scholarly journals Organic Amendments Influence Soil Water Depletion, Root Distribution, and Water Productivity of Summer Maize in the Guanzhong Plain of Northwest China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Li Zhao ◽  
Lu-Sheng Li ◽  
Huan-Jie Cai ◽  
Xiao-Hu Shi ◽  
Chao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Summer Maize

Organic amendments improve general soil conditions and stabilize crop production, but their effects on the soil hydrothermal regime, root distribution, and their contributions to water productivity (WP) of maize have not been fully studied. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of organic amendments on soil temperature, water storage depletion (SWSD), root distribution, grain yield, and the WP of summer maize (Zea mays L.) in the Guanzhong Plain of Northwest China. The control treatment (CO) applied mineral fertilizer without amendments, and the three amended treatments applied mineral fertilizer with 20 Mg ha−1 of wheat straw (MWS), farmyard manure (MFM), and bioorganic fertilizer (MBF), respectively. Organic amendments decreased SWSD compared to CO, and the lowest value was obtained in MBF, followed by MWS and MFM. Meanwhile, the lowest mean topsoil (0–10 cm) temperature was registered in MWS. Compared to CO, organic amendments generally improved the root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) of maize. MBF showed the highest RLD across the whole soil profile, while MWS yielded the greatest RWD to 20 cm soil depth. Consequently, organic amendments increased grain yield by 9.9–40.3% and WP by 8.6–47.1% compared to CO, and the best performance was attained in MWS and MBF. We suggest that MWS and MBF can benefit the maize agriculture in semi-arid regions for higher yield, and WP through regulating soil hydrothermal conditions and improving root growth.

scholarly journals Performances of Sheet-Pipe Typed Subsurface Drainage on Land and Water Productivity of Paddy Fields in Indonesia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Chusnul Arif ◽  
Budi Indra Setiawan ◽  
Satyanto Krido Saptomo ◽  
Hiroshi Matsuda ◽  
Koremasa Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Type System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Soil Aeration

Subsurface drainage technology may offer a useful option in improving crop productivity by preventing water-logging in poor drainage paddy fields. The present study compared two paddy fields with and without sheet-pipe type subsurface drainage on land and water productivities in Indonesia. Sheet-pipe typed is perforated plastic sheets with a hole diameter of 2 mm and made from high-density polyethylene. It is commonly installed 30–50 cm below the soil surface and placed horizontally by a machine called a mole drainer, and then the sheets will automatically be a capillary pipe. Two fields were prepared, i.e., the sheet-pipe typed field (SP field) and the non-sheet-pipe typed field (NSP field) with three rice varieties (Situ Bagendit, Inpari 6 Jete, and Inpari 43 Agritan). In both fields, weather parameters and water depth were measured by the automatic weather stations, soil moisture sensors and water level sensors. During one season, the SP field drained approximately 45% more water compared to the NSP field. Thus, it caused increasing in soil aeration and producing a more significant grain yield, particularly for Inpari 43 Agritan. The SP field produced a 5.77 ton/ha grain yield, while the NSP field was 5.09 ton/ha. By producing more grain yield, the SP field was more effective in water use as represented by higher water productivity by 20%. The results indicated that the sheet-pipe type system developed better soil aeration that provides better soil conditions for rice.

Effect of organic amendments on yield-scaled N2O emissions from winter wheat-summer maize cropping systems in Northwest China

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (25) ◽  
pp. 31933-31945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenglian Lv ◽  
Xueyun Yang ◽  
Huanhuan Xu ◽  
Asif Khan ◽  
Shulan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Summer Maize

scholarly journals Root distribution and yield responses of wheat/maize intercropping to alternate irrigation in the arid areas of northwest China  

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Yang ◽  
Q. Chai ◽  
Huang GB
Keyword(s):  
Root Distribution ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
North West ◽  
Weight Density ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Conventional Irrigation

