy and collagen micrographs were taken and analyzed. The mineral content, modulus of elasticity, and morphology of the vertebrae were also determined. The results indicated that fish with scoliosis had significant smaller mean vertebral collagen fibril diameters than the controls. Vertebrae in abdominal and caudal regions of the scoliotic seabreams appeared to be smaller than the respective vertebrae of the non-deformed seabreams. The calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) amounts of vertebrae of both scoliotic and non-scoliotic seabreams were not affected by the scoliosis deformity. The modulus of elasticity showed that the vertebrae from seabreams with scoliosis were more flexible than the vertebrae from seabreams without any skeletal deformity. The mechanical properties of bone are crucially dependent on collagen structure. Hence, how the vertebral column collagen of juvenile fish is related to the mechanism of deformities requires further investigation in order to provide a risk-reducing strategy to increase fish performance in aquaculture.

Growth and development of collagen fibrils in immature tissues from rat and sheep

1981 ◽  
Vol 212 (1186) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Collagen Fibril ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fibril Diameter

The collagen fibril diameter distribution of four immature tissues from both rat and sheep have been determined from transverse sections observed in the transmission electron microscope. In many instances before birth, the form of the distribution for the tissues is both unimodal and sharp and the mean diameters of the distributions lie close to a multiple of 80 Å. For some tissues, the collagen fibril diameter distributions may be resolved into a number of components, each of which represents a population of fibrils with a diameter close to a multiple of 80 Å (8 nm). These data confirm and extend previous observations by the authors that small collagen fibrils all have diameters that are multiples of about 80 Å and that the fibril growth occurs by the accretion of 80 Å units. The form of the collagen fibril diameter distribution at birth is broad for the sheep tissues but narrow for the rat tissues, thus confirming that the range of fibril diameters at this stage of life reflects the differing degree of development of precocious and altricious animals.

Stress Dependent Collagen Fibril Diameter Distribution in Human Aortic Valves

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelique Balguid ◽  
Anita Mol ◽  
Niels Driessen ◽  
Carlijn Bouten ◽  
Frank Baaijens
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Collagen Fibril ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Fibril Morphology ◽  
Stress Dependent ◽  
Collagenous Tissues ◽  
Fibril Diameter

The mechanical properties of collagenous tissues are known to depend on a wide variety of factors, such as the type of tissue and the composition of its extracellular matrix. Relating mechanical roles to individual matrix components in such a complex system is difficult, if not impossible. However, as collagen is the main load bearing component in connective tissues, the relation between collagen and tissue biomechanics has been studied extensively in various types of tissues. The type of collagen, the amount and type of inter- and intramolecular covalent cross-links and collagen fibril morphology are involved in the tissues mechanical behavior (Beekman et al., 1997; Parry et al., 1978; Avery and Bailey, 2005). From literature it is known that the the collagen fibril diameter distribution can be directly related to the mechanical properties of the tissue. In particular, the diameter distribution of collagen fibrils is largely determined by the tissues requirement for tensile strength and elasticity (Parry et al., 1978).

scholarly journals Nanostructural and mechanical changes in the sclera following proteoglycan depletion

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Zhuola Zhuola ◽  
Steve Barrett ◽  
Yalda Ashraf Kharaz ◽  
Riaz Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Collagen Fibril ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Nanomechanical Properties ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Fibril Morphology

The mechanical properties of ocular tissues, such as the sclera, have a major impact on healthy eye function, and are governed by the properties and composition of the microstructural components. For example, biomechanical degradation associated with myopia occurs alongside a reduction of proteoglycans (PGs). In this study, the role of PG degradation in the nanomechanical properties of the porcine sclera is explored. In-vitro enzymatic degradation of PGs was conducted with α-amylase and chondroitinase ABC enzymes. Collagen fibril morphology and nanomechanical stiffness were measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The elastic modulus of the tissue was reduced in all enzyme-treated samples relative to controls. In addition, collagen fibril organization was disrupted by PG depletion. Our data demonstrate that PGs play an important role in determining not only the mechanical properties at these length scales, but also collagen fibril arrangement.

Variability in the growth, feeding and condition of barramundi (Lates calcarifer Bloch) in a northern Australian coastal river and impoundment

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 928 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Russell ◽  
F. E. Thomson ◽  
P. A. Thuesen ◽  
T. N. Power ◽  
R. J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Tropical Australia ◽  
Coastal River ◽  
Freshwater River ◽  
River Fish

Lates calcarifer supports important fisheries throughout tropical Australia. Community-driven fish stocking has resulted in the creation of impoundment fisheries and supplemental stocking of selected wild riverine populations. Using predominantly tag–recapture methods, condition assessment and stomach flushing techniques, this study compared the growth of stocked and wild L. calcarifer in a tropical Australian river (Johnstone River) and stocked fish in a nearby impoundment (Lake Tinaroo). Growth of L. calcarifer in the Johnstone River appeared resource-limited, with juvenile fish in its lower freshwater reaches feeding mainly on small aytid shrimp and limited quantities of fish. Growth was probably greatest in estuarine and coastal areas than in the lower freshwater river. Fish in Lake Tinaroo, where prey availability was greater, grew faster than either wild or stocked fish in the lower freshwater areas of the Johnstone River. Growth of L. calcarifer was highly seasonal with marked declines in the cooler months. This was reflected in both stomach fullness and the percentage of fish with empty stomachs but the condition of L. calcarifer was similar across most sites. In areas where food resources appear stretched, adverse effects on resident L. calcarifer populations and their attendant prey species should be minimised through cessation of, or more conservative, stocking practices.

