scholarly journals Response of the Meltwater Erosion to Runoff Energy Consumption on Loessal Slopes

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Wang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Jingming Hou ◽  
Zhanbin Li ◽  
Zongping Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Slope ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
The Impact

Soil properties are influenced by freeze-thaw, which in turn influences soil erosion. Despite this, only a few studies have investigated the impacts on soil hydrodynamic processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of soil freezing conditions on runoff, its energy consumption, and soil erosion. A total of 27 laboratory-concentrated meltwater flow experiments were performed to investigate the soil erosion rate, the runoff energy consumption, and the relationship between the soil erosion rate and runoff energy consumption by concentrated flow under combinations of three flow rates (1, 2, and 4 L/min) and three soil conditions (unfrozen, shallow-thawed, and frozen). The individual and combined effects of soil condition, flow rate, and runoff energy consumption on the soil erosion rate were analyzed. For the same flow rate, the shallow-thawed and frozen slope produced mean values of 3.08 and 4.53 times the average soil erosion rates compared to the unfrozen slope, respectively. The number of rills in the unfrozen soil slope were 4, 3, and 2 under the flow rate of 1, 2, and 4 L/min, respectively. The number of rills in the thawed-shallow and frozen soil slope were all 1 under the flow rate of 1, 2, and 4 L/min. The rill displayed disconnected distribution patterns on the unfrozen slope, but a connected rill occurred on the shallow-thawed and frozen slopes. The average rill width on unfrozen, thawed-shallow, and frozen soil slopes increased by 1.87 cm, 4.38 cm, and 1.68 cm as the flow rate increased from 1 L/min to 4 L/min. There was no significant difference in the rill length on the frozen slope under different flow rates (p > 0.05). The runoff energy consumption ranged from unfrozen > shallow-thawed > frozen slopes at the same flow rate. The soil erosion rate had a linear relationship with runoff energy consumption. The spatial distribution of the runoff energy implied that soil erosion was mainly sourced from the unfrozen down slope, shallow-thawed upper slope, and frozen full slope.

scholarly journals Understanding Indigenous Farming Systems in Response to Climate Change: An Investigation into Soil Erosion in the Mountainous Regions of Central Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5091
Author(s):  
Chuong Van Huynh ◽  
Tung Gia Pham ◽  
Tan Quang Nguyen ◽  
Linh Hoang Khanh Nguyen ◽  
Phuong Thi Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
The Impact

Soil erosion is a considerable concern in the upland areas of Central Vietnam. This situation is most serious in regions, where the terrain is sloped and subjected to heavy rainfall. Our research was conducted in a mountainous area, belonging to Central Vietnam, the area of Song Kon commune in the Dong Giang district. The objective of this study is first to estimate the impact of soil erosion risk in these areas, and second to assess the capacity of farming systems which are based on indigenous knowledge (IK) to respond to soil erosion. Our data were collected by Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and processed using Geographical Information System (GIS) methods. We then interpreted this research using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in order to calculate the soil erosion rate. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were also used as measurements to compare the difference of land surface covers between different farming systems. The results showed that the lowest soil erosion rate was found in the narrow valley regions, which are populated by both agricultural and residential areas. On the other hand, soil erosion was extremely high in the more northerly quadrant of our research area. Our findings also indicate that local farmers are highly aware of soil erosion, which has positively influenced the adoption of adaptation measures (AMs) in their agricultural activities. The most common AMs are as follows: changes in cropping patterns, the adjustments of their planting calendars, the use of native varieties, and intercropping methods. These AMs are mediated by the cultural observances of the local ethnic minority peoples in relation to their IK. We have concluded that when farmers apply IK in their farming systems, the soil erosion rate tends to decrease as compared with non-indigenous knowledge (NIK) practices. We hope to bring a better understanding of the processes that shape farmers’ AMs and thereby to develop well-targeted adaptation policies that can then be applied at the local level. Our findings may be instrumental in future adaptation planning and policies in regard to climate change, and that they will help to increase awareness not only in matters of the soil erosion but also in other interconnected aspects of climate change in these areas.

scholarly journals Impact of forest conversion to agricultural plantation on soil erosion

2018 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 04004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Athirah Mohamad ◽  
Mohamad Hidayat Jamal ◽  
Kogila Vani Annammala ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop ◽  
Nor Eliza Alias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
The Impact

