scholarly journals Development of a Dendrimeric Peptide-Based Approach for the Differentiation of Animals Vaccinated with FlagT4G against Classical Swine Fever from Infected Pigs

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1980
Author(s):  
José Alejandro Bohórquez ◽  
Sira Defaus ◽  
Rosa Rosell ◽  
Marta Pérez-Simó ◽  
Mònica Alberch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccines ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Direct Elisa ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Conserved Epitope

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes a viral disease of high epidemiological and economical significance that affects domestic and wild swine. Control of the disease in endemic countries is based on live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) that induce an early protective immune response against highly virulent CSFV strains. The main disadvantage of these currently available LAVs is the lack of serological techniques to differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA concept). Here, we describe the development of the FlagDIVA test, a serological diagnostic tool allowing for the differentiation between animals vaccinated with the FlagT4G candidate and those infected with CSFV field strains. The FlagDIVA test is a direct ELISA based on a dendrimeric peptide construct displaying a conserved epitope of CSFV structural protein E2. Although FlagDIVA detected anti-CSFV anti-bodies in infected animals, it did not recognize the antibody response of FlagT4G-vaccinated animals. Therefore, the FlagDIVA test constitutes a valuable accessory DIVA tool in implementing vaccination with the FlagT4G candidate.

scholarly journals Does the infection with endoparasites influence the effect of oral vaccination against classical swine fever in wild boar?

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Anna Ondrejková ◽  
Ondrej Kiš ◽  
Juraj Ciberej ◽  
Katarína Oberhauserová ◽  
Róbert Ondrejka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Direct Elisa

Classical swine fever is a highly contagious viral disease that affects domestic and wild suids and could cause important economic losses. It is the most dangerous infectious disease of the wild boar that can cause severe death in densely populated areas. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of endoparasites on the oral vaccination against classical swine fever in wild boar. The study compared classical swine fever antibody titres in wild boar treated and untreated with antiparasitics. Fourteen six-month-old wild boar piglets were tested via direct ELISA to detect specific antibodies in blood serum after vaccination. Before the vaccination, one group of piglets was administered antiparasitic therapy; the other group of animals remained untreated. Twenty-eight days post vaccination, piglets from the first group (free of parasites) showed significantly (P = 0.0015) higher concentrations of specific antibodies than the infected animals. Obtained results proved that parasitic infections substantially influence the efficacy of oral vaccination against classical swine fever and may support the ability of the virus to produce infectious diseases and its transmission in the wild boar population. For that reason, antiparasitic therapy of wild boar populations before their vaccination is highly recommended in order to increase the vaccine’s efficacy.

scholarly journals Classical swine fever: current situation in European countries and its potential danger for the greek pig industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
S. C. KYRIAKIS (ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΣ Σ.Κ.) ◽  
S. K. KRITAS (Σ.Κ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ) ◽  
O. PAPADOPOULOS (ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Ο.) ◽  
I. MAVROMATIS (ΜΑΥΡΟΜΑΤΗΣ Ι.) ◽  
A. TSINAS (ΤΣΙΝΑΣ Α.)
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
General Information ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Painful Experience ◽  
Highly Virulent

Classical swine fever is a highly contagious viral disease of substantial economical importance for the pig industry. Its clinical demonstration varies according to the virulence of the infecting strain, so that highly virulent strains cause severe acute disease, whilst strains of low virulence appear to cause only mild or even inapparent disease. Swine fever is α problem in many countries worldwide for years. In Greece, the latest case was reported during 1985. Nowdays, swine fever became once more "hot" due to its appearance in countries that were free of the disease for long periods (Holland, Spain, Italy etc). In this review paper, some general information necessary for the understanding and the prevention of the disease are presented, and the latest data of the recent epidemic in different European countries are retrieved. Finally, based on the recent "painful" experience of these countries, essential preventive measures for the greek pig industry are suggested.

scholarly journals Immunological imprinting of the antibody response in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Aydillo ◽  
Alexander Rombauts ◽  
Daniel Stadlbauer ◽  
Sadaf Aslam ◽  
Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

AbstractIn addition to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), humans are also susceptible to six other coronaviruses, for which consecutive exposures to antigenically related and divergent seasonal coronaviruses are frequent. Despite the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing research, the nature of the antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unclear. Here we longitudinally profile the early humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and quantify levels of pre-existing immunity to OC43, HKU1 and 229E seasonal coronaviruses, and find a strong back-boosting effect to conserved but not variable regions of OC43 and HKU1 betacoronaviruses spike protein. However, such antibody memory boost to human coronaviruses negatively correlates with the induction of IgG and IgM against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid protein. Our findings thus provide evidence of immunological imprinting by previous seasonal coronavirus infections that can potentially modulate the antibody profile to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Antibody response to Salmonella typhi lw human Schistosomiasis mansoni

