scholarly journals Effects of Erosion Control Works: Case Study—Grdelica Gorge, the South Morava River (Serbia)

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanimir Kostadinov ◽  
Sonja Braunović ◽  
Slavoljub Dragićević ◽  
Miodrag Zlatić ◽  
Nada Dragović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
The South ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Erosion Coefficient ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Morava River ◽  
Erosion Intensity

The aim of this research was to analyse the changes in the soil erosion intensity caused by erosion control works (ECW) in Grdelica Gorge (The South Morava River) in the period between 1953 and 2016. For the purpose of quantifying the erosion intensity changes, the erosion potential model (EPM) was used to calculate the annual gross erosion (W), sediment transport (G), and erosion coefficient (Z) in the study area. As a result of the performed technical and biotechnical erosion control works, there was a general decreasing trend in the intensity of soil erosion processes in the last 63 years. The specific annual gross erosion in Grdelica Gorge was 1920.34 m3/km−2/year−1 in 1953, while in 2016 it was 492.42 m3/km−2/year−1. The specific sediment transport was 1421.05 m3/km−2/year−1 in 1953 and 364.39 m3/km−2/year−1 in 2016. Due to the changes in the intensity of erosion processes, the specific annual gross erosion in the study area decreased by 1427.92 m3/km−2/year−1 and the specific sediment transport by 1056.66 m3/km−2/year−1. The value of the erosion coefficient was reduced from Z = 0.84 in 1953 to Z = 0.32 in 2016. The results show that there is a significant correlation between the soil erosion intensity (erosion coefficient) and ECW (biotechnical works) performed in Grdelica Gorge. The permanent control of erosion processes in Grdelica Gorge is very important for torrential flood prevention and protection of two very important traffic routes (Belgrade-Skopje-Athens railway and motorway—Corridor X), as well as settlements, local roads, and other facilities in this area. Furthermore, these results are the basis for future water mana­gement projects, soil and environmental protection, spatial planning, agriculture, and other human activities.

scholarly journals Estimation of Sediment Yield and Maximum Outflow Using the IntErO Model in the Sarada River Basin of Nepal

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devraj Chalise ◽  
Lalit Kumar ◽  
Velibor Spalevic ◽  
Goran Skataric
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Erosion Coefficient ◽  
To Come

Soil erosion is a severe environmental problem worldwide as it washes away the fertile topsoil and reduces agricultural production. Nepal, being a hilly country, has significant erosion disputes as well. It is important to cognise the soil erosion processes occurring in a river basin to manage the erosion severity and plan for better soil conservation programs. This paper seeks to calculate the sediment yield and maximum outflow from the Sarada river basin located in the western hills of Nepal using the computer-graphic Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (IntErO) model. Asymmetry coefficient of 0.63 was calculated, which suggests a possibility of large floods to come in the river basin in the future whereas the maximum outflow from the river basin was 1918 m³ s−1. An erosion coefficient value of 0.40 was obtained, which indicates surface erosion of medium strength prevails in the river basin. Similarly, the gross soil loss rate of 10.74 Mg ha−1 year−1 was obtained with the IntErO modeling which compares well with the soil loss from the erosion plot measurements. The IntErO model was used for the very first time to calculate soil erosion rates in the Nepalese hills and has a very good opportunity to be applied in similar river basins.

scholarly journals Gis application in analysis of erosion intensity in the Vlasina River Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
Uros Durlevic ◽  
Ana Momcilovic ◽  
Vladimir Curic ◽  
Maja Dragojevic
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
River Network ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Erosion Coefficient ◽  
Sustainable Planning ◽  
Morava River ◽  
The Right ◽  
Land Exploitation ◽  
Erosion Intensity

This paper analyses the state of erosion intensity in the Vlasina River Basin, the right tributary of the Juzna Morava River. To determine the erosion intensity (Z) and sediment production, the Gavrilovic method was used, in combination with the bare-soil index (BSI), with the application of geographic information systems (GIS) and multispectral satellite imagery. An erosion coefficient of 0.31 has been identified in the territory of the Vlasina River Basin, which has an area of 1,061.72 km?. The prominent vertical fragmentation of the relief, large amount of precipitation in the source parts, density of the river network (1.65 km/km2), which is above the average river network density in Serbia, as well as inadequate land exploitation, are the main reasons why it is necessary to monitor the erosion intensity in the Vlasina River Basin. The annual production of the sediment is 462,496.30 m?, while the value of specific sediment production is 435,47 m?/km?/year. This study represents the attempt to apply modern technologies to d1etermine the intensity of erosion in the Vlasina River Basin, and the results obtained could be used for more adequate management of land and water resources, sustainable planning of the forest ecosystems and environmental protection.

