scholarly journals SDAV, the Rat Coronavirus—How Much Do We Know about It in the Light of Potential Zoonoses

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1995
Author(s):  
Michalina Bartak ◽  
Anna Słońska ◽  
Marcin W Bańbura ◽  
Joanna Cymerys
Keyword(s):  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Current State ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Insight Into

Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) is known to be an etiological agent, causing infections in laboratory rats. Until now, its role has only been considered in studies on respiratory and salivary gland infections. The scant literature data, consisting mainly of papers from the last century, do not sufficiently address the topic of SDAV infections. The ongoing pandemic has demonstrated, once again, the role of the Coronaviridae family as extremely dangerous etiological agents of human zoonoses. The ability of coronaviruses to cross the species barrier and change to hosts commonly found in close proximity to humans highlights the need to characterize SDAV infections. The main host of the infection is the rat, as mentioned above. Rats inhabit large urban agglomerations, carrying a vast epidemic threat. Of the 2277 existing rodent species, 217 are reservoirs for 66 zoonotic diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. This review provides insight into the current state of knowledge of SDAV characteristics and its likely zoonotic potential.

Emerging Role of Technology in Health Education for Youth

2016 ◽  
pp. 1447-1464
Author(s):  
Amir Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
Current State ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Insight Into

The Information Technology (IT) produces significant impact on the emotional and social health of young people. It is obvious that IT is playing an increasingly important part in people's lives. This chapter reviews the current state of youth health and the role of digital landscapes in health education of youth. The chapter also provides insight into how youth, particularly youth of color, use technology to learn, communicate, and discuss various health-related issues. Specific technology needs and usage patterns are identified and success of various initiatives of use of technology for health educations is assessed. Various implications and recommendations are provided for optimizing technology use in young people health education.

scholarly journals Recent Insight into SARS-CoV2 Immunopathology and Rationale for Potential Treatment and Preventive Strategies in COVID-19

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Lega ◽  
Samuele Naviglio ◽  
Stefano Volpi ◽  
Alberto Tommasini
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatments ◽  
Immunomodulating Drugs ◽  
Insight Into

As the outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading globally, great effort is being made to understand the disease pathogenesis and host factors that predispose to disease progression in an attempt to find a window of opportunity for intervention. In addition to the direct cytopathic effect of the virus, the host hyper-inflammatory response has emerged as a key factor in determining disease severity and mortality. Accumulating clinical observations raised hypotheses to explain why some patients develop more severe disease while others only manifest mild or no symptoms. So far, Covid-19 management remains mainly supportive. However, many researches are underway to clarify the role of antiviral and immunomodulating drugs in changing morbidity and mortality in patients who become severely ill. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system and discusses recent findings on proposed pharmacologic treatments.

scholarly journals Rediscovering Psilocybin as an Antidepressive Treatment Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Rene Zeiss ◽  
Maximilian Gahr ◽  
Heiko Graf
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Antidepressive Treatment ◽  
High Treatment ◽  
Insight Into

There has recently been a renewal of interest in psychedelic research on the use of psilocybin in psychiatric treatment and, in particular, for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Several state-of-the-art studies have provided new insight into the mechanisms of action of psilocybin and its therapeutic potential. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered. With this review, we provide an overview of the current state of research on the potential mechanisms of psilocybin, its antidepressant potential, and the associated risks and adverse effects, to provide an update on a controversial topic discussed in psychopharmacology. A database search was conducted in Medline including articles on psilocybin over the period of the last 20 years. Despite the promising progress in understanding the mechanisms of psilocybin, the exact antidepressive mechanism and the role of the psychedelic experience remain elusive. The studies included in this review found high treatment effect sizes for psilocybin as an antidepressant. However, the results must be regarded as preliminary due to several limitations. Although the current studies observed no severe adverse events, several questions regarding safety and utility remain and must be subject of future research.

scholarly journals Dual Role of TNF and LTα in Carcinogenesis as Implicated by Studies in Mice

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1775
Author(s):  
Ekaterina O. Gubernatorova ◽  
Almina I. Polinova ◽  
Mikhail M. Petropavlovskiy ◽  
Olga A. Namakanova ◽  
Alexandra D. Medvedovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tnf Superfamily ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Lymphotoxin Alpha ◽  
Pleiotropic Functions

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin alpha (LTα) are two related cytokines from the TNF superfamily, yet they mediate their functions in soluble and membrane-bound forms via overlapping, as well as distinct, molecular pathways. Their genes are encoded within the major histocompatibility complex class III cluster in close proximity to each other. TNF is involved in host defense, maintenance of lymphoid tissues, regulation of cell death and survival, and antiviral and antibacterial responses. LTα, known for some time as TNFβ, has pleiotropic functions including control of lymphoid tissue development and homeostasis cross talk between lymphocytes and their environment, as well as lymphoid tissue neogenesis with formation of lymphoid follicles outside the lymph nodes. Along with their homeostatic functions, deregulation of these two cytokines may be associated with initiation and progression of chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning TNF/LTα functions in tumor promotion and suppression, with the focus on the recently uncovered significance of host–microbiota interplay in cancer development that may explain some earlier controversial results.

