scholarly journals Determining Discharge Characteristics and Limits of Heavy Metals and Metalloids for Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in China Based on Statistical Methods

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Zhou ◽  
Jing Lei ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Yanna Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Discharge Characteristics ◽  
Metals And Metalloids ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Heavy Metals And Metalloids

Industrial wastewater and sewage are both important sources of heavy metals and metalloids in urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). China has made great efforts to control heavy metal and metalloid pollution by setting discharge limits for WWTPs. There is, however, limited discharge data and no systematic methodology for the derivation of discharge limits. In this study, 14 heavy metals and metalloids (Hg, alkyl mercury, As, Cd, Cr, Cr6+, Pb, Ni, Be, Ag, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se) that are listed in the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002) were selected for the analysis of discharge characteristics while using the supervised monitoring data from more than 800 WWTPs located in nine provinces in China. Of the 14 heavy metals and metalloids, all but alkyl mercury were detected in the discharge water. There was a high rate of detection of As, Cu, Mn, Se, and there were some samples that exceeded the standard concentrations of Cr, Cr6+, Pb, and Ni. Removal rates of Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Cr6+, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Se were higher than 40%, comparable to values from other countries. Hg and As were selected to analyze the influencing factors of effluent and derive discharge limits of WWTPs using a statistical method, because these two metals had more detected data than other metals. The study used supervised monitoring data from Zhejiang WWTPs with 99 for Hg and 112 for As. Based on the delta-lognormal distribution, the results showed that geographic location was significantly closely correlated with Hg (P = 0.027 < 0.05) and As (P ≈ 0 < 0.05) discharge concentrations, while size (for Hg P = 0.695 > 0.05, for As P = 0.088 > 0.05) and influent concentration (R2 < 0.5) were not. Derived Hg and As discharge limits suggest that it is necessary to establish stricter discharge limits for WWTPs, which is more consistent with the real-world situation in China. The study here comprehensively researches the discharge characteristics of heavy metals and metalloids in effluent of WWTPs in China, and developed for the first time in China heavy metals and metalloids discharge limits based on statistical methods. The results may inform special discharge limit settings for WWTPs in China.

Regulating Specific Organic Substances and Heavy Metals in Industrial Wastewater Discharged to Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
H. Grüttner ◽  
L. Munk ◽  
F. Pedersen ◽  
J. Tørsløv
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Limit Values

Due to the extension of wastewater treatment plants to nutrient removal and the development towards reuse of sludge in agriculture, new guidelines for regulating industrial discharges in Denmark were needed. The paper describes how a concept for regulating the discharge of specific organic substances and heavy metals has been developed during the past two years. The concept is based on guidelines that are made according to considerations of the environment and the treatment plant system, and that encourage the introduction of a cleaner technology and integrated preventive measures. For most organic substances, present knowledge of fate and effects in biological treatment plants is too scarce to underpin the setting of general standards. Therefore, it has been decided to base the developed priority system on the data used in the EEC-system for classification of hazardous chemicals. This includes ready degradability, defined by the OECD-test, bio-sorption and bio-accumulation, defined by the octanol/water distribution coefficient and toxic effects on water organisms. Several potential effects of seven heavy metals have been evaluated, and the most critical effects were found to be the quality criteria for sludge intended for use in agriculture, and the quality criteria for the aquatic environment. Proposals for general guidelines have been calculated using a simple mass balance model combined with water quality criteria and the Danish limit values for use of sludge in agriculture.

Treatment of Excess Sludge Containing Heavy Metal by Chemical Ways

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Zhi Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The concentration of heavy metals in excess sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants has restricted its convertion to soil fertilizer, so it is necessary to remove the heavy metals from sludge. In this article, the effects of heavy metal removal by some mineral acids such as HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, HNO3 were analysed, when treating excess sludge from a second sediment tank in municipal wastewater treatment plants. To improve the treatment, a combination of H2O2 and acid was also investigated. Consequently, the difference of heavy metal removal among those acids was showed. Its removal of Hg by HNO3 was better than by other acids. Lower pH enhanced the dissolving of heavy metal, yet the removal of Cr was insensitive to the pH. Aided by H2O2, the removal by the acid was enhanced. The suitable dosage of H2O2 was specially related to the solid content of sludge, pH and the acid kind.