scholarly journals The erosion intensity changes in Zajecar municipality

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavoljub Dragicevic ◽  
Ivan Novkovic ◽  
Milena Milutinovic
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
Erosion Intensity

Apart from other geomorphologic processes (glacial erosion, nivation, abrasion) which are predominantly determined by the intensity of natural factors, soil erosion is significantly determined by anthropogenic influences. Despite the fact that the physical-geographic factors are important determinants of the erosion intensity this geomorphologic process has also demographic, socio-economic, environmental, and multidisciplinary aspects as well. Control works, some demographic characteristics of the territory and the type of land use are the direct and indirect anthropogenic influences and modifiers of the intensity of this process. The basic idea of this paper is to assess the basic socio-geographic change over certain area and to determine its effects on the erosion intensity.

scholarly journals Affectability of splash erosion by polyacrylamide application and rainfall intensity

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Boroghani ◽  
F. Hayavi ◽  
H. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rain Drops

Splash erosion is recognized as the first stage in a soil erosion process and results from the soil surface bombing by rain drops. At the moment when rain drops conflict with the soil surface, soil particles move and destruct the soil structure. Soil particles dispersed by rain drops and moved by runoff are two basic soil erosion processes. In this study, the effect of applying various amounts of polyacrylamide (PAM) (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/m<sup>2</sup>) on the quantity of splash erosion at three rainfall intensities of 65, 95 and 120 mm/h by using of FEL3 rainfall simulator was investigated in marly soil in a laboratory. Results indicated differences in the effects of various treatments with PAM at all rainfall intensities, such as 0.6 g/m<sup>2</sup> PAM had the maximum effect on the splash erosion control by reducing soil erosion by about 28.93%. But statistical results showed that the use of various amounts of PAM (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/m<sup>2</sup>) for controlling splash erosion at various rain intensities to decrease splash erosion did not reveal a statistically significant difference. Therefore, the application of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/m<sup>2</sup> PAM reduced the splash erosion, however, there was no statistical difference among these application rates of PAM. Finally, the results of statistical analysis of different intensities showed that only at 120 mm/h there was a significant difference between PAM treatment and control treatment (0 g/m<sup>2</sup> PAM) in the splash erosion control. At this intensity, the treatment with 0.4 g/m<sup>2</sup> PAM produced a maximum effect on the splash erosion control with 40% in comparison with the control treatment.

LAVSED-II—A model for predicting suspended load in northern streams

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Y. Julien ◽  
M. Frenette
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Suspended Load ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
St Lawrence River

The model LAVSED-II (LAVal SEDimentological model number II) has been developed to evaluate the suspended load in northern streams that results from rainfall and snowmelt erosion on upslope areas. The most important parameters are (1) the physical characteristics involved in soil erosion processes and (2) the climatic parameters on a month-to-month basis. Two fundamental relationships are obtained from the governing physical processes and empirical relationships describing snowmelt and sediment transport. The model has been applied to four large watersheds, tributaries of the St. Lawrence River. The computed sediment yield compares very well with the measured suspended load (mostly wash load) in the rivers. The magnitude of the peak during spring is particularly well predicted. The computed sediment yield is shown to be very sensitive to meteorological data. In the case of ungaged watersheds, the model can be applied to estimate the sediment yield.

Integrated methods and a complex solution for flood protection and erosion control – A case study of the village of Vrbovce, Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Výleta ◽  
Viera Rattayová ◽  
Kamila Hlavčová ◽  
Michaela Danáčová ◽  
Andrej Škrinár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
The Village

