scholarly journals Detection and Molecular Characterization of Two Gammaherpesviruses from Pantesco Breed Donkeys during an Outbreak of Mild Respiratory Disease

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Francesco Mira ◽  
Marta Canuti ◽  
Santina Di Bella ◽  
Roberto Puleio ◽  
Antonio Lavazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Dna Packaging ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Eosinophilic Inclusions

Equid and asinine gammaherpesviruses (GHVs; genus Percavirus) are members of the Herpesviridae family. Though GHVs have been reported in horse populations, less studies are available on gammaherpesviral infections in donkeys. This study reports the co-infection with two GHVs in Pantesco breed donkeys, an endangered Italian donkey breed. Samples (n = 124) were collected on a breeding farm in Southern Italy from 40 donkeys, some of which were healthy or presented erosive tongue lesions and/or mild respiratory signs. Samples were analysed by using a set of nested PCRs targeting the DNA polymerase, glycoprotein B, and DNA-packaging protein genes, and sequence and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Twenty-nine donkeys (72.5%) tested positive, and the presence of Equid gammaherpesvirus 7 and asinine herpesvirus 5 was evidenced. In 11 animals, we found evidence for co-infection with viruses from the two species. Virions with herpesvirus-like morphology were observed by electron microscopic examination, and viruses were successfully isolated in RK-13-KY cell monolayers. The histological evaluation of tongue lesions revealed moderate lympho-granulocytic infiltrates and rare eosinophilic inclusions. The detection of GHVs in this endangered asinine breed suggests the need long-life monitoring within conservation programs and reinforces the need for further investigations of GHV’s pathogenetic role in asinine species.

Doxorubicin for prevention of epineurial fibrosis in a rat sciatic nerve model: outcome based on gross postsurgical, histopathological, and ultrastructural findings

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baki S. Albayrak ◽  
Ozgur Ismailoglu ◽  
Konuralp Ilbay ◽  
Umut Yaka ◽  
Gamze Tanriover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biceps Femoris Muscle ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Sciatic Nerves

Object Epineural fibrosis may complicate peripheral nerve surgeries and currently is considered as one of the main factors responsible for failed surgeries. The authors investigated the postoperative antiscarring effects of topically applied doxorubicin (DXR) on rat sciatic nerves. Methods The sciatic nerves were dissected from the surrounding tissue and exposed bilaterally in 20 Wistar albino adult male rats. Abrasion trauma was produced on the exposed surface of the biceps femoris muscle in the vicinity of the sciatic nerves and their main branches in all animals. In the DXR Group, cottonoid pads soaked with DXR (0.5 mg/ml) were placed around the nerves for 5 minutes, whereas cotton pads soaked with saline (0.9% NaCl) were applied to nerves of animals in the Control Group for the same duration. Twelve weeks after the procedure, all of the rats were killed and the sciatic nerves were examined. Epineural adhesions were evaluated histopathologically and ultrastructurally. Additionally, quantitative histological parameters, the scar tissue formation index and the scar density, were calculated in histological evaluation. Results Gross postsurgical evaluation as well as histopathological and electron microscopic examination of involved nerve segments showed significantly less epineurial adhesions in the DXR Group than in the Control Group. Quantitative analysis of the epineurium revealed a statistically significant reduction in the density and amount of epineural scarring in specimens from the DXR Group than in those from the Control Group. Conlusions The results of gross postsurgical anatomical evaluation and histopathological and ultrastructural studies suggested that topical application of DXR effectively reduced epineural scar formation on rat sciatic nerves. These promising findings merit further experimental and clinical studies to determine the efficacy and safe applicability of DXR in human subjects.

scholarly journals 517 PB 453 ULTPASTRUCTURAL SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION OF FRUIT OF PEACH PLANT INTRODUCTION 133984

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 505e-505
Author(s):  
Michael A. Creller ◽  
Dennis J. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Trichome Morphology ◽  
Fruit Surface

Surface morphology of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] Plant Introduction 133984 (`Marina') differs from standard peach and nectarine clones. Scanning electron microscopic examination of `Marina', a standard peach (`Contender'), and a nectarine (`Sunglo') was conducted. At anthesis, `Marina' ovaries were glabrous, similar to `sunglo' nectarine. Fruit of `Contender' were fully pubescent at anthesis. Examination of `Marina' fruit two weeks after anthesis revealed the presence of both pubescent and glabrous sectors on the fruit surface. At fruit maturity, most of the fruit surface of `Marina' was covered with pubescence, but trichome density was considerably less than `Contender' peach. Trichome morphology of `Marina' differed from that of `Contender'.

