scholarly journals Judging Relative Onsets and Offsets of Audiovisual Events

Vision ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puti Wen ◽  
Collins Opoku-Baah ◽  
Minsun Park ◽  
Randolph Blake
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments

This study assesses the fidelity with which people can make temporal order judgments (TOJ) between auditory and visual onsets and offsets. Using an adaptive staircase task administered to a large sample of young adults, we find that the ability to judge temporal order varies widely among people, with notable difficulty created when auditory events closely follow visual events. Those findings are interpretable within the context of an independent channels model. Visual onsets and offsets can be difficult to localize in time when they occur within the temporal neighborhood of sound onsets or offsets.

scholarly journals Stuck on a Plateau? A Model-Based Approach to Fundamental Issues in Visual Temporal-Order Judgments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Tünnermann ◽  
Ingrid Scharlau
Keyword(s):  
Model Comparison ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Visual Cognition ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Humans are incapable of judging the temporal order of visual events at brief temporal separations with perfect accuracy. Their performance---which is of much interest in visual cognition and attention research---can be measured with the temporal-order judgment task, which typically produces S-shaped psychometric functions. Occasionally, researchers reported plateaus within these functions, and some theories predict such deviation from the basic S shape. However, the centers of the psychometric functions result from the weakest performance at the most difficult presentations and therefore fluctuate strongly, leaving existence and exact shapes of plateaus unclear. This study set out to investigate whether plateaus disappear if the data accuracy is enhanced, or if we are ``stuck on a plateau'', or rather with it. For this purpose, highly accurate data were assessed by model-based analysis. The existence of plateaus is confidently confirmed and two plausible mechanisms derived from very different models are presented. Neither model, however, performs well in the presence of a strong attention manipulation, and model comparison remains unclear on the question which of the models describes the data best. Nevertheless, the present study includes the highest accuracy in visual TOJ data and the most explicit models of plateaus in TOJ studied so far.

scholarly journals Stuck on a Plateau? A Model-Based Approach to Fundamental Issues in Visual Temporal-Order Judgments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Tünnermann ◽  
Ingrid Scharlau
Keyword(s):  
Model Comparison ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Visual Cognition ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Humans are incapable of judging the temporal order of visual events at brief temporal separations with perfect accuracy. Their performance---which is of much interest in visual cognition and attention research---can be measured with the temporal-order judgment task, which typically produces S-shaped psychometric functions. Occasionally, researchers reported plateaus within these functions, and some theories predict such deviation from the basic S shape. However, the centers of the psychometric functions result from the weakest performance at the most difficult presentations and therefore fluctuate strongly, leaving existence and exact shapes of plateaus unclear. This study set out to investigate whether plateaus disappear if the data accuracy is enhanced, or if we are ``stuck on a plateau'', or rather with it. For this purpose, highly accurate data were assessed by model-based analysis. The existence of plateaus is confidently confirmed and two plausible mechanisms derived from very different models are presented. Neither model, however, performs well in the presence of a strong attention manipulation, and model comparison remains unclear on the question which of the models describes the data best. Nevertheless, the present study includes the highest accuracy in visual TOJ data and the most explicit models of plateaus in TOJ studied so far.

scholarly journals Stuck on a Plateau? A Model-Based Approach to Fundamental Issues in Visual Temporal-Order Judgments

Vision ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Tünnermann ◽  
Ingrid Scharlau
Keyword(s):  
Model Comparison ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Visual Cognition ◽  
Data Accuracy ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Humans are incapable of judging the temporal order of visual events at brief temporal separations with perfect accuracy. Their performance—which is of much interest in visual cognition and attention research—can be measured with the temporal-order judgment (TOJ) task, which typically produces S-shaped psychometric functions. Occasionally, researchers reported plateaus within these functions, and some theories predict such deviation from the basic S shape. However, the centers of the psychometric functions result from the weakest performance at the most difficult presentations and therefore fluctuate strongly, leaving the existence and exact shapes of plateaus unclear. This study set out to investigate whether plateaus disappear if the data accuracy is enhanced, or if we are “stuck on a plateau”, or rather with it. For this purpose, highly accurate data were assessed by model-based analysis. The existence of plateaus is confidently confirmed and two plausible mechanisms derived from very different models are presented. Neither model, however, performs well in the presence of a strong attention manipulation, and model comparison remains unclear on the question of which of the models describes the data best. Nevertheless, the present study includes the highest accuracy in visual TOJ data and the most explicit models of plateaus in TOJ studied so far.