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Imaculada Muniz-Junqueira ◽  
José Tavares-Neto ◽  
Aluizio Prata ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Tosta
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Typhoid Vaccine ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Positive Antibody ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis

Antibody response to Salmonella typhi O and H antigens was evaluated in 24 individuals with either hepatointestinal or hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni before and after typhoid vaccination, and compared with that of non-infected controls. Before vaccination, Schistosoma-infected patients showed a higher frequency of positive antibody to O antigen and the same frequency to H antigen when compared with that of healthy individuals. However, those with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis showed higher titres of antibody to H antigen than those with hepatointestinal disease or healthy individuals. Infected subjects, particularly those with hepatointestinal disease, showed a decreased response after typhoid vaccine. Tins diminished ability to mount an immune response towards typhoid antigens dining schistosomiasis may interfere ivith the clearance of the bacteria from blood stream and, therefore, play a role in the prolonged survival of salmonella as obsewed in some patients with chronic salmonellosis associated with schistosomiasis.

scholarly journals Analysis of Virus Population Profiles within Pigs Infected with Virulent Classical Swine Fever Viruses: Evidence for Bottlenecks in Transmission but Absence of Tissue-Specific Virus Variants

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Melissa Johnston ◽  
Ulrik Fahnøe ◽  
Louise Lohse ◽  
Jens Bukh ◽  
Graham J. Belsham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classical Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virus Population ◽  
Highly Virulent

ABSTRACT Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) contains a specific motif within the E2 glycoprotein that differs between strains of different virulence. In the highly virulent CSFV strain Koslov, this motif comprises residues S763/L764 in the polyprotein. However, L763/P764 represent the predominant alleles in published CSFV genomes. In this study, changes were introduced into the CSFV strain Koslov (here called vKos_SL) to generate modified CSFVs with substitutions at residues 763 and/or 764 (vKos_LL, vKos_SP, and vKos_LP). The properties of these mutant viruses, in comparison to those of vKos_SL, were determined in pigs. Each of the viruses was virulent and induced typical clinical signs of CSF, but the vKos_LP strain produced them significantly earlier. Full-length CSFV cDNA amplicons (12.3 kb) derived from sera of infected pigs were deep sequenced and cloned to reveal the individual haplotypes that contributed to the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiles observed in the virus population. The SNP profiles for vKos_SL and vKos_LL displayed low-level heterogeneity across the entire genome, whereas vKos_SP and vKos_LP displayed limited diversity with a few high-frequency SNPs. This indicated that vKos_SL and vKos_LL exhibited a higher level of fitness in the host and more stability at the consensus level, whereas several consensus changes were observed in the vKos_SP and vKos_LP sequences, pointing to adaptation. For each virus, only a subset of the variants present within the virus inoculums were maintained in the infected pigs. No clear tissue-dependent quasispecies differentiation occurred within inoculated pigs; however, clear evidence for transmission bottlenecks to contact animals was observed, with subsequent loss of sequence diversity. IMPORTANCE The surface-exposed E2 protein of classical swine fever virus is required for its interaction with host cells. A short motif within this protein varies between strains of different virulence. The importance of two particular amino acid residues in determining the properties of a highly virulent strain of the virus has been analyzed. Each of the different viruses tested proved highly virulent, but one of them produced earlier, but not more severe, disease. By analyzing the virus genomes present within infected pigs, it was found that the viruses which replicated within inoculated animals were only a subset of those within the virus inoculum. Furthermore, following contact transmission, it was shown that a very restricted set of viruses had transferred between animals. There were no significant differences in the virus populations present in various tissues of the infected animals. These results indicate mechanisms of virus population change during transmission between animals.

scholarly journals Directed attenuation to enhance vaccine immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e1008602
Author(s):  
Rustom Antia ◽  
Hasan Ahmed ◽  
James J. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccines

Many viral infections can be prevented by immunizing with live, attenuated vaccines. Early methods of attenuation were hit-and-miss, now much improved by genetic engineering. However, even current methods operate on the principle of genetic harm, reducing the virus’s ability to grow. Reduced viral growth has the undesired side-effect of reducing the host immune response below that of infection with wild-type. Might some methods of attenuation instead lead to an increased immune response? We use mathematical models of the dynamics of virus with innate and adaptive immunity to explore the tradeoff between attenuation of virus pathology and immunity. We find that modification of some virus immune-evasion pathways can indeed reduce pathology yet enhance immunity. Thus, attenuated vaccines can, in principle, be directed to be safe yet create better immunity than is elicited by the wild-type virus.

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