scholarly journals Bacterial Productivity in a Ferrocyanide-Contaminated Aquifer at a Nuclear Waste Site

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Plymale ◽  
Jacqueline Wells ◽  
Emily Graham ◽  
Odeta Qafoku ◽  
Shelby Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Productivity ◽  
Hanford Site ◽  
Contaminated Aquifer ◽  
The Us ◽  
Eastern Washington

This study examined potential microbial impacts of cyanide contamination in an aquifer affected by ferrocyanide disposal from nuclear waste processing at the US Department of Energy’s Hanford Site in south-eastern Washington State (USA). We examined bacterial productivity and microbial cell density in groundwater (GW) from wells with varying levels of recent and historical total cyanide concentrations. We used tritiated leucine (3H-Leu) uptake as a proxy for heterotrophic, aerobic bacterial productivity in the GW, and we measured cell density via nucleic acid staining followed by epifluorescence microscopy. Bacterial productivity varied widely, both among wells that had high historical and recent total cyanide (CN−) concentrations and among wells that had low total CN− values. Standing microbial biomass varied less, and was generally greater than that observed in a similar study of uranium-contaminated hyporheic-zone groundwater at the Hanford Site. Our results showed no correlation between 3H-Leu uptake and recent or historical cyanide concentrations in the wells, consistent with what is known about cyanide toxicity with respect to iron speciation. However, additional sampling of the CN− affected groundwater, both in space and time, would be needed to confirm that the CN− contamination is not affecting the GW biota.

Climatic implications of latest Pleistocene and earliest Holocene mammalian sympatries in eastern Washington state, USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lee Lyman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Washington State ◽  
The West ◽  
Mammalian Faunas ◽  
Eastern Washington

AbstractFor more than fifty years it has been known that mammalian faunas of late-Pleistocene age are taxonomically unique and lack modern analogs. It has long been thought that nonanalog mammalian faunas are limited in North America to areas east of the Rocky Mountains and that late-Pleistocene mammalian faunas in the west were modern in taxonomic composition. A late-Pleistocene fauna from Marmes Rockshelter in southeastern Washington State has no modern analog and defines an area of maximum sympatry that indicates significantly cooler summers than are found in the area today. An earliest Holocene fauna from Marmes Rockshelter defines an area of maximum sympatry, including the site area, but contains a single tentatively identified taxon that may indicate slightly cooler than modern summers.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, and Sensitivity to 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol of Isolates of Phialophora spp. from Washington Wheat Fields

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Sig Kwak ◽  
Peter A. H. M. Bakker ◽  
Debora C. M. Glandorf ◽  
Jennifer T. Rice ◽  
Timothy C. Paulitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Dark pigmented fungi of the Gaeumannomyces–Phialophora complex were isolated from the roots of wheat grown in fields in eastern Washington State. These fungi were identified as Phialophora spp. on the basis of morphological and genetic characteristics. The isolates produced lobed hyphopodia on wheat coleoptiles, phialides, and hyaline phialospores. Sequence comparison of internal transcribed spacer regions indicated that the Phialophora isolates were clearly separated from other Gaeumannomyces spp. Primers AV1 and AV3 amplified 1.3-kb portions of an avenacinase-like gene in the Phialophora isolates. Phylogenetic trees of the avenacinase-like gene in the Phialophora spp. also clearly separated them from other Gaeumannomyces spp. The Phialophora isolates were moderately virulent on wheat and barley and produced confined black lesions on the roots of wild oat and two oat cultivars. Among isolates tested for their sensitivity to 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), the 90% effective dose values were 11.9 to 48.2 μg ml–1. A representative Phialophora isolate reduced the severity of take-all on wheat caused by two different isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. To our knowledge, this study provides the first report of an avenacinase-like gene in Phialophora spp. and demonstrated that the fungus is significantly less sensitive to 2,4-DAPG than G. graminis var. tritici.

Interlude 4

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Rosemary A. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Nuclear Waste Repository ◽  
The Us ◽  
Waste Repository ◽  
Aboriginal Art

IN 2009, AN AUSTRALIAN art historian meditated on the prospect of contemporary Aboriginal art being used to mark a nuclear waste repository that might be built in that country. He began his essay with a summary of the plan for marking nuclear waste in the US:...