scholarly journals Characterization of the DNA polymerase loci of the novel porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses 1 and 2 in domestic and feral pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 3199-3205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Ulrich ◽  
Michael Goltz ◽  
Bernhard Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Virus Transfer ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Cpg Dinucleotide

Two novel porcine gammaherpesviruses, porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses 1 and 2 (PLHV-1 and -2), have been detected by amplification of short DNA polymerase (DPOL) sequences from blood and spleen of domestic pigs while searching for unknown herpesviruses in pigs as possible risk factors in xenotransplantation. In the present study, the DPOL genes of the two viruses and the open reading frames (ORFs) that follow in the downstream direction were amplified by PCR-based genome walking from adaptor-ligated restriction fragment libraries of porcine spleen samples. The sequences determined for the two PLHVs exhibited a very low G+C content (37 mol%) and a marked suppression of the CpG dinucleotide frequency. The DPOL proteins encoded were 95% identical and showed a close relationship (60% identity) to the DPOL protein of a ruminant gammaherpesvirus, alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1). This was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of the conserved regions of the two PLHV DPOL proteins. The PLHV ORFs downstream of DPOL exhibited 83% identity to each other and ≫50% similarity to ORF A5, the position equivalent of AlHV-1. From these data, the PLHVs can be firmly classified to the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. To find a natural reservoir for the PLHVs, organs of feral pigs were screened with five different PCR assays, targetting either the DPOL gene or 3′-flanking sequences. In all samples, PLHV sequences were detected that originated predominantly from PLHV-2, suggesting the possibility of virus transfer between feral and domestic pig populations.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES OF THE MICROVILLI OF HELA CELLS

1967 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold W. Fisher ◽  
T. W. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
Embedding Technique ◽  
Surface Replica

Microvilli of HeLa cells cultured in vitro were preserved for electron microscopic examination at different stages of routine cultivation procedures. By a double-embedding technique, vertical sectioning for electron microscopy was possible. It revealed that, although the microvilli were present on all sides of the cell in the dispersed stage and in the attached stage, they were not present on the bottom of the cell when it was stretched on the surface of the dish. When the cells were grown in dense colonies, they were found on top of each other, and microvilli were present on all sides, except on the bottom surface of those cells in contact with the dish. We achieved a more dramatic demonstration of the microvilli by developing a surface-replica technique which retains their spatial arrangement and permits characterization of the distribution of their number, length, and diameter.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Ortleppascaris sinensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) from the Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Zhao ◽  
S.S. Wang ◽  
G.J. Tu ◽  
Y.K. Zhou ◽  
X.B. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chinese Alligator ◽  
Alligator Sinensis ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

AbstractA new nematode species, Ortleppascaris sinensis sp. nov. (Ascaridoidea), is described from specimens found in the stomach and intestine of the Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis Fauvel, 1879 (Crocodilian: Alligatoridae) in the National Nature Reserve of Chinese Alligator (Chinese Crocodile Lake) in Anhui Province, China. This is the first description of O. sinensis sp. nov. in both China and this crocodile host, increasing its distribution in South Asia as well as expanding the number of helminths known to infect this crocodile. The detailed description of O. sinensis sp. nov., based on light and scanning electron microscopic examination, provides new taxonomic data for this species, and we also report sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), small subunit DNA segments (18S) and the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene.

scholarly journals Bacillus okhensis sp. nov., a halotolerant and alkalitolerant bacterium from an Indian saltpan

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1073-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Nowlan ◽  
Mital S. Dodia ◽  
Satya P. Singh ◽  
B. K. C. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Tween 40 ◽  
Hydrolysed Casein

A strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium (0.6–0.8×2–3 μm), designated strain Kh10-101T, was isolated from a saltpan (22° 15′ N, 69° 1′ E) in the vicinity of Port Okha, India. The creamish pigmented colonies of strain Kh10-101T were round, flat and translucent with irregular margins and a smooth surface. The strain possessed up to three subpolar flagella, and was motile by a corkscrew motion. The strain grew optimally at 37 °C (temperature growth range 25–40 °C) in a complex glucose-containing medium with 5 % NaCl (NaCl growth range 0–10 %) at pH 9 (pH growth range pH 7–10), indicating that it was a mesophilic halotolerant alkaliphile. The strain was sensitive to lincomycin, meticillin, cefuroxime and cephalexin, but resistant to gentamicin, tetracycline and cotrimazine. Spores were not detected and cells were heat sensitive. The isolate metabolized a range of carbohydrates and hydrolysed casein, gelatin and starch. Growth was not observed on aromatic compounds, Tween 40 or Tween 80. Nitrate was not reduced and catalase was produced. Electron microscopic examination of thin sections revealed a single thick Gram-positive cell wall. The DNA G+C content was 41±1 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain Kh10-101T was a member of the sixth rRNA group of the genus Bacillus, which includes alkalitolerant, alkaliphilic and halotolerant species. The halotolerant obligate alkaliphile Bacillus krulwichiae is the closest relative of strain Kh10-101T (96 % similarity) but a number of phenotypic differences suggest that strain Kh10-101T (=JCM 13040T=ATCC BAA-1137T) should be designated the type strain of a new species, for which the name Bacillus okhensis sp. nov. is proposed.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Novel Megalocytivirus Isolated from European Chub (Squalius cephalus)