Ambulatory Monitoring of Daily Voice Use

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Vocal Behavior ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Vocal Function ◽  
Current State ◽  
Voice Use ◽  
Insight Into

Many common voice disorders are chronic or recurring conditions likely to result from faulty and/or abusive patterns of vocal behavior. Such behaviorally based disorders can be difficult to assess accurately in the clinical setting and potentially could be much better characterized by long-term ambulatory monitoring of vocal function as individuals engage in their typical daily activities. Ambulatory monitoring also could provide new insight into the actual role of voice use in common disorders and missing quantitative data on what constitutes normal levels of daily voice use for different groups of individuals, activities, and occupations. This report describes the motivation, previous development efforts, current state-of-the-art technology, and future directions in ambulatory monitoring of voice use.

Emerging Role of Technology in Health Education for Youth

2016 ◽  
pp. 374-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
Current State ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Insight Into

The Information Technology (IT) produces significant impact on the emotional and social health of young people. It is obvious that IT is playing an increasingly important part in people's lives. This chapter reviews the current state of youth health and the role of digital landscapes in health education of youth. The chapter also provides insight into how youth, particularly youth of color, use technology to learn, communicate, and discuss various health-related issues. Specific technology needs and usage patterns are identified and success of various initiatives of use of technology for health educations is assessed. Various implications and recommendations are provided for optimizing technology use in young people health education.

Host-ectoparasite Associations: The Role of Host Traits, Season and Habitat on Parasitism Interactions of the Rodents of Northeastern Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kordiyeh Hamidi ◽  
Rubén Bueno-Marí
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Choice ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Haemaphysalis Punctata ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Rodents play a significant role as reservoirs of zoonotic diseases. Nevertheless, their ectoparasite assemblage and host-ectoparasite associations are poorly known. This study intended to give new insights on the relationships between ectoparasites and rodents in northeastern Iran. Methods Rodents were captured using live traps during the year of 2016–2020 and their ectoparasites were collected. Parasitological indices such as infestation rate, prevalence and mean intensity of infestation were analyzed. Results A total of 284 rodents, belonging to 17 species, were trapped which infested by 178 ectoparasites from five orders Siphonaptera, Phthiraptera, Ixodida, Mesostigmata and Trombidiformes. Overall infestation rate was 50.3%. Flea Nosopsyllus fasciatus and louse Polyplax asiatica were dominated among all fleas and lice, respectively. Haemaphysalis punctata and Haemolaelaps sp. were recorded as the most abundant tick and mite, respectively. Nosopsyllus fasciatus exhibited low and Polyplax asiatica moderate host specificity. Around 64.2% of ectoparasites shared more than one host and others were singletons. Seasonal fluctuations were found in the occurrence of ectoparasite; fleas and lice were more abundant in spring and winter, respectively. Ticks demonstrated high abundance in spring and summer and mites were more common in autumn. Overall prevalence of ectoparasite on male rodents was greater than females (56.4% vs. 44.4%), while similar mean intensity were detected for both sexes. Conclusions This study extend the knowledge on the distribution, seasonality and host choice of four main groups of ectoparasites in associations with rodents. Further studies are needed to can provide deep insight into how relationships and interactions between ectoparasite and rodents are formed, and how they can be applied in epidemiology.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF SYSTEM ARCHETYPES IN PRACTICE: AN UNDERUTILISED PATHWAY TO BETTER MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír BUREŠ ◽  
Fridrich RACZ
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Managerial Performance ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Level ◽  
System Archetypes ◽  
Insight Into

Current dynamic business environment forces managers to apply various tools in order to improve organisational performance and effectiveness. System archetypes enable to cope with complexity and make appropriate decisions. This study is theoretically grounded in the field of economic cybernetics and system archetype analysis. It applies qualitative research on the sample of 54 managers with the high level of seniority. The aim is to reveal whether system archetypes are effectively used in practice. Two hypotheses focused on both knowledge about and application of system archetypes are tested. The results prove that there are inconsistencies tied to forms of system archetypes insight and knowledge. Moreover, there is an inadequate level of attention identified in investigated organisations. Results imply various potential research pathways that are outlined in the final section of the paper. Hence, the manuscript offers a unique insight into the current state of practical system archetypes utilisation and contributes to the explanation of the role of system archetypes in the economic cybernetics framework.

Plasminogen Activation In Vivo upon Intravenous Infusion of DDAVP

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Levi ◽  
Jan Paul de Boer ◽  
Dorina Roem ◽  
Jan Wouter ten Cate ◽  
C Erik Hack
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Activity ◽  
Insight Into

SummaryInfusion of desamino-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) results in an increase in plasma plasminogen activator activity. Whether this increase results in the generation of plasmin in vivo has never been established.A novel sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of the complex between plasmin and its main inhibitor α2 antiplasmin (PAP complex) was developed using monoclonal antibodies preferentially reacting with complexed and inactivated α2-antiplasmin and monoclonal antibodies against plasmin. The assay was validated in healthy volunteers and in patients with an activated fibrinolytic system.Infusion of DDAVP in a randomized placebo controlled crossover study resulted in all volunteers in a 6.6-fold increase in PAP complex, which was maximal between 15 and 30 min after the start of the infusion. Hereafter, plasma levels of PAP complex decreased with an apparent half-life of disappearance of about 120 min. Infusion of DDAVP did not induce generation of thrombin, as measured by plasma levels of prothrombin fragment F1+2 and thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complex.We conclude that the increase in plasminogen activator activity upon the infusion of DDAVP results in the in vivo generation of plasmin, in the absence of coagulation activation. Studying the DDAVP induced increase in PAP complex of patients with thromboembolic disease and a defective plasminogen activator response upon DDAVP may provide more insight into the role of the fibrinolytic system in the pathogenesis of thrombosis.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

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