scholarly journals Real-Time Burst Detection in District Metering Areas in Water Distribution System Based on Patterns of Water Demand with Supervised Learning

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingjie Huang ◽  
Naifu Zhu ◽  
Dibo Hou ◽  
Jinyu Chen ◽  
Yao Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Burst Detection ◽  
Pipe Burst ◽  
Dynamic Time

This paper proposes a new method to detect bursts in District Metering Areas (DMAs) in water distribution systems. The methodology is divided into three steps. Firstly, Dynamic Time Warping was applied to study the similarity of daily water demand, extract different patterns of water demand, and remove abnormal patterns. In the second stage, according to different water demand patterns, a supervised learning algorithm was adopted for burst detection, which established a leakage identification model for each period of time, respectively, using a sliding time window. Finally, the detection process was performed by calculating the abnormal probability of flow during a certain period by the model and identifying whether a burst occurred according to the set threshold. The method was validated on a case study involving a DMA with engineered pipe-burst events. The results obtained demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively detect bursts, with a low false-alarm rate and high accuracy.

scholarly journals Improving the rapidity of responses to pipe burst in water distribution systems: a comparison of statistical process control methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghwi Jung ◽  
Doosun Kang ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Kevin Lansey
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Statistical Process Control ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Burst Detection ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Pipe Burst ◽  
Nodal Pressure

A pipe burst is a major water distribution system failure. Water escapes the network through the break increasing the total flow entering the network. These higher flows, in turn, increase the head losses in pipes and result in lower water pressures at customer taps. This study focuses on burst detection by seeking to identify anomalies in net system demand, pipe flow rates, and nodal pressure heads. Three univariate statistical process control (SPC) methods (the Western Electric Company rules, the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method, and the exponentially weighted moving average [EWMA]) and three multivariate SPC methods (Hotelling T2 method and multivariate versions of CUSUM and EWMA) are compared with respect to their detection effectiveness and efficiency. First, the three univariate methods are tested using real system burst detection and then the six SPC methods are compared using synthetic data. The real application using net system demand shows that burst flows are proportionally too small to be detected. Synthetic data analyses suggest that the univariate EWMA method using nodal pressure provides the highest detectability. The method's long record length helps detect small bursts and avoid false detection. SPC methods require consistent system operations for measurements beyond total area flow.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Performance Analysis and Modeling of Water Supply Distribution System of Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalchisa Milkecha ◽  
Habtamu Itefa
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
The University

This study was conducted generally by aiming assessment of the hydraulic performance of water distribution systems of Addis Ababa Science and Technology University (AASTU). In line with the main objective, this study addressed, (1) pinpointing problems of existing water supply versus demand deficit (2) evaluating the hydraulic performance of water distribution system using water GEMS and (3) recommended alternative methods for improving water demand scenarios. The University’s water supply distribution network layout was a looped system and the flow of water derived by both gravity and pressurized system. The gravity flow served for the academic and administrative staffs whereas the pressurized system of the network fed the students dormitories, cafeteria’s etc. The study revealed the existence of unmet minimum pressure requirement around the student dormitories which accounts 25.64% below the country’s building code standard during the peak hour consumption. The result of the water demand projection showed an increment of 2.5 liter per capita demand (LPCD) in every five years. Hence, first, the university’s water demand was projected and then hydraulic parameters such as; pressure, head loss and velocity were modeled for both the existing and the improved water supply distribution. The finding of the study was recommended to the university’s water supply project and institutional development offices for its future modification and rehabilitation works.

scholarly journals Optimal meter placement for pipe burst detection in water distribution systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medhanie Hagos ◽  
Donghwi Jung ◽  
Kevin E. Lansey
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Flow ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Burst Detection ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Meter Placement ◽  
Pipe Burst ◽  
Optimal Meter Placement

Pipe bursts in water distribution systems (WDS) must be rapidly detected to minimize the loss of system functionality and recovery time. Pipe burst is the most common failure in WDS. It results in water loss out of the system, increased head losses, and low pressure at the customers' taps. Therefore, effective and efficient detection of pipe bursts can improve system resilience. To this end, this study proposes an optimal meter placement model to identify meter locations that maximize detection effectiveness for a given number of meters and type of meter. The linear programming model is demonstrated on a modified Austin EPANET hydraulic network. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for alternative pressure and flow meters are applied to investigate the relationship between the level of available information and pipe burst detection effectiveness. The optimal sensor locations were distinctly different depending on the type of meter and the objective to be considered. The ROC curves for alternative pressure and pipe flow meters showed that pipe flow meters are vulnerable to false alarms, and that using many pipe flow meters could detect all pipe bursts. Pressure meters could detect up to 82% of the burst events.

scholarly journals Study on Pipe Burst Detection Frame Based on Water Distribution Model and Monitoring System

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Cheng ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Hongji Fang ◽  
Dandan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Burst Detection ◽  
Pipe Burst ◽  
Burst Event ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes an infrastructure to detect burst events in a water distribution network, which we illustrate using the Guangzhou water distribution system (WDS). We consider three issues: The feasibility and capability of accurate detection, the layout and design of the monitoring infrastructure, and the burst event detection algorithm. Background noise is identified by analyzing the monitored data. A burst event can be accurately detected only when the impact of the burst can be differentiated from the background noise. We hypothesize that there is a minimum pipe diameter below which accurate burst detection is impossible. We found that data from at least two sensors close to the burst event are required to reduce detection errors.

