scholarly journals Effect of Sand Mulches of Different Particle Sizes on Soil Evaporation during the Freeze–Thaw Period

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Feng ◽  
Junfeng Chen ◽  
Xiuqing Zheng ◽  
Jing Xue ◽  
Chunyan Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Period

scholarly journals The Effect of a Sand Interlayer on Soil Evaporation during the Seasonal Freeze–Thaw Period in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Jing Xue ◽  
Huijun Feng ◽  
Junfeng Chen ◽  
Xiuqing Zheng ◽  
Qi Du
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
The Yellow River Basin ◽  
Thaw Period

Reducing soil evaporation in arid and semi-arid areas of the Yellow River Basin greatly benefits the efficient utilization of water resources in winter and spring, particularly during the seasonal freeze–thaw period. We conducted a field experiment in winter to understand the influences of different sand interlayers (depths of 5, 10, and 15 cm and particle sizes of 0.5–1.5 mm and 2.0–2.5 mm) on soil evaporation during the seasonal freeze–thaw period. The results show that the sand interlayer reduced soil evaporation during the seasonal freeze–thaw period. Decreasing the depth of the sand layer was more effective at reducing the evaporation than increasing the grain size. Soil evaporation reduced as the sand interlayer approached the surface. With constant particle size, total soil evaporation decreased by 40%, 20%, and 18% for sand interlayer depths of 5, 10, and 15 cm, respectively, compared to the homogeneous soil column. With a constant sand interlayer depth, the inhibition of soil evaporation for a particle size of 0.5–1.5 mm was clear. That is significant for improving the efficient utilization of water resources and sustainable development of agriculture in the Yellow River Basin.

Effects of sand‐mulch thickness on soil evaporation during the freeze–thaw period

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
pp. 2830-2842
Author(s):  
Junfeng Chen ◽  
Xue Xie ◽  
Xiuqing Zheng ◽  
Jing Xue ◽  
Chunyan Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Period

scholarly journals Freeze-Thaw Cycle Effect on Sputtering Rate of Water-Saturated Yellow Sandstone under Impact Loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yunbing Hu ◽  
Tianzhu Duan ◽  
Penghui Xian ◽  
Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
The Impact

In order to explore the impact of freeze-thaw temperature on the sputtering rate of water-saturated yellow sandstone under impact loading, in this paper, the Hopkinson pressure bar is used to conduct impact loading test on the water-saturated yellow sandstone at the same strain rate (74.22 s−1) under five different freeze-thaw temperatures. After impact loading, the yellow sandstone fragments are graded and screened by using the sizing screen, and the mass of fragments with different particle sizes after screening is counted. By transforming the fragments into spheres with the corresponding particle sizes, and combining the dissipated energy, the surface specific energy of yellow sandstone with different freeze-thaw temperatures is calculated. Finally, the sputtering rate of the fragments is obtained by using the relationship of total work, dissipated energy, and kinetic energy. The main conclusions are as follows: The freeze-thaw temperature has a significant effect on the fracture degree of yellow sandstone. The lower the freeze-thaw temperature is, the higher the fracture degree of yellow sandstone is, and the smaller the particle size distribution of fragments is. The fractal dimension of yellow sandstone increases with the decrease of freeze-thaw temperature, indicating that the damage of yellow sandstone is more serious. The dissipative energy of yellow sandstone increases with the decrease of freezing temperature, while the kinetic energy increases gradually when the freeze-thaw temperature is −30°C to −15°C and decreases gradually when the freeze-thaw temperature is −15°C to −5°C. The surface area and surface specific energy of yellow sandstone fragments both increase with the increase of freeze-thaw temperature. And the sputtering rate of yellow sandstone fragments increases gradually at freezing temperature from −30°C to −15°C and decreases gradually at −15°C to −5°C. Therefore, from the perspective of dynamic destruction process, the sputtering of yellow sandstone fragments at freezing temperatures of −15°C, −20°C, and −30°C is more intense than that at −5°C and −10°C. The results can provide some guidance for production in winter and winter regions.

scholarly journals Effect of Straw Mulch on Soil Evaporation during Freeze–Thaw Periods

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Chen ◽  
Xue Xie ◽  
Xiuqing Zheng ◽  
Jing Xue ◽  
Chunyan Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Semi Arid

