scholarly journals Defense-Related Gene Expression Following an Orthotospovirus Infection Is Influenced by Host Resistance in Arachis hypogaea

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Michael A. Catto ◽  
Anita Shrestha ◽  
Mark R. Abney ◽  
Donald E. Champagne ◽  
Albert K. Culbreath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stilbene Synthase ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Defense Related Gene ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeats

Planting resistant cultivars is the most effective tactic to manage the thrips-transmitted tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) in peanut plants. However, molecular mechanisms conferring resistance to TSWV in resistant cultivars are unknown. In this study, transcriptomes of TSWV-susceptible (SunOleic 97R) and field-resistant (Tifguard) peanut cultivars with and without TSWV infection were assembled and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were compared. There were 4605 and 2579 significant DEGs in SunOleic 97R and Tifguard, respectively. Despite the lower number of DEGs in Tifguard, an increased proportion of defense-related genes were upregulated in Tifguard than in the susceptible cultivar. Examples included disease resistance (R) proteins, leucine-rich repeats, stilbene synthase, dicer, and calmodulin. Pathway analysis revealed the increased downregulation of genes associated with defense and photosynthesis in the susceptible cultivar rather than in the resistant cultivar. These results suggest that essential physiological functions were less perturbed in the resistant cultivar than in the susceptible cultivar and that the defense response following TSWV infection was more robust in the resistant cultivar than in the susceptible cultivar.

scholarly journals Response of Heterodera glycines and Soybean Cultivar to Tillage and Row Spacing

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Chen ◽  
W. C. Stienstra ◽  
W. E. Lueschen ◽  
T. R. Hoverstad
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Resistant Cultivars

Heterodera glycines, commonly known as the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), has become a major factor in soybean production in the Midwest United States. The influence of five tillage treatments and two treatments of row spacing on SCN population dynamics and yield of SCN-resistant and -susceptible soybean cultivars was investigated in a corn-soybean rotation system in southern Minnesota from 1993 to 1996. No effects of tillage and row spacing were observed on nematode population density. As expected, the susceptible cultivar Sturdy consistently supported higher nematode densities than did the resistant cultivar Bell in 1993 to 1995 and Freeborn in 1996. Nematode reproduction varied among years. Predicted nematode density at equilibrium was 3,800, 13,000, 12,000, and 27,000 eggs per 100 cm3 of soil in plots with the susceptible cultivar and 480, 240, 430, and 700 eggs per 100 cm3 of soil in plots with the resistant cultivars in 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively. The effects of tillage and row spacing on soybean yield were inconsistent. The resistant cultivars yielded 653, 195, and 435 kg/ha more (P < 0.05) than the susceptible cultivar in 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively, but no yield difference between susceptible and resistant cultivars was observed in 1993. Planting resistant cv. Bell increased the yield of the following susceptible cv. Sturdy compared with continual planting of the susceptible cultivar. A sequence with continued resistant cultivar or cultivars, however, produced a higher overall yield and lower nematode density at the end of the 4-year rotation cycle than any sequence in which the susceptible cultivar was included. Yield of resistant and susceptible cultivars was negatively related to the SCN initial population density.

scholarly journals Enrichment of beneficial cucumber rhizosphere microbes mediated by organic acid secretion

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wen ◽  
Jun Yuan ◽  
Xiaoming He ◽  
Yue Lin ◽  
Qiwei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Chemotaxis ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Metabolic Pathway Analysis ◽  
Rhizosphere Microflora ◽  
Resistant Cultivars

Abstract Resistant cultivars have played important roles in controlling Fusarium wilt disease, but the roles of rhizosphere interactions among different levels of resistant cultivars are still unknown. Here, two phenotypes of cucumber, one resistant and one with increased susceptibility to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum (Foc), were grown in the soil and hydroponically, and then 16S rRNA gene sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics techniques were used to investigate rhizosphere microflora and root exudate profiles. Relatively high microbial community evenness for the Foc-susceptible cultivar was detected, and the relative abundances of Comamonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae were higher for the Foc-susceptible cultivar than for the other cultivar. FishTaco analysis revealed that specific functional traits, such as protein synthesis and secretion, bacterial chemotaxis, and small organic acid metabolism pathways, were significantly upregulated in the rhizobacterial community of the Foc-susceptible cultivar. A machine-learning approach in conjunction with FishTaco plus metabolic pathway analysis revealed that four organic acids (citric acid, pyruvate acid, succinic acid, and fumarate) were released at higher abundance by the Foc-susceptible cultivar compared with the resistant cultivar, which may be responsible for the recruitment of Comamonadaceae, a potential beneficial microbial group. Further validation demonstrated that Comamonadaceae can be “cultured” by these organic acids. Together, compared with the resistant cultivar, the susceptible cucumber tends to assemble beneficial microbes by secreting more organic acids.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Phialophora gregata in Stem Residue of a Resistant and a Susceptible Soybean Cultivar

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Impullitti ◽  
C. R. Grau
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Phialophora Gregata ◽  
Genotype A

Previous studies on the saprophytic survival of Phialophora gregata were conducted with soybean residue derived from a susceptible cultivar and did not address genotypes of P. gregata. This current study monitored the saprophytic population density of P. gregata in stem residue derived from a susceptible and a resistant soybean cultivar placed in the field. A second phase of the study followed the frequencies of genotypes A and B of P. gregata in stem residue derived from a susceptible cultivar. The population density of P. gregata declined 10-fold in stem residue from the initiation of sampling to the end of this 16-month study, regardless of cultivar or whether residue was positioned on the soil surface or buried. The population density of P. gregata was greater in buried residue of the resistant cultivar compared with the susceptible cultivar after 12 to 14 months, but equalized after 16 months. The population density of P. gregata was similar in residue derived from the susceptible and resistant cultivars if positioned on the soil surface. Genotype B was detected more frequently than genotype A of P. gregata at each sampling date regardless of residue placement.

scholarly journals The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on antioxidant system of grape leaves infected by downy mildew

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 06006
Author(s):  