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of alternate irrigation (AI) on root distribution and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping system during the period of 2007–2009 in an oasis of arid north-west China. Five treatments, i.e. sole wheat with conventional irrigation (W), sole maize with alternate irrigation (AM), sole maize with conventional irrigation (CM), wheat/maize intercropping with alternate irrigation (AW/M), and wheat/maize intercropping with conventional irrigation (CW/M). The results showed that root growth was significantly enhanced by alternate irrigation (AI), root weight density (RWD), root length density (RLD) and root-shoot ratios (R/S) in AI treatments were all higher than those in conventional irrigation (CI) treatments. Moreover, intercropped wheat and maize also had a greater root development at a majority of soil depths than wheat and maize in monoculture. In three years, AW/M always achieved the highest total seed yield under different treatments. Higher yield and reduced irrigation resulted in higher water use efficiency (WUE) for the AW/M treatment. Our results suggest that AI should be a useful water-saving irrigation method on wheat/maize intercropping in arid oasis field where intercropping planting is decreased because of limited water resource.

Effect of integrated nutrient management on zinc fractions and rice yield

2019 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Navdeep Singh ◽  
RS Gill ◽  
GS Dheri
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management

Integrated nutrient management (INM) effects chemical transformation of nutrients in soil and plant uptake. This study present the long-term (30 years) effects of integrated nutrient management on zinc (Zn) fractions and rice yield. The treatments include ten combinations of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium applied through mineral fertilizers and substituted through farmyard manure (FYM), green manure (GM) and wheat cut straw (WCS).The distribution of Zn into exchangeable (EXCH), carbonate bound (CARB), organic matter bound (OM), manganese oxides bound (MnOX), amorphous iron oxide bound (AFeOX) and crystalline iron oxide bound (CFeOX) was determined. The effect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on EXCH-Zn was not significant as compared to control, however, EXCH-Zn increased significantly in INM treatments compared to both control and mineral fertilizer in surface soil (0-15 cm). Similarly, CARB-Zn and OM-Zn was significantly higher in INM as compared to control and mineral fertilizer treatments. The distribution of Zn in MnOX, AFeOX and CFeOX fractions was not distinctly affected with long-term fertilizations. In general, concentration of Zn fractions was lower in subsurface soils (15-30 cm) as compared to surface soils. The grain yield of rice increased in order control< mineral fertilizers <INM treatments. The highest grain yield (71.8 q ha-1) was recorded in INM treatment where 25% of the recommended NPK were supplied through GM. The positive and significant correlation of EXCH-Zn (r = 0.714), CARB-Zn (r = 0.601) and OM-Zn(r = 0.648) fractions and Zn uptake in grain showed that the plant availability of Zn depends upon these fractions in soils.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Amendments on the Productivity of Rainfed Lowland Rice in the Kilombero Floodplain of Tanzania

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1280
Author(s):  
Julius Kwesiga ◽  
Kristina Grotelüschen ◽  
Kalimuthu Senthilkumar ◽  
Daniel Neuhoff ◽  
Thomas F. Döring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

Organic amendments can reportedly sustain and increase lowland rice productivity in smallholder systems. Few studies have assessed locally-available substrates in hydrologically variable floodplain environments. We investigated the effects of green and farmyard manures on rice yields, and total soil C and N in the Kilombero floodplain, Tanzania. At both the fringe and the middle positions, five treatments were applied in 2016 and 2017, comprising (1) non-amended control, (2) farmyard manure, (3) pre-rice legumes, (4) post-rice legumes and (5) a combination of green and farmyard manures. Residual treatment effects were assessed in 2018 when rice plots were uniformly non-amended. Depending on the year and the position, organic amendments increased rice grain yields by 0.7–3.1 Mg ha–1 above the non-amended control. Sole green and farmyard manure applications had similar effects on grain yield, while a combination of green and farmyard manure led to a significant increase in grain yield above both the control and sole applications of organic amendments in both years. The contribution from biological N2 fixation by legumes ranged from 4 to 61 kg N ha–1. Despite partial N balances being mostly negative, we observed positive residual effects on the yield of the non-amended rice in the third year. Such effects reached up to 4 Mg ha−1 and were largest with post-rice legumes, sole or combined with farmyard manure. Irrespective of the position in the floodplain, manures significantly increased soil C and N contents after two years, hence enhancing soil fertility and resulting in increased rice grain yields. Comparable benefits may be obtained along the hydrological gradients of other large river floodplains of the region and beyond.