Reducing soil evaporation is important to alleviate water shortages in arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this work was to reveal the effect of straw mulch on soil evaporation based on field experiments during a freeze–thaw period in Northern China. Four soil surface mulch treatment modes were investigated: Bare soil (BS), 1 cm thick straw mulch with 100% coverage rate (J1), 2 cm thick straw mulch with 100% coverage rate (J2), and 2 cm thick straw mulch with 50% coverage rate (J3). Principal component analysis was used to analyze the major factors influencing soil evaporation in three freeze–thaw stages. The results show that cumulative soil evaporation decreased with increased straw mulch thickness and coverage rate. The effect of straw mulching on soil evaporation was obvious during the stable freezing period, and soil evaporation with straw mulch treatments was reduced by 49.0% to 58.8% compared to BS treatment, while there was little difference for straw mulch treatments in the thawing stage. The relationship between cumulative soil evaporation under different straw mulch modes and time was well fitted by the power function. In the unstable freezing stage, the major factors for all treatments influencing soil evaporation were surface soil temperature and water surface evaporation; in the stable stage, they were solar radiation and relative humidity, and in the thawing stage, they were solar radiation and air temperature. The research results can provide a basis for addressing soil water storage and moisture conservation and restraining ineffective soil evaporation in arid and semi-arid areas.

scholarly journals Microbial Interactions and Roles in Soil Fertility in Seasonal Freeze-Thaw Periods under Different Straw Returning Strategies

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Mengqi Sun ◽  
Baoyu Chen ◽  
Hongjun Wang ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Taigang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Soil Bacterial Communities ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Bacteria Community Structure ◽  
Thaw Period ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bacterial Groups

With the increase of world food demand, the intensity of cultivated land use also increased. To improve soil nutrient concentrations and crop yield, several straw returning techniques have been developed. Studies have shown that straw returning is beneficial to soil, but few studies have focused on the relationship between microbes and fertility in seasonal freeze-thaw periods. A two-year cropland experiment was set up that comprised three different straw return strategies, namely covering tillage with straw return for two years (CS), rotary tillage and straw return for two years (RS), rotary covering tillage with straw return (first year covering and the second year rotary tillage) (CRS), and conventional tillage with no straw return (CK). Illumina Miseq high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA was applied to assess bacteria community structure. The relationship between bacteria community structure and changes in soil fertility induced by different straw incorporating during seasonal trends was studied. Our results showed that soil bacterial communities varied significantly during the soil seasonal freeze-thaw period in the northwest of Jilin province, China, and were influenced, to some extent, by the different straw returning procedures. Multidimensional analysis revealed that total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN), and total nitrogen (TN) were the major drivers of bacterial community structure. The co-occurrence network was divided into several modules. Notably, the major bacterial modules varied significantly in different sampling periods and different treatments. These results suggested that specific bacterial groups could contribute to soil fertility in relation to environmental fluctuations. Some bacterial groups (e.g., Pyrinomonadales, Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales, and Xanthomonadales, in order level) were directly linked with specific environmental factors, indicating the key roles of these groups in soil fertility. In summary, the soil bacterial communities varied significantly during the freeze-thaw period and might play important roles in the degradation of straw. Thus, the straw return could enhance soil fertility.

Emission of CO2, CH4 and N2O from freshwater marsh during freeze–thaw period in Northeast of China

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (35) ◽  
pp. 6879-6885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changchun Song ◽  
Yuesi Wang ◽  
Yiyong Wang ◽  
Zhichun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Marsh ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Northeast Of China ◽  
Thaw Period

Effects of Seasonal Freeze-Thaw Processes on the Active Organic Matter in Cropland Black Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2985-2988
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Jing Shuang Liu ◽  
Quan Ying Wang ◽  
Lei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Active Organic Matter ◽  
Mineralization Of Organic Matter ◽  
Thaw Period

The action of freeze-thaw is one of the important influence factors which can cause the changes of soil physicochemical and biological characteristics. During the freeze-thaw period the variations of active organic matters in cropland black soil were studied through the in-situ monitoring and determining methods. The surface soil experienced a series of repeated freeze-thaw actions during the alternate from autumn to winter and from winter to spring. The soil active organic matter was in the trend of fluctuation increase from 8.68 mg kg-1to 9.81 mg kg-1 during the seasonal freeze-thaw period. The soil water soluble organic matter was also in a gradually increasing trend, which could increase 33.95% for the surface layer in early April of the next year when compared with that of January. The soil microorganism carbon content increased firstly and then decreased during the seasonal freeze-thaw period, which fluctuated at 912.51-1137.91 mg kg-1. The research showed that the freeze-thaw action could improve the active organic matter and strengthen the adaptability and activity of microorganism, which could promote the mineralization of organic matter.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF INFILTRATION INTO A BEAN STUBBLE FIELD DURING SEASONAL FREEZE-THAW PERIOD

Soil Science ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Xiuqing ◽  
M. W. Van Liew ◽  
G. N. Flerchinger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Period
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