scholarly journals A Methodology for the Design of RTC Strategies for Combined Sewer Networks

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kroll ◽  
Marjoleine Weemaes ◽  
Jan Van Impe ◽  
Patrick Willems
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Large Case

While real-time control (RTC) is considered an established means of performance improvement for existing urban drainage networks, practical applications are frequently only documented for large case studies, and many operators are still reluctant to adopt RTC into their own systems. The purpose of the presented study is to highlight the potential of RTC also for smaller networks by the example of five representative catchments in Flanders, Belgium, and to demonstrate a novel methodology for the automated design of control strategies. This method analyses a given sewer network for the identification of suitable existing and new control locations. The gathered information is used in a second step for the design of control algorithms according to generic control concepts documented in the literature, such as e.g., “Equal Filling Degree”. The resulting RTC strategy uses sensible default parameters, and can form a starting point for further refinement through optimization or manual tuning. With a modelled total combined sewer overflow volume reduction of 20% to 50%, the created strategies showed generally good performance for the tested catchments. The method proved to be applicable for all tested networks. Its use for the real-life implementation of RTC is currently under way for 10 other Flemish cases.

Real Time Control within a Combined Sewer System: Comparison of Practical and Theoretical Results

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael. Weyand
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Practical Investigations ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Detention Tank ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Combined Sewer

Application of real time control systems within sewer networks is one of different possible measures taken against the problems with storm water runoff and combined sewer overflows (CSO) in urbanized areas. Practical investigations concerning the effect of this alternative way to reduce CSO have been made during four years in the sewer network of the community Ense-Bremen (near Dortmund). An implemented simple control strategy manages the flow and storage events aiming at an even degree of storage capacity at any detention tank and at any time. The comparison with model calculations, reveals that there are differences between both results especially those concerning the basin out-flows. These differences are mainly caused by the constraints of practical operation. Therefore it is necessary to develop control strategies considering these facts within its practical course.

Effet de la propagation non linéaire des débits sur le contrôle en temps réel des débordements de réseaux unitaires

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Lucie Wilson ◽  
Denis Isabel ◽  
Jean-Pierre Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Prediction Horizon ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Combined Sewer System ◽  
Propagation Non Linéaire

A number of reports on simulations of real-time control of combined sewer system runoff have been published. Most of the control strategies suggested use linear models to calculate discharge routing. We used a nonlinear model for discharge routing and some of our findings differ from those obtained in earlier studies. In particular, it appears that the prediction horizon used for control optimization could be favourably shorter than the time of system flow-through. Key words: combined sewer system overflow, real-time control, nonlinear programming, discharge propagation. [Journal translation]

Real time control of a combined sewer system using radar-measured precipitation - results of the pilot study

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
A. Petruck ◽  
E. Holtmeier ◽  
A. Redder ◽  
B. Teichgräber
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Combined Sewer System

Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband have developed a method to use radar-measured precipitation as an input for a real-time control of a combined sewer system containing several overflow structures. Two real-time control strategies have been developed and tested, one is solely volume-based, the other is volume and pollution-based. The system has been implemented in a pilot study in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. During the project the system was optimised and is now in constant operation. It was found, that the volume of combined sewage overflow could be reduced by 5 per cent per year. This was also found in simulations carried out in similar catchment areas. Most of the potential of improvement can already be achieved by local pollution-based control strategies.

General assessment of potential CSO reduction by means of real time control

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jørgensen ◽  
Wolfgang Schilling ◽  
Poul Harremoës
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Optimum Control ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer

A number of case studies have been carried out in which the potential reduction of combined sewer overflows (CSO) by means of real time control (RTC) is assessed for existing sewer systems. It is an inherent problem of case studies that results cannot necessarily be generalized. In this paper results of a systematic investigation of hypothetical combined sewer systems are presented. The systems were characterized in terms of their topological structure, size, type and arrangement of storage and transport elements. The RTC optimization model LOCUS was applied to simulate the performance of local control and of optimum control strategies. The results are expressed as “CSO reduction achieved by optimum control, compared to the locally controlled system”. General conclusions are drawn with respect to possible CSO reduction for a system with given topology, storage and transport characteristics. Finally, these are compared to some case studies reported in the literature in order to verify and show the general applicability of the findings.

Monitoring runoff conditions in a combined sewer system: experience and results of ten years' application

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
M. Weyand
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Complete Breakdown ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Detention Facilities

To get knowledge about the runoff, storage and combined sewer overflow (CSO) conditions since 1985 a measuring and monitoring system is working in the sewer network of the community Ense-Bremen (near Dortmund). Within this semi-urban catchment seven detention facilities are fitted out with devices for monitoring information about basin outflow, grade of volume and CSO. Since October 1986 the determined data are also used for the real-time control of that sewerage. Since its installation the monitoring system works rather satisfyingly. Especially the operating staff use its possibilities to get information about the actual condition of the sewer system. Thus, differences to the normal runoff conditions can be realised in very short time. That allows an immediate reaction in order to clear malfunctions or errors as well. However, within the ten years there have also occurred some failures at the measuring devices caused by different reasons up to a complete breakdown of the whole system during thunder-storms. All in all the results of that pilot project have been positive and are now the basis for the equipment of further detention facilities in other sewer systems with monitoring devices.

Pollution based real time control strategies for combined sewer systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Weinreich ◽  
Wolfgang Schilling ◽  
Ane Birkely ◽  
Tallak Moland
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Tunnel System

This paper presents results from an application of a newly developed simulation tool for pollution based real time control (PBRTC) of urban drainage systems. The Oslo interceptor tunnel is used as a case study. The paper focuses on the reduction of total phosphorus Ptot and ammonia-nitrogen NH4-N overflow loads into the receiving waters by means of optimized operation of the tunnel system. With PBRTC the total reduction of the Ptot load is 48% and of the NH4-N load 51%. Compared to the volume based RTC scenario the reductions are 11% and 15%, respectively. These further reductions could be achieved with a relatively simple extension of the operation strategy.

Radar-aided CSO-control-criteria for an ecological approach

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
A. Petruck ◽  
F. Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Critical Time ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Receiving Stream ◽  
Control Criteria

The control strategy of a combined sewer system incorporating three stormwater storage tanks with overflows presented here attempts to consider all aspects of acute CSO effects. These are the hydraulic and the composition components as well as the time factor. The result is an integrated approach, which is not based on the classic emission view (i.e. reduction of volume), but on pollution criteria (i.e. possible harm to the biotic community). The aim is to reduce the exceeding of critical peak values of the CSO components at critical time intervals. Control decisions will be based on continuous measurements in the sewer system and in the receiving stream. Furthermore the measurements are carried out to determine the effects (both hydraulic and chemical) of particular CSO discharges in order to evolve the critical values for the project area. The chemical and physical measurements are accompanied by a biological monitoring programme. Macroinvertebrates are sampled upstream and downstream of outfalls and at a reference site. This allows the evaluation of the control measures on an ecological basis, and thus an assessment of the ecological potential of radar-aided real-time control of the combined sewer systems.

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