Collagen Characteristics and Organization during the Progression of Cholesterol-Induced Atherosclerosis in Japanese Quail

2001 ◽  
Vol 226 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra G. Velleman ◽  
Richard J. McCormick ◽  
Daniel Ely ◽  
Bradley B. Jarrold ◽  
Ruthi A. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Collagen Fibril ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

This study reports the concentration of collagen and its hydroxypyridinoline crosslinks, collagen fibril organization in the dorsal aortas, and systolic blood pressure during the progression of atherosclerosis in Japanese quail selected for cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis. The quail were placed on either a control or 0.5% cholesterol-added diet at approximately 16 weeks of age. The concentration of total collagen did not change in the control arteries during the course of the study, whereas at 5 and 10 weeks of cholesterol feeding, collagen levels decreased in the cholesterol-fed birds. Hydroxypyridinoline concentration increased during the duration of the study in the cholesterol-fed birds and by 15 and 20 weeks of cholesterol feeding, levels were significantly increased over those observed in the control arteries. Transmission electron microscopy showed changes in the organization of collagen fibrils. Increased systolic blood pressure was noted beginning at 10 weeks of cholesterol feeding, which is suggestive of other systemic changes induced by hypercholesterolemia. These results demonstrated remodeling of the collagen component of the dorsal aorta extracellular matrix during the progression of atherosclerosis and are suggestive of other systemic cardiovascular system changes.

Energetic Constraints of Juvenile Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Migrating in Estuaries

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1555-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Wissmar ◽  
Charles A. Simenstad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Juvenile Chum Salmon ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Migration

Experiments on fish feeding behavior, field measures of fish sizes, migration rate, and prey resources, and an energetic growth model are used to evaluate the growth of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during outmigration in an estuary. Fish growth is defined as the difference between energy intake and metabolic costs. Energy intake is estimated from prey densities and foraging parameters, namely pursuit swimming speeds and energetic expenditures, and prey handling and encounter rates. Relationships for foraging parameters as functions of fish sizes and field prey abundance are used to evaluate energy intake by fish in the estuary. This information and calculations of metabolic costs allow predictions of fish growth during the migration. Results show that metabolic costs of maintenance and migration lie in a delicate balance with food intake and growth. Growth efficiencies exceeding 20% occur when metabolic expenditures decline and energy intake rates permit growth without depletion of the food supply. Defining such energetic balances facilitates characterization of carrying capacities of coastal ecosystems and has implications for enhancement of juvenile fish growth and, in turn, fish survival and production at sea.

scholarly journals Effect on Intermediary Metabolism and Digestive Parameters of the High Substitution of Fishmeal with Insect Meal in Sparus aurata Feed

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Dmitri Fabrikov ◽  
María del Carmen Vargas-García ◽  
Fernando G. Barroso ◽  
María José Sánchez-Muros ◽  
Sylvia María Cacua Ortíz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Fish Performance

Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor were tested on account of their potential to replace fish protein in feed. Two levels of replacement for H. illucens, 30% and 50% (H30 and H50), and one for T. molitor, 50% (T50), as well as an additional diet with a modified fatty acid fraction (H50M), were investigated in relation to juvenile Sparus aurata growth indices, enzyme activities and gut microbiome. A T50 diet showed similar results to a control (C) diet, with no significant differences regarding morphological indices and minor differences for nutritional indices. Regarding the gut microbiome, H50M was the diet which showed the more similar prokaryotic community to C, which suggests that fatty acid fractions might influence the composition of the gut microbiome. Nevertheless, differences appeared to be related to a redistribution of dominant species, while changes in species affiliation were limited to minoritary species. The positive correlation between some of these minoritary species (Peptostreptococcus russellii, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Weisella confusa) and several fish growth parameters might explain differences between control and insect diets. Deciphering such uncertainty and revealing the potential role these unusual species may play on fish performance should be addressed in future investigations.

scholarly journals Molecular biodiversity under ocean warming: proteomics and fitness data provide clues for a better understanding of thermal tolerance in fish

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Madeira ◽  
José Eduardo Araújo ◽  
Rui Vitorino ◽  
Pedro Costa ◽  
Catarina Vinagre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Cellular Stress Response ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Nursery Ground

Ocean warming is known to alter the performance of marine organisms albeit the proteome underpinnings of thermal tolerance are still largely unknown. Following a 1-month exposure to elevated temperatures we assessed the vulnerability of the proteome in the sea bream Sparus aurata to ocean warming. Fish were exposed to 18°C (control), 24°C (nursery ground) and 30 °C (heat wave year 2100). Survival was impaired after 28 days, mainly at 30°C although fishes’ condition was unaltered. Protein expression profiles (assessed at 14 and 21 days) were similar between fish exposed to 18 and 24ºC, differing substantially from fish exposed to 30ºC. Fish subjected to 24ºC showed enhanced glycolysis and decreased glycogenolysis mainly at 14 days of exposure. Fish subjected to 30ºC also showed enhanced glycolysis and up-regulated proteins related to gene expression, cellular stress response (CSR), and homeostasis. However, inflammatory processes were elicited at 21 days along with a down-regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Thus, juvenile fish acclimated to 24 but not to 30ºC as a result of increasing physiological constraints associated with metabolic scope available for performance at higher temperatures. Consequently, recruitment of sea breams may be in jeopardy with potential effects on population persistence and distribution.

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