Agriculture in Malaysia makes up to twelve percent of the nation’s GDP and is supplying one-third of the world rubber export. Ambitious agriculture demand increases the intensity of forest conversion which is driven to the soil erosion. Thus, this study is to measure and analyse the impact of forest conversion on soil erosion relate to some manipulated variables such as slope, bulk density, soil moisture, canopy openness and ground cover, where rainfall and soil type are constant within the sites. Two different land-uses of High Conservation Value Forest (HCVF) and Mature Rubber Plantation of Timber Latex Clone (MRP) were selected around Kelantan state, due to the high land conversion compared to the other states of West Malaysia. Ground height change was monitored by using Modified Laser Erosion Bridge (MLEB) in between 17 to 48 transects. The result found that the annual soil erosion rate was 76.12 t.ha-1.yr-1 for HCVF is higher compared to the MRP was 6.37 t.ha-1.yr-1. Terrace soil conservation technique is practiced for MRP helps in reducing soil movement resulted significant low erosion rate compared to the HCVF. The results indicate that even a relatively limited forest conversion can be assumed to have a significant effect on regional soil erosion rate.

scholarly journals Influence of DEM resolution on the RUSLE model: Case of abandoned quarries in Settat province (Morocco)

2021 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Nabil Aouichaty ◽  
Yassine Bouslihim ◽  
Said Hilali ◽  
Abdeljalil Zouhri ◽  
Yahya Koulali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Rusle Model ◽  
Topographic Slope ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Loss Rate

Topographic slope information is one of the critical variables, which governs soil erosion. This topographic slope can be derived from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Significant discrepancies are found in the estimation of soil erosion using different DEMs of different resolutions. In the present study, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used for soils in the Settat province (Morocco) to assess the risk of water erosion caused by abandoned quarries. The soil erosion rate was divided into five classes to illustrate the erosion rate variability using two DEMs (30m and 90m). The impact of topography on erosion was determined by calculating the value of the LS factors. In this case, the values obtained vary between 0 - 120.623 for ASTER DEM (30m) and 0 - 10.225 for DEM SRTM (90m). The results also show that most quarries have a soil loss rate that varies between 0 t/ha/year and 8.1 t/ha/year for ASTER DEM (30 m). However, for DEM SRTM (90 m), the soil loss rate is zero. This suggests that RUSLE model users should use high-resolution input data for a close representation of reality and capture the maximum results with reasonable accuracy.

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil Erosion Vulnerability in the Heavily Populated and Ecologically Fragile Communities in Motozintla De Mendoza, Chiapas, Mexico

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selene B. González-Morales ◽  
Alex Mayer ◽  
Neptalí Ramírez-Marcial
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
Kap Survey ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract. The physical aspects and knowledge of soil erosion in six communities in rural Chiapas, Mexico were assessed. Average erosion rates estimated with the RUSLE model ranged from 200 to 1,200 ha−1 yr−1. Most erosion rates are relatively high due to steep slopes, sandy soils and bare land cover. The lowest rates occur where corn is cultivated for much of the year and slopes are relatively low. The results of a knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey showed that two-thirds of respondents believed that the major cause of soil erosion was hurricanes or rainfall and only 14 % of respondents identified human activities as causes of erosion. Forty-two percent of respondents indicated that the responsibility for solving soil erosion problems lies with government, as opposed to 26 % indicating that the community is responsible. More than half of respondents believed that reforestation is a viable option for reducing soil erosion, but only a third of respondents were currently applying reforestation practices and another one-third indicated that they were not following any conservation practices. The KAP results were used to assess the overall level of knowledge and interest in soil erosion problems and their solutions by compiling negative responses. The community of Barrio Vicente Guerrero may be most vulnerable to soil erosion, since it had the highest average negative response and the second highest soil erosion rate. However, Poblado Cambil had the highest estimated soil erosion rate and a relatively low average negative response rate, suggesting that soil conservation efforts should be prioritized for this community. We conclude that as long as the economic and productive needs of the communities are not solved simultaneously, the risk of soil erosion will increase in the future, which threatens the survival of these communities.

scholarly journals Estimation of soil loss using remote sensing and GIS-based universal soil loss equation in northern catchment of Lake Tana Sub-basin, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veera Narayana Balabathina ◽  
R. P. Raju ◽  
Wuletaw Mulualem ◽  
Gedefaw Tadele
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