Water Leakage Detection for Complex Pipe Systems Using Hybrid Learning Algorithm Based on ANFIS Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barış Can Yalçın ◽  
Cihan Demir ◽  
Murat Gökçe ◽  
Ahmet Koyun
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Anfis Method

In most city water distribution systems, a considerable amount of water is lost because of leaks occurring in pipes. Moreover, an unobservable fluid leakage fault that may occur in a hazardous industrial system, such as nuclear power plant cooling process or chemical waste disposal, can cause both environmental and economical disasters. This situation generates crucial interest for industry and academia due to the financial cost related with public health risks, environmental responsibility, and energy efficiency. In this paper, to find a reliable and economic solution for this problem, adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) method which consists of backpropagation and least-squares learning algorithms is proposed for estimating leakage locations in a complex water distribution system. The hybrid algorithm is trained with acceleration, pressure, and flow rate data measured through the sensors located on some specific points of the complex water distribution system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is discussed comparing the results with the current methods popularly used in this area.

scholarly journals Flexible and deterministic household water saving under water demand uncertainty: existing water distribution system and sanitary sewer perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Basupi
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Sanitary Sewer ◽  
Household Water

Abstract An integrated method that evaluates conflicting hydraulic performances of water distribution systems (WDSs) and sanitary sewers (SSs) considering water-saving schemes (WSSs) under fixed (deterministic) or uncertain water demands was formulated. WSSs considered include household water-saving fixtures and appliances whose water flows impact water distribution system (WDS) and sanitary sewer (SS) hydraulic performances in different ways. In the proposed flexible approach, a multi-objective optimisation problem was formulated and solved considering trade-offs of three objectives: (1) maximisation of the average cost savings (2) maximisation of the average WDS resilience index and (3) minimisation of the average SS self-cleansing velocity deficit factor. The decision variables include water-saving fixture and appliance capacities that are applied in a deterministic or flexible manner at a household level. The constraints include WDS and SS hydraulic requirements together with decision bounds of the available water-saving scheme capacities. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was used to obtain trade-off solutions. This method was demonstrated in the corresponding WDS and SS network subsystems of Tsholofelo extension in Gaborone, Botswana. The results indicate that WSSs lead to visibly conflicting WDS and SS hydraulic performances. Moreover, considering uncertainty inherent in water demand and the corresponding planning and management of WDSs and SSs provides more sustainable solutions as demand uncertainties unveil.

Optimization of pumping schedule based on forecasting the hourly water demand in Seoul

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Kim ◽  
J.Y. Koo ◽  
H.Y. Kim ◽  
Y.J. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Pumping Cost

In modern water distribution systems, pumping accounts for a large portion of the costs; therefore, water utilities need to reduce the pumping cost. The purpose of this study was to reduce and optimize the pumping costs. The study area was composed of one filtration plant, five reservoirs and 3 pumping stations. The IP (Integer programming) method used for the optimization, as it gave a global solution, with the pump controlled as either on or off. It is necessary to correctly forecast the hourly water demand to obtain an IP solution as both the optimized pumping schedule and low limitation of the reservoir are dependent on this factor. Therefore, three methods (time index, multiple regression + time index & Fourier series + transfer ARIMA) were compared to forecast the hourly water demand. As a result of these comparisons, the multiple regression + time index model was selected. The low limitation of the reservoir was also determined depending on the correction of the hourly water demand model. The optimization of pumping in the water distribution system had previously been simulated for 3 months using the IP. As a result of this simulation, it was found that the pumping cost could be reduced by 12.2%∼38.7%.

scholarly journals Research on Hydraulic Safety Assessment of Water Distribution Systems

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733
Author(s):  
Weiping Cheng ◽  
Yongxin Shen ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Zipeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Local System ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Key Issues

There are two key issues in the safety assessment of the water distribution system (WDS). One is how to evaluate the safety levels of water supply for customers, while the other is how to describe the importance of a pipe for the global or local WDS. The water demand guarantee rate (DGR) and the water demand failure rate (DFR) are proposed. The mathematical expectations of the DGR and DFR describe the average customer’s water safety levels for the first issue. Moreover, the unit influence of pipe failure (UIPF) is put forward for the second issue. It describes the importance of the pipe for the global or local system. Several cases show how to calculate the above values with the pressure-driven model. It is also shown how to find key pipelines in the WDS. The results show that the method can provide an effective reference for real-life WDS management.

scholarly journals Application of genetic programming to modeling pipe failures in water distribution systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Qiuwen Chen ◽  
Weifeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Programming ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
Failure Models

The water loss from a water distribution system is a serious problem for many cities, which incurs enormous economic and social loss. However, the economic and human resource costs to exactly locate the leakage are extraordinarily high. Thus, reliable and robust pipe failure models are demanded to assess a pipe's propensity to fail. Beijing City was selected as the case study area and the pipe failure data for 19 years (1987–2005) were analyzed. Three different kinds of methods were applied to build pipe failure models. First, a statistical model was built, which discovered that the ages of leakage pipes followed the Weibull distribution. Then, two other models were developed using genetic programming (GP) with different data pre-processing strategies. The three models were compared thereafter and the best model was applied to assess the criticality of all the pipe segments of the entire water supply network in Beijing City based on GIS data.

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