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya A. Halaly ◽  
Kuttichantran Subramaniam ◽  
Samantha A. Koda ◽  
Vsevolod L. Popov ◽  
David Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
European Chub ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Squalius Cephalus

A novel virus from moribund European chub (Squalius cephalus) was isolated on epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. Transmission electron microscopic examination revealed abundant non-enveloped, hexagonal virus particles in the cytoplasm of infected EPC cells consistent with an iridovirus. Illumina MiSeq sequence data enabled the assembly and annotation of the full genome (128,216 bp encoding 108 open reading frames) of the suspected iridovirus. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses based on 25 iridovirus core genes supported the European chub iridovirus (ECIV) as being the sister species to the recently-discovered scale drop disease virus (SDDV), which together form the most basal megalocytivirus clade. Genetic analyses of the ECIV major capsid protein and ATPase genes revealed the greatest nucleotide identity to members of the genus Megalocytivirus including SDDV. These data support ECIV as a novel member within the genus Megalocytivirus. Experimental challenge studies are needed to fulfill River’s postulates and determine whether ECIV induces the pathognomonic microscopic lesions (i.e., megalocytes with basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions) observed in megalocytivirus infections.

Electron microscopic studies on ultrathin frozen sections of lactating mouse mammary gland

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Jan Zarzycki ◽  
Joseph Szroeder
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Mouse Mammary Gland ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections

The mammary gland ultrastructure in various functional states is the object of our investigations. The material prepared for electron microscopic examination by the conventional chemical methods has several limitations, the most important are the protein denaturation processes and the loss of large amounts of chemical constituents from the cells. In relevance to this,one can't be sure about a degree the observed images are adequate to the realy ultrastructure of a living cell. To avoid the disadvantages of the chemical preparation methods,some autors worked out alternative physical methods based on tissue freezing / freeze-drying, freeze-substitution, freeze-eatching techniqs/; actually the technique of cryoultraraicrotomy,i,e.cutting ultrathin sections from deep frozen specimens is assented as a complete alternative method. According to the limitations of the routine plastic embbeding methods we were interested to analize the mammary gland ultrastructure during lactation by the cryoultramicrotomy method.

A Comparative Study of Fractographic Replicas

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 566-567
Author(s):  
Loren Anderson ◽  
Pat Pizzo ◽  
Glen Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Service Failures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Transmission electron microscopy of replicas has long been used to study the fracture surfaces of components which fail in service. Recently, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has gained popularity because it allows direct examination of the fracture surface. However, the somewhat lower resolution of the SEM coupled with a restriction on the sample size has served to limit the use of this instrument in investigating in-service failures. It is the intent of this paper to show that scanning electron microscopic examination of conventional negative replicas can be a convenient and reliable technique for determining mode of failure.

Novel methods for demonstrating osseointegration of hydroxylapatite-coated titanium hip prostheses

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Frayssinet ◽  
J. Hanker ◽  
D. Hardy ◽  
B. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Hip Prosthesis ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hip Prostheses ◽  
Cellular Inclusions ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Diamond Saw ◽  
Plasma Sprayed

Prostheses implanted in hard tissues cannot be processed for electron microscopic examination or microanalysis in the same way as those in other tissues. For these reasons, we have developed methods allowing light and electron microscopic studies as well as microanalysis of the interface between bone and a metal biomaterial coated by plasma-sprayed hydroxylapatite(HA) ceramic.An HA-coated titanium hip prosthesis (Corail, Landos, France), which had been implanted for two years, was removed after death (unrelated to the orthopaedic problem). After fixation it was dehydrated in solutions of increasing ethanol concentration prior to embedment in polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA). Transverse femur sections were obtained with a diamond saw and the sections then carefully ground to a thickness of 200 microns. Plastic-embedded sections were stained for calcium with a silver methenamine modification of the von Kossa method for calcium staining and coated by carbon. They have been examined by back-scatter SEM on an ISI-SS60 operated at 25 KV. EDAX has been done on cellular inclusions and extracellular bone matrix.

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