Abstract Background Soil erosion is one of the major environmental challenges and has a significant impact on potential land productivity and food security in many highland regions of Ethiopia. Quantifying and identifying the spatial patterns of soil erosion is important for management. The present study aims to estimate soil erosion by water in the Northern catchment of Lake Tana basin in the NW highlands of Ethiopia. The estimations are based on available data through the application of the Universal Soil Loss Equation integrated with Geographic Information System and remote sensing technologies. The study further explored the effects of land use and land cover, topography, soil erodibility, and drainage density on soil erosion rate in the catchment. Results The total estimated soil loss in the catchment was 1,705,370 tons per year and the mean erosion rate was 37.89 t ha−1 year−1, with a standard deviation of 59.2 t ha−1 year−1. The average annual soil erosion rare for the sub-catchments Derma, Megech, Gumara, Garno, and Gabi Kura were estimated at 46.8, 40.9, 30.9, 30.0, and 29.7 t ha−1 year−1, respectively. Based on estimated erosion rates in the catchment, the grid cells were divided into five different erosion severity classes: very low, low, moderate, high and extreme. The soil erosion severity map showed about 58.9% of the area was in very low erosion potential (0–1 t ha−1 year−1) that contributes only 1.1% of the total soil loss, while 12.4% of the areas (36,617 ha) were in high and extreme erosion potential with erosion rates of 10 t ha−1 year−1 or more that contributed about 82.1% of the total soil loss in the catchment which should be a high priority. Areas with high to extreme erosion severity classes were mostly found in Megech, Gumero and Garno sub-catchments. Results of Multiple linear regression analysis showed a relationship between soil erosion rate (A) and USLE factors that soil erosion rate was most sensitive to the topographic factor (LS) followed by the support practice (P), soil erodibility (K), crop management (C) and rainfall erosivity factor (R). Barenland showed the most severe erosion, followed by croplands and plantation forests in the catchment. Conclusions Use of the erosion severity classes coupled with various individual factors can help to understand the primary processes affecting erosion and spatial patterns in the catchment. This could be used for the site-specific implementation of effective soil conservation practices and land use plans targeted in erosion-prone locations to control soil erosion.

scholarly journals Sediment Yield and Soil Loss Estimation Using GIS Based Soil Erosion Model: A Case Study in the MAN Catchment, Madhya Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Manti Patil ◽  
Radheshyam Patel ◽  
Arnab Saha
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Reservoir Sedimentation ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate

Soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental hazards of recent times. It broadly affects to agricultural land and reservoir sedimentation and its consequences are very harmful. In agricultural land, soil erosion affects the fertility of soil and its composition, crop production, soil quality and land quality, yield and crop quality, infiltration rate and water holding capacity, organic matter and plant nutrient and groundwater regimes. In reservoir sedimentation process the consequences of soil erosion process are reduction of the reservoir capacity, life of reservoir, water supply, power generation etc. Based on these two aspects, an attempt has been made to the present study utilizing Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been used in integration with remote sensing and GIS techniques to assess the spatial pattern of annual rate of soil erosion, average annual soil erosion rate and erosion prone areas in the MAN catchment. The RUSLE considers several factors such as rainfall, soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, land use and land cover and erosion control practice for soil erosion prediction. In the present study, it is found that average annual soil erosion rate for the MAN catchment is 13.01-tons/ha/year, which is higher than that of adopted and recommended values for the project. It has been found that 53% area of the MAN catchment has negligible soil erosion rate (less than 2-tons/ha/year). Its spatial distribution found on flat land of upper MAN catchment. It has been detected that 26% area of MAN catchment has moderate to extremely severe soil erosion rate (greater than 10-tons/ha/year). Its spatial distribution has been found on undulated topography of the middle MAN catchment. It is proposed to treat this area by catchment area treatment activity.

scholarly journals The Effect of Shallow Tillage on Soil Erosion in a Semi-Arid Vineyard

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Novara ◽  
Giovanni Stallone ◽  
Artemio Cerdà ◽  
Luciano Gristina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Tillage Erosion

Soil erosion has been considered a threat for semi-arid lands due to the removal of solid materials by water and wind. Although water erosion is currently considered the most important process of soil degradation, a growing interest has been drawn to the impact of soil tillage. Although numerous studies on tillage erosion have been carried out on arable land using a moldboard plow, a chisel, and a tandem disc for different crops, there are no studies on the effect of shallow tillage on soil redistribution in vineyards. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soil tillage erosion rate in a vineyard using a 13C natural abundance tracer. A strip of soil (C3-C soil) was removed, mixed with C4-C tracer, and replaced. After the installation of the strip, tillage (upslope in one inter-row and downslope in the other inter-row) was performed with a cultivator and soil was collected along the slope with an interval of 0.2 m from the C4-C strip. Soil organic carbon and δ13C were measured and the total mass of translocated soil (T) soil was calculated. The net effect of tillage after two consecutive operations (downslope and upslope tillage) was a T of 49.3 ± 4.2 kg m−1. The estimated annual erosion rate due to tillage in the studied vineyard was 9.5 ± 1.2 Mg ha−1year−1. The contribution of the soil tillage erosion rate was compared with that of water erosion in the same vineyard, and we conclude that tillage is a threat to soil degradation.

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