&lt;p&gt;The aim of the study was an integrated application of methods for the identification and complex assessment of ecosystem responses to abiotic stress factors as extreme runoff, muddy floods and soil erosion processes.&amp;#160; The protection of land with flysch geological structures with regard to and the problems caused by extreme runoff are a very important task in water management. The unsuitable management of land and irresponsible land use causes the formation of flash floods on watersheds and results in accelerated soil erosion. The decreasing soil quality and excessive sedimentation of eroded material in the water structures, which are components of flood protection structures, are a consequence of accelerated soil erosion. Research on and the design of measures were realized on five small watersheds in the cadastral area of the village of Vrbovce, which is situated in western Slovakia, on the edge of the flysch zone of the White Carpathians. Flash floods regularly recur in the village of Vrbovce, and extreme runoff causes the formation of rill erosion on the arable land. The soil erosion was modelled by the Universal Soil Loss Equation and the topographic factor was calculated by the Usle2D program. The results of the calculations show that 96.19 % of the agricultural land is endangered by accelerated soil erosion, with the values of the average annual soil loss greater than the limit for the tolerance of soil erosion. We calculated the direct runoff for five selected watersheds of the Teplica river tributaries with the CN-SCS method. The flooded areas in the village were modelled by the 2D hydrodynamic model MIKE21. A set of measures, i.e., polders, an infiltration trench and agrotechnical measures on the arable land, was designed outside the built-up areas of the village of Vrbovce for the reduction of the extreme runoff and accelerated soil erosion. Measures for the Teplica river revitalisation in the village were proposed. From the estimation of effectiveness of the measures proposed follows that we were able to reduce the amount of the soil erosion to values permissible for the norm by the proposed measures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Key words: soil erosion, flash floods, flood protection, erosion control and river revitalisation practices&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The Impact of Land Use Changes on Soil Erosion in the River Basin of Miocki Potok, Montenegro

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2973
Author(s):  
Velibor Spalevic ◽  
Goran Barovic ◽  
Dusko Vujacic ◽  
Milic Curovic ◽  
Morteza Behzadfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
National Level ◽  
River Basins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Erosion Intensity

Land use change in all river basins leads to changes in hydrologic response, soil erosion, and sediment dynamics characteristics. Those changes are often viewed as the main cause of accelerated erosion rates. We studied the impact of land use changes on soil erosion processes in one of the watersheds in Montenegro: the Miocki Potok, using this watershed as a pilot river basin for this area. We simulated responses of soil erosion processes by using a process-oriented soil erosion Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (IntErO) model, with different settings of land use for the years 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The model provides fast, effective, and affordable insight into the effects of land use change on soil erosion processes. Testing of the applied procedures was important for the further establishment of watershed management methodologies at the national level, for the other 300 river basins of Montenegro. For the current state of land use, calculated peak discharge for the Miocki Potok was 364 m3 s−1 (2020)–372 m3 s−1 (1970) for the incidence of 100 years, and there is a possibility for large flood waves to appear in the studied basin. Real soil losses, Gyear, were calculated at 13680 m3 year−1 (2020) and specific 333 m3 km−2 year−1 (2020). A Z coefficient value of 0.439 (2020) indicated that the river basin belongs to destruction category III. The strength of the erosion process was medium, and according to the erosion type, it was mixed erosion. According to our analysis, the land use changes in the last 50 years influenced a decrease in the soil erosion intensity for 14% in the Miocki Potok River Basin. Further studies should be focused on the detailed analysis of the land use changes trends with the other river basins at the national level, closely following responses of soil erosion to the changed land use structure, and effects of plant-and-soil interaction on soil erosion and sediment dynamics.

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Erosion Intensity Caused by Land Use and Demographic Changes in the Jablanica River Basin, Serbia

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Gocić ◽  
Slavoljub Dragićević ◽  
Aleksandar Radivojević ◽  
Nataša Martić Bursać ◽  
Ljiljana Stričević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Erosion Coefficient ◽  
Erosion Intensity

The aim of this research is to determine the change in the spatial distribution of erosion intensity in the territory of the Jablanica River Basin in the period 1971–2016 caused by land use and demographic changes. The Erosion Potential Method (EPM) was used to quantify changes in erosion intensity and to estimate the total annual sediment yield. The research results show that the value of the erosion coefficient decreased from 0.432 in 1971 to 0.360 in 2016. Specific annual gross erosion in the Jablanica River Basin was 654.41 m3/km2/year in 1971, while in 2016 it was 472.03 m3/km2/year. The analysis of proportional changes was used to determine demographic changes and land use patterns in the basin area. In terms of the scale and intensity of the erosion process, three types and one sub-type of population dynamics of settlements and land use changes were distinguished, respectively: progressive, stagnant, regressive and dominant regressive. It was concluded that the results show the significance of demographic and land use changes in the control of the intensity of erosion. The Soil Erosion Map may be useful to planners and land use managers to take appropriate decisions for soil conservation in the basin.

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