Effects of management practice on properties of a Victorian red-brown earth. 2. Wheat root distribution and grain yield

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Lorimer ◽  
L. A. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Native Pasture

The effects of 5 management practices (native forest, native pasture, phalaris pasture, crop-pasture rotation, and continuous cropping), applied prior to sowing wheat seeds, on the distribution of wheat roots and associated grain yields were studied. The grain yield from the 5 treatments decreased in the following order: crop-pasture rotation > native pasture > phalaris pasture > native forest > continuous cropping, and this was directly related to the distribution of the wheat roots in the respective treatment plots. A high incidence of root disease in the phalaris pasture plots severely restricted root distribution and grain yield despite the apparent ‘ideal’ soil conditions for plant growth. The implications of current land management practices, which lead to the formation of plough-pans and reduced root penetration into the subsoil, are discussed in terms of future wheat production on this soil type.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization affects maize grain yield through regulating nitrogen uptake, radiation and water use efficiency, photosynthesis and root distribution

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10291
Author(s):  
Wennan Su ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Qingfang Han
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
N Application ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Grain

High external nitrogen (N) inputs can maximize maize yield but can cause a subsequent reduction in N use efficiency (NUE). Thus, it is necessary to identify the minimum effective N fertilizer input that does not affect maize grain yield (GY) and to investigate the photosynthetic and root system consequences of this optimal dose. We conducted a 4-year field experiment from 2014 to 2017 with four N application rates: 300 (N300), 225 (N225), 150 (N150), and 0 Kg ha−1 (N0) in the Northwest of China. GY was assessed by measuring the photosynthetic capacity and root system (root volume, surface area, length density and distribution). Grain yield decreased by −3%, 7.7%, and 21.9% when the N application rates decreased by 25%, 50%, and 100% from 300 Kg ha−1. We found that yield reduction driven by N reduction was primarily due to decreased radiation use efficiency (RUE) and WUE instead of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation and evapotranspiration. In the N225 treatment, GY, WUE, and RUE were not significantly reduced, or in some cases, were greater than those of the N300 treatment. This pattern was also observed with relevant photosynthetic and root attributes (i.e., high net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and root weight, as well as deep root distribution). Our results suggest that application of N at 225 Kg ha−1 can increased yield by improving the RUE, WUE, and NUE in semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Effects of different levels of soil moisture and indigenous organic amendments on the yield of boro rice grown under field condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Md Shiful Islam ◽  
Md Harunor Rashid Khan ◽  
Mohammed Sadid Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Mustard Meal ◽  
Moist Condition ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A field study was conducted to determine the potentials of moist (70% soil moisture) and saturated (> 100% soil moisture) soil conditions and organic amendments of rice straw compost (RSC), mustard meal (MM) and trichocompost (TC) on the selected rice varieties of BR 3, local BRRI dhan 29 and BRRI dhan 74 in relation to the growth and yield attributes of rice varieties. The rates of amendments were 0, 4, 8 t/ha for RSC; 0, 3, 6 t/ha for MM and 0, 2.5, 5 t/ha for TC. The maximum grain yield of 8.71 t/ha was attained from the RSC4ML100 and 8.58 t/ha from RSC4ML70 treatments. The moist condition of soil had almost similar effects on the number of productive tillers, grain yield, number of filled and fissured grains, 1000-grain weight and harvest index as compared to saturated condition along with the doses of RSC, MM and TC. The RSC (4 t/ha) was the superior treatment with respect to the growth and yield components of rice followed by the treatments of TC (2.5 t/ha) and MM (3 t/ha), irrespective of rice varieties and moisture levels. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(1): 87-96, 2020 (January)

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