The Fate of Heavy Metals in Wastewater Treatment Plants

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 413-419
Author(s):  
A. V. Ghirardini ◽  
F. Avezzù ◽  
P. Cescon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

In a previous paper the A.A. used a mathematical model to describe the complex mechanisms affecting heavy metals distribution between liquid and solid phases in order to predict the quality of effluents of an activated sludge biological treatment system. In the present work the mathematical model is employed to depict the behaviour of particulate and soluble zinc in large municipal wastewater treatment plants for which operating data were available in the existing literature. The results obtained by this model, compared with experimental data, describe zinc behaviour in activated sludge systems satisfactorily. The behaviour of some other metals (zinc, nickel, copper, chromium), studied in solid and liquid3 flows of a municipal wastewater treatment plant in the north-east of Italy (5000 m3/day), is satisfactorily simulated.

scholarly journals Sorption of Heavy Metals by Sewage Sludge and Its Mixtures with Soil from Wastewater Treatment Plants Operating in MBR and INR Technology

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Robert Kowalik ◽  
Małgorzata Widłak ◽  
Agata Widłak
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Sewage sludge is a very complex system, with solids and water. It is generated as waste from wastewater treatment. Sewage sludge is used to fertilize agricultural and forest areas and to rehabilitate devastated areas. It is a good organic fertilizer because it contains significant amounts of nutrients beneficial for plant development and humus-forming substances. The composition of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is similar to soil organic matter, therefore it can be used to improve the physicochemical properties of soil, increasing its sorption capacity. Research material was collected in the Swietokrzyskie and Mazowieckie Voivodships. Sewage sludge was collected from the wastewater treatment plants in Sitkowka Nowiny (Sitkowka) and Kunow, as well as high-quality agricultural soil from Opatowiec and sandy-clay soil from Jastrzebie. Research was carried out on the sorption of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn) by mixtures of sewage sludge with soil. The calculations were made for the concentrations of heavy metals in sewage sludge, soil, and sewage sludge–soil mixtures. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the risk assessment code (RAC) were calculated. Increased sorption capacity was demonstrated in samples with a predominance of sewage sludge. It was shown that heavy metals from sewage sludge, after mixing with soil, changed their form from immobile to mobile.

Study on Variation Trends of Heavy Metals Contents in Process of Sludge Energy Utilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
Ying Xie ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Chong Li Xu ◽  
Yuan Feng Hui ◽  
Wen Jing Ou Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Application of sludge-to-energy is an important direction for disposal of sludge, and it is necessary to provide the contents change of heavy metals in sludge. Through sampling in situ and analysis in laboratory, distributions of seven heavy metals in five kinds of sludge, which were come from wastewater treatment plant of Jilin Petrochemical Company of Petro China, were studied, and contents change of heavy metals in the course of sludge-to-energy were analyzed. The results were compared with the other sludge in the factory and municipal wastewater treatment plants and the national standard. The results showed that the heavy metal contents are different in the different sludge, and the mean is Fe>Cu>Zn>Mn>Pb >Cr>Cd, the total content distributions from high to low is incinerated sludge, chemical sludge, activated sludge, neutralization sludge, digested sludge. Contents of Cu and Zn exceeded the the mean of 44 municipal wastewater treatment plants and GB18918-2002. After biogas of digested sludge and energy of incinerated sludge were recovered, heavy metal contents exceeded in varying degrees, which were paid more attention for treatment and utilization.

Heavy Metals in Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludges in the Czech Republic

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 429-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sedláček ◽  
T. Just
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Since 1987 operators of municipal wastewater treatment plants, having the population equivalent over 5 000, monitor systematically heavy metals in sludges, based on one or two samplings on the average annually. Generally, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn are monitored: since 1989 Hg is becoming the centre of systematic attention. Occasional data are available on concentrated Ag, Co, As and Mo. These data were collected and ordered by the authors of the paper. On their basis lines of exceedance were plotted and sets were prepared, characterizing both localities with the common level of the sludge contamination, and with the extremely low contamination level reflecting the condition that could be achieved if measures limiting the heavy metal input into public sewerage systems were adopted. The results achieved were compared with heavy metal concentration limits, as determined in the Industrial composts standard, both for raw materials used for the compost production, and for composts of Ist and IInd grades. With a view to the general environmental contamination, and considering the present economic and agricultural use, the input raw materials should meet the demands that are required under the standard for the prepared composts.

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