scholarly journals Seven-Year Running Effect Evaluation and Fate Analysis of Rain Gardens in Xi’an, Northwest China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Guo ◽  
Jiake Li ◽  
Huaien Li ◽  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Menghua Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Pollutant Load ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Monitoring Time ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Runoff Volume Reduction

Rain gardens have recently been studied as important low-impact development (LID) facilities that play a critical role in runoff volume reduction and pollutant purification. Approximately 16–40 rainfall events were monitored from March 2011 to October 2017 in order to determine the running effect of three rain gardens with respect to runoff volume reduction and pollutant purification. In particular, running fate analysis of rain gardens is the key focus in this study. Combined analyses revealed three key points. Firstly, performance assessment demonstrated that rain gardens effectively cut inflow volumes through the filter media; when the confluence area ratio was 6:1–20:1 (confluence ratio = roof area or road/garden area) and the rainfall was approximately 2.8–39.9 mm, the runoff volume reduction rate ranged from 9.8% to 100.0%. However, the average annual runoff reduction rate presented an initially increasing and then gradually decreasing trend with monitoring time. Secondly, according to water quality data in 54 rainfall events, the annual average concentration removal rate of NH4+-N was relatively good, but generally decreased with monitoring time. The concentration removal rate of NO3−-N and total phosphorus (TP) is unstable; however, the removal rate of total suspended solids (TSS) is better than that of total nitrogen (TN). Combined with runoff reduction, the pollutant load reduction by rain gardens is greater than 50%, although this decreases with increasing monitoring time. Thirdly, through the study of 7-year running effect on runoff reduction and pollutant purification, the “three-stage purification (TSP) concept” (periods of purification growth, stability, and attenuation) with respect to pollutant load reduction processes was finally proposed, and a curve chart was drawn for pollutant load reduction and rain garden operating fate (the “P–F” curve chart).

Quantifying the stormwater runoff volume reduction benefits of urban street tree canopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 151296
Author(s):  
William R. Selbig ◽  
Steven P. Loheide ◽  
William Shuster ◽  
Bryant C. Scharenbroch ◽  
Robert C. Coville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Street Tree ◽  
Runoff Volume Reduction

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis of Water Reduction in Lower-Limb Lymphedema by Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshichika Yasunaga ◽  
Daisuke Yanagisawa ◽  
Erika Ohata ◽  
Kiyoshi Matsuo ◽  
Shunsuke Yuzuriha
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
The Mean

Background Although lymphedema is fundamentally abnormal accumulation of excess water in the extracellular space, previous studies have evaluated the efficacy of physiological bypass surgery (lymphaticovenular anastomosis [LVA]) for lymphedema without measuring water volume. This study clarified the water reductive effect of LVA using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Methods The efficacy of LVA for unilateral lower-limb lymphedema was evaluated using BIA in a retrospective cohort. The water volume of affected and unaffected legs was measured using multifrequency BIA before and after LVA. Preoperative measurements were undertaken after compression therapy for at least 3 months. The follow-up period after LVA was a minimum of 6 months. Results Thirty consecutive patients with unilateral lower-limb lymphedema were enrolled. The mean water volume reduction of the affected leg by LVA (ΔLBW) was 0.86 L (standard deviation [SD]: 0.86, median: 0.65) with a mean number of 3.3 anastomoses (SD: 1.7). The mean reduction rate of edema was 45.1% (SD: 36.3). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed water volume difference between the affected and unaffected legs before LVA (excess LBW) as the strongest predictor of ΔLBW (R 2 = 0.759, p < 0.01; β = 0.500, p < 0.01). Conclusion The LVA reduces the volume of accumulated body water in lower-limb lymphedema. As excess LBW most strongly predicted the amount of water volume reduction by LVA, body water volume measurement by BIA before LVA might identify patients with low excess LBW not expected to benefit from LVA, regardless of apparent differences in limb circumference.

scholarly journals Tumor Volume Reduction Rate to Induction Chemotherapy Is a Prognostic Factor for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-hsien Huang ◽  
Ting-Chun Lin ◽  
Ming-Yu Lien ◽  
Fu-Ming Cheng ◽  
Kai-Chiun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Primary Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Tumor Volume Reduction

Abstract BackgroundAim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic of tumor volume reduction rate (TVRR) status post induction chemotherapy (IC) in LA-HNSCC.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed LA-HNSCC from year 2007 to 2016 at a single center were included in this retrospective study. All patients had received IC as TPF (taxotere, platinum, fluorouracil) followed by daily definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for 70 Gy in 35 fractions concurrent with or without cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Tumor volume reduction rate of the primary tumor (TVRR-T) and lymph node (TVRR-N) was measured and calculated by contrast-enhanced CT images at diagnosis, and one month after final IC cycle, and analyzed though a univariate and multivariate Cox regression model.ResultsNinety patients of the primary cancer sites at hypopharynx (31/90, 34.4%), oropharynx (29/90, 32.2%), oral cavity (19/90, 21.1%) and larynx (11/90, 12.2%) were included in this study, with a median follow-up time interval of 3.9 years. In univariate Cox regression analysis, the TVRR-T as the only variable showed a significant difference for disease-free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63 to 0.96; P = 0.02), aside from cancer site, RECIST, age and IC dose. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, The TVRR-T was also an independently significant prognostic factor for DFS (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.97; P = 0.02). At a cutoff value using TVRR-T of 50% in Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the DFS was significant higher with TVRR-T ≥ 50% group (log-rank test, p = 0.024), and also a trend of improved OS. (log-rank test, p = 0.069).ConclusionsTVRR-T was related to improved DFS and trend of improved OS. Other factors including patient’s age at diagnosis, the primary cancer site, and RECIST, were not significantly related to DFS.

scholarly journals Effects of wheat stubble on runoff, infiltration, and erosion of farmland on the Loess Plateau, China, subjected to simulated rainfall

Solid Earth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhua Wang ◽  
Bo Ma ◽  
Faqi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Soil and water losses in agriculture are major environmental problems worldwide, especially on the Loess Plateau, China. Summer fallow management may help to control soil erosion and conserve water. This study investigated the effects of wheat stubble on runoff, infiltration, and soil loss in laboratory plots under simulated rainfall. The treatments comprised wheat stubble cover (WS) and traditional plowing (TP) in runoff plots (4.0 m  ×  1.0 m) with three slope gradients (5, 10, and 15°) under simulated rainfall at 80 mm h−1 for 1 h. The runoff volume from WS plots was significantly less than that from TP. The runoff reduction with WS ranged from 91.92 to 92.83 % compared with TP. The runoff rates varied with the runoff volume in the same manner. The infiltration amount was higher with WS (94.8–96.2 % of rainwater infiltrated) than TP (35.4–57.1 %). The sediment concentration was significantly lower with WS than TP. Compared with TP (304.31–731.23 g m−2), the sediment losses were reduced dramatically in WS (2.41–3.78 g m−2) and the sediment loss slightly increased with slope; however, it was greatly increased as slope increased in TP. These results revealed that the stubble cover was the main factor reducing runoff and sediment losses and improving infiltration and that stubble showed a great potential to control erosion and conserve soil and water resources during the summer fallow period in the Loess Plateau region.

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