scholarly journals Special Issue for Purinergic Receptors, Particularly P2X7 Receptor, in the Eye

Vision ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
P2x7 Receptor ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Special Issue

n/a

scholarly journals The Tyrosine Phosphatase hPTPRβ Controls the Early Signals and Dopaminergic Cells Viability via the P2X7 Receptor

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12936
Author(s):  
Francisco Llavero Bernal ◽  
Miriam Luque Montoro ◽  
Alazne Arrazola Sastre ◽  
Hadriano M. Lacerda ◽  
José Luis Zugaza
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
P2x7 Receptor ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Dopaminergic Cells

ATP, one of the signaling molecules most commonly secreted in the nervous system and capable of stimulating multiple pathways, binds to the ionotropic purinergic receptors, in particular, the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and stimulates neuronal cell death. Given this effect of purinergic receptors on the viability of dopaminergic neurons model cells and that Ras GTPases control Erk1/2-regulated mitogen-activated cell proliferation and survival, we have investigated the role of the small GTPases of the Ras superfamily, together with their regulatory and effector molecules as the potential molecular intermediates in the P2X7R-regulated cell death of SN4741 dopaminergic neurons model cells. Here, we demonstrate that the neuronal response to purinergic stimulation involves the Calmodulin/RasGRF1 activation of the small GTPase Ras and Erk1/2. We also demonstrate that tyrosine phosphatase PTPRβ and other tyrosine phosphatases regulate the small GTPase activation pathway and neuronal viability. Our work expands the knowledge on the intracellular responses of dopaminergic cells by identifying new participating molecules and signaling pathways. In this sense, the study of the molecular circuitry of these neurons is key to understanding the functional effects of ATP, as well as considering the importance of these cells in Parkinson’s Disease.

scholarly journals Dissection of P2X4 and P2X7 Receptor Current Components in BV-2 Microglia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8489
Author(s):  
Mira Trang ◽  
Günther Schmalzing ◽  
Christa E. Müller ◽  
Fritz Markwardt
Keyword(s):  
P2x7 Receptor ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
P2x Receptors ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Pain Sensation ◽  
P2x7 Receptors ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Inflamed Tissue

Microglia cells represent the immune system of the central nervous system. They become activated by ATP released from damaged and inflamed tissue via purinergic receptors. Ionotropic purinergic P2X4 and P2X7 receptors have been shown to be involved in neurological inflammation and pain sensation. Whether the two receptors assemble exclusively as homotrimers or also as heterotrimers is still a matter of debate. We investigated the expression of P2X receptors in BV-2 microglia cells applying the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. We dissected P2X4 and P2X7 receptor-mediated current components by using specific P2X4 and P2X7 receptor blockers and by their characteristic current kinetics. We found that P2X4 and P2X7 receptors are activated independently from each other, indicating that P2X4/P2X7 heteromers are not of functional significance in these cells. The pro-inflammatory mediators lipopolysaccharide and interferon γ, if applied in combination, upregulated P2X4, but not P2X7 receptor-dependent current components also arguing against phenotypically relevant heteromerization of P2X4 and P2X7 receptor subunits.

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