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-240
Author(s):  
Rosemary A. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
The People ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us West

The concluding chapter explores the visions of the future that experts involved in advising the US Department of Energy developed, as formal parts of their planning documents. These narratives are almost the only place in the planning process where the specific local populations are mentioned. Turning to the question of the people who live in these areas, this chapter explores Native American responses to nuclear waste disposal planning. It contrasts the vision of the US West as an empty space appropriate for waste with indigenous ontologies in which space is full of animate force. The chapter explores the way fiction, narrative, and performances have been cited as possibly better ways to ward off intrusion in dangerous waste sites than any passive system of markers.

Groundwater Remediation of Hexavalent Chromium Along the Columbia River at the Hanford Site in Washington State, USA

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyan L. Foss ◽  
Briant L. Charboneau
Keyword(s):  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Hanford Site ◽  
Pump And Treat ◽  
Environmental Setting ◽  
Calcium Polysulfide

The U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site, formerly used for nuclear weapons production, encompasses 1500 square kilometers in southeast Washington State along the Columbia River. A principle threat to the river are the groundwater plumes of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), which affect approximately 9.8 square kilometers, and 4.1 kilometers of shoreline. Cleanup goals are to stop Cr(VI) from entering the river by the end of 2012 and remediate the groundwater plumes to the drinking water standards by the end of 2020. Five groundwater pump-and-treat systems are currently in operation for the remediation of Cr(VI). Since the 1990s, over 13.6 billion L of groundwater have been treated; over 1,435 kg of Cr(VI) have been removed. This paper describes the unique aspects of the site, its environmental setting, hydrogeology, groundwater-river interface, riverine hydraulic effects, remediation activities completed to date, a summary of the current and proposed pump-and-treat operations, the in situ redox manipulation barrier, and the effectiveness of passive barriers, resins, and treatability testing results of calcium polysulfide, biostimulation, and electrocoagulation, currently under evaluation.

scholarly journals A Survey of Spiders Found in Fallen Pine Cones in Eastern Washington State

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-415
Author(s):  
Laurel J. Ramseyer ◽  
Rodney L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Washington State ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Eastern Washington

scholarly journals Summertime Potential Evapotranspiration in Eastern Washington State

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1090-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Bond ◽  
Karin A. Bumbaco
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Washington State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Eastern Washington

AbstractThe demands for water in agricultural regions depend on the rate of evapotranspiration (ET). Daily records of potential ET (pET) are available from the late 1980s through the present for five stations in eastern Washington State (George, Harrah, LeGrow, Lind, and Odessa) through the Pacific Northwest Cooperative Agricultural Weather Network (AgriMet) under the auspices of the Bureau of Reclamation. These records reveal a secular increase in the summer (June–August) mean pET over the period 1987–2014. This increase can be attributed largely to an increase in solar irradiance of 20–30 W m−2 over the same period. The seasonal mean solar irradiance accounts for approximately 35%–50% of the variance in the interannual variations in seasonal mean pET at the individual stations and for approximately 60% of the variance from a five-station average perspective. The period of analysis includes a mean increase of temperature of about 0.3°C (10 yr)−1, and the variability in temperature relates more to the year-to-year fluctuations in pET than to the overall increase in pET. The time series of surface relative humidity and wind speed exhibit only minor trends. Daily and seasonal mean data for 500-hPa geopotential height and other variables are used to determine aspects of the regional atmosphere associated with periods of high pET. Anomalous ridging aloft and negative anomalies in 925-hPa relative humidity tend to occur over the study area during the summers with the greatest pET. The relationships that are emerging may provide a basis for empirical downscaling of pET from global climate model projections.

Airbus-Boeing WTO tax dispute will benefit rivals

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tax Incentives ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Export Credit ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tax Incentive ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Eu

Subject WTO ruling against Boeing over tax incentives. Significance The WTO ruled on November 28 that Boeing received unfair subsidies as part of an 8.7-billion-dollar tax incentive package passed by the US state of Washington in 2013 for development of the 777X airliner. Boeing’s European rival Airbus hailed the “knockout ruling”, and the French finance ministry argued that the EU could institute “retaliatory measures” should US authorities fail to remove the support. Impacts The Washington state legislature is likely to pull the local production provisions in exchange for an informal agreement with Boeing. Airbus could gain an export credit edge should the US Export-Import Bank’s charter lapse again in 2019 due to Republican opposition. Tighter US restrictions on Iran sales or protectionist steps against China or the Gulf from the new administration would hit both companies.

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