scholarly journals Sustainable Water Management in Iraq (Kurdistan) as a Challenge for Governmental Responsibility

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Yousuf ◽  
Nada Rapantova ◽  
Jalal Younis
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Local Water ◽  
The Eu

During the last few decades, a critical scarcity of water has occurred in the Middle East due to climate change and the mismanagement of water resources. The situation is complicated by the absence of an effective legislative framework at the local level as well as by the incapability and disrepute of the local water authorities. Most Iraqi citizens depend on the surface waters of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which have their sources in upstream neighbouring countries. Water crises concerning the shared waters urgently require a solution at the international level. Unfortunately, Iraq has faced several wars in a row (1980–2003), which has prevented the country from establishing its institutions. The rapid increase in the population of the transboundary countries on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and the high demands on agriculture, are accelerating water exploitation. In this paper, the present state of water management in Iraq from the viewpoint of the legislative framework, water balance, and transboundary issues will be discussed, with special attention to Kurdistan. Many legislative documents have been established or amended by the Iraqi and Kurdistan parliaments since 2003. In 2015, the Kurdistan Government Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, in cooperation with the EU, issued a guide for environmental legislation related to all environmental components such as air, water, and soil. The recommendations on actions needed in the water management in Kurdistan will be presented; they are inspired by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC) implemented in EU member states.

scholarly journals Social Aspects of Transnational Corporations’ Activities in the New EU Member States

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Janina Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Water

Water resources are among the most valuable resources of the natural environment. The sustainable and integrated management of these resources is the basis of European water policy. Pursuant to the Water Framework Directive, all waters in the European Union should achieve a state considered at least good by the year 2015. Just how this objective can be met continues to be a topic of discussions in some of the Member States. There exist serious problems and delays in performing and implementing the provisions of the Directive in most EU countries. What is more, the state of the water economy in several countries, including Poland, has been criticized by the European Commission. Many challenges stand before European water policy. They require solutions on a global and local level. This article presents current key problems and planned directions for EU water policy development, subjected to analysis and assessment. Note is taken on the newest initiative of the European Commission in the area of water policy, especially the plan for protecting Europe’s water resources—the Blueprint to Safeguard Europe’s Water Resources

On-going evaluation of the WFD 2000/60/EC implementation process in the European Union, seven years after its launch: are we behind schedule?

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kanakoudis ◽  
S. Tsitsifli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Water Legislation ◽  
The Eu

Although the European Union (EU) has made some considerable progress regarding protection of water resources (tackling significant problems at national and at EU level), increased efforts are still needed to get and keep its waters clean. After 30 years of developing EU water legislation, all the involved stakeholders express this demand. In 2000, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC, establishing a framework for Community actions regarding protection of water resources, was adopted. Its implementation is now well underway, as most of the EU-Member States have fulfilled their current obligations of submitting their reports. An on-going evaluation of the WFD implementation process is attempted here, based on all available data seven years after its launch. Special focus is given to Greece regarding problems that have occurred.

Analysis of Turkish groundwater legislation and policy regarding international principles and conventions

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2155-2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Devrim Elvan ◽  
Y. Ozhan Turker
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
European Union ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Long Time ◽  
International Conventions

Water resources have shaped the destinies of societies and affected settlement choice of civilizations for centuries. Demand for them is constantly increasing and this surge has become an important threat for water resources due to those excessive demands and variety of usage types; at the same time, balancing the protection and use of ground and surface waters has become more difficult. The progress in legal and corporate structures for water management has been too slow for a long time. In this study, principles of international conventions on groundwater are compared with the relevant Turkish groundwater legislation, which is in the process of harmonization with European Union (EU) acquis under the scope of Turkey's nomination for EU membership. The purpose of this study is to measure the compliance of Turkish legislation on groundwater with the relevant international principles and conventions, and also to analyze legal loopholes in Turkish legislation in accordance with the international principles and conventions to be determined.

scholarly journals Europeanization on the Move

Intersections ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Baer
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Sexual Citizenship ◽  
Sexual Freedom ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Point Of Reference ◽  
The Eu

Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in Wrocław, Poland, the paper analyzes grassroots workings of European sexual citizenship. Against this backdrop, it attempts to problematize a concept of Europeanization as vertical and horizontal diffusion which spreads specific ideas, practices, and institutions among actual and prospective EU Member States. Whereas (neo)liberal LGBT rights, seen as a symbol of Europeanness, have definitely inspired struggles for sexual freedom in Poland, abstract notions of Europe and Europeanization do not form an important point of reference, at least at a local level. Moreover, premises of European sexual citizenship are in many ways contested by non-heteronormative persons unwilling (or unable) to use this frame for the conceptualization of their own experiences. On the other hand, because the EU and neoliberalism constitute significant antagonists of Polish right-wing nationalism, this allows for a certain resignification of interrelated phenomena criticized elsewhere as ‘homonormative’ and ‘homonationalist.’ While these phenomena undoubtedly trigger specific inclusions and exclusions, they also have the potential to contribute to critical citizenship. Consequently, instead of grasping Europeanization in a teleological way, the paper argues for taking it as an image that may fuel social change, variously conceived of.

scholarly journals Хот суурин газрын усны нөөцийн нэгдсэн менежментийн үнэлгээ: Чиг хандлага ба нөлөөллийн тогтолцоо

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Б. Тайванбат ◽  
О. Алтансүх ◽  
М. Энх-Үүр ◽  
K. Van Leeuwen ◽  
Steven H. A. Koop
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Water

The large number of people living together in urban areas requires a comprehensive solutions for issues such as the reasonable allocation and adequate use of natural resources, urban planning, and efficient waste management to meet the city's needs.  One of the main factors influencing the health and comfort of urban residents is the supply of clean water and sewerage systems. Therefore, in order to rationally allocate and use water resources to meet urban needs, and to create a healthy and comfortable living environment for city residents, it is necessary to develop an integrated water resources management plan at the national and basin levels, as well as an integrated water management plan and assessment for city level. In addition to assessing the current state of water management, it is important to identify factors and trends that may further strain water resources to prevent future risks. To address the pressures on water management in Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan, representing Mongolia's urban areas, the City Blueprint Approach, developed by the EU Water   Innovation Partnership and the Dutch Institute of Water Cycle, was used in this study. Currently, this approach is used in about 80 cities in more than 40 countries, it is a relatively new and innovative method among Asian cities. As a result, water management in Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan is hampered by both social, economic, and environmental factors.

Social Capital and Local Water Management in Egypt

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia M. Gouda
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Water User Associations ◽  
Water User ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Donor Agencies

From the 1980s onward, billions of dollars were poured into irrigation improvement programs in Egypt. These aimed at improving local Nile water management through the introduction of more water-efficient technology and by placing management of the improved systems in the hands of local water user associations. The central premise of most of these programs was that the functioning of such associations could rely on the revival of traditional forms of social capital—social networks, norms, and trust—for their success. This book shows how the far-reaching social changes wrought at the village level in Egypt through the twentieth century rendered such a premise implausible at best and invalid at worst. The book examines networks of social relationships and their impact on the exercise of social control and the formation of collective action at the local level and their change over time in four villages in the Delta and Fayoum governorates. Outlining three time frames, pre-1952, 1952–73, and 1973 to the present, and moving between multiple actors—farmers, government officials, and donor agencies—the book shows how institutional and technological changes during each period and the social changes that coincided with them yielded mixed successes for the water user associations in respect of water management.

scholarly journals Guidelines for the introduction of biological systems for revitalization of polluted water and wastewater treatment in strategic documents in Serbia

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Brašanac-Bosanac ◽  
Nevena Čule ◽  
Aleksandar Lučić ◽  
Milorad Veselinović ◽  
Suzana Mitrović
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
State Level ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

Long-term courses of water protection and management are based on the fact that Serbia belongs to the region of UNECE countries (UN Economic Commission for Europe) while most of its territory belongs to the Danube River Basin where countries have established multilateral coordination and cooperation in water management. Since the Republic of Serbia is currently in the process of joining the EU, it is obliged to gradually align its strategic decisions in the field of water to the documents that apply to EU member states. The degree of the state's readiness to join the EU will be assessed based on the adequate introduction of internationally accepted principles of water management into the strategic documents and their establishment and implementation at the state level and within international cooperation in this area. Serbia will not be granted EU membership unless it invests significant funds in wastewater and polluted water treatment, as this is one of the priorities in meeting the criteria to open Chapter 27. The introduction of biological systems into the standard water treatment infrastructure provides higher levels of environmental protection and contributes to the integration of environmental requirements, opinions and principles into the plans and programs that encourage and promote sustainable development. The paper will present the current level of alignment between EU and Serbian water-related legislation and propose specific guidelines for the introduction of biological systems for the treatment of polluted water in strategic documents in Serbia.

scholarly journals Waste Management at the Local Level in the EU and Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Viktor Ladychenko ◽  
Olha Melnychuk ◽  
Liudmyla Golovko ◽  
Oksana Burmak
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Waste Policy ◽  
Solid Municipal Waste ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of theoretical and practical issues related to the implementation of the responsibilities of bodies of local self-government for the management of solid municipal waste according to the Waste Framework Directive. Experience of EU Member States in this sphere was studied. The state of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the requirements of the European Union in the field of waste management has been investigated and proposals for implementation of experience of EU member states were made. Keywords: EU waste policy, EU law, waste management, municipal waste, adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to EU law

A bridge over troubled water – public participation as a possibility for success in water management

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1267-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Carlander ◽  
Chris von Borgstede ◽  
Sverker Jagers ◽  
Eva-Lotta Sundblad
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Latent Constructs ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
Local Water ◽  
The Eu

Public participation in local water councils is one method to involve different actors in the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive. In this study we investigate which beliefs explain why the public participate and also how motives to participate are related to willingness to comply with decisions related to the water management framework. In total 910 respondents answered a web survey regarding their participation in the council work. Structural equation modelling was conducted with willingness to comply and motives to participate as the main dependent latent constructs. Other included latent constructs were perceived need for change, fairness, trust, and social and personal norms. The results show that motives to participate did not have an effect on willingness to comply. Perceived need for change had indirect effects on nearly all latent constructs in the model, and personal norms and social norms (through personal norms) had an effect on willingness to comply. The results are discussed in the context of water management methods.

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU AGREEMENT ON THE SAFETY OF WATER RESOURCES

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Levkovska ◽  
Galina Titarenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Partnership Formation ◽  
Water Management Complex ◽  
The Eu

The article outlines the main problems of public-private partnership formation in the water sector of Ukraine when implementing EU agreements on environmental safety, including in the water sector of Ukraine. The ways of optimization of state financial support for modernization of the water management complex are presented.

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