Dichotic Temporal Order Judgments in Dyslexic and Nondyslexic Adults

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Babkoff ◽  
Elisheva Ben-Artzi ◽  
Leah Fostick
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments

Time changes: Temporal contexts support event segmentation in associative memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent van de Ven ◽  
Moritz Jaeckels ◽  
Peter De Weerd
Keyword(s):  
Associative Memory ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Temporal Acuity ◽  
Event Segmentation ◽  
Standard Interval ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments

We tend to mentally segment a series of events according to perceptual contextual changes, such that items from a shared context are more strongly associated in memory than items from different contexts. It is also known that temporal context provides a scaffold to structure experiences in memory, but its role in event segmentation has not been investigated. We adapted a previous paradigm, which was used to investigate event segmentation using visual contexts, to study the effects of changes in temporal contexts on event segmentation in associative memory. We presented lists of items in which the inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) ranged across lists between 0.5 and 4 s in 0.5 s steps. After each set of six lists, participants judged which one of two test items were shown first (temporal order judgment) for items that were either drawn from the same list or from consecutive lists. Further, participants judged from memory whether the ISI associated to an item lasted longer than a standard interval (2.25s) that was not previously shown. Results showed faster responses for temporal order judgments when items were drawn from the same context, as opposed to items drawn from different contexts. Further, we found that participants were well able to provide temporal duration judgments based on recalled durations. Finally, we found temporal acuity, as estimated by psychometric curve fitting parameters of the recalled durations, correlated inversely with within-list temporal order judgments. These findings show that changes in temporal context support event segmentation in associative memory.

scholarly journals Sext Dissemination: Differences across Nations in Motivations and Associations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2429
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Clancy ◽  
Bianca Klettke ◽  
Angela M. Crossman ◽  
David J. Hallford ◽  
Dominika Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Gender Interaction ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Cross National

Sext dissemination presents policy and legislative challenges given its potential psychological, social, and legal harms. We report on a cross-national comparison of sext-image dissemination in a large sample of 1148 young adults aged 18–29 years (M = 22.54, SD = 2.50, 53.0% women, 47.0% men), either U.S. (53.8%) or Australian (46.2%) residents. The results indicate that 14% of young adults disseminated sexts, with no difference by gender or country. Over 50% of respondents indicated that the last time they received a disseminated sext, it was unexpected or unwelcome, with women twice as likely as men to receive unwelcome sexts. The most frequent motivations for sext dissemination were similar cross-nationally, relating to the attractiveness of the person depicted, as a joke, to gossip, because it was not a big deal, bragging, roasting or teasing, and to increase social status. Motivations of attractiveness, bragging, or social status were more commonly endorsed by men, while women endorsed reasons around gossip or roasting/teasing. Unique predictors of sext dissemination included U.S. residence, requesting sexts, receiving disseminated sexts, having one’s own images disseminated, and more positive subjective norms to dissemination, and there was a country–gender interaction, where Australian women and U.S. men were more likely to disseminate sexts than then U.S. women or Australian men. The findings have implications for prevention programs seeking to address harmful online sexual interactions, including addressing respect, consent, and subjective norms supporting non-consensual dissemination.

Audiovisual Simultaneity Judgements in Synaesthesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anna Borgolte ◽  
Ahmad Bransi ◽  
Johanna Seifert ◽  
Sermin Toto ◽  
Gregor R. Szycik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Visual Events

Abstract Synaesthesia is a multimodal phenomenon in which the activation of one sensory modality leads to an involuntary additional experience in another sensory modality. To date, normal multisensory processing has hardly been investigated in synaesthetes. In the present study we examine processes of audiovisual separation in synaesthesia by using a simultaneity judgement task. Subjects were asked to indicate whether an acoustic and a visual stimulus occurred simultaneously or not. Stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA) as well as the temporal order of the stimuli were systematically varied. Our results demonstrate that synaesthetes are better in separating auditory and visual events than control subjects, but only when vision leads.

scholarly journals Overlapping but Divergent Neural Correlates Underpinning Audiovisual Synchrony and Temporal Order Judgments

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Love ◽  
Karin Petrini ◽  
Cyril R. Pernet ◽  
Marianne Latinus ◽  
Frank E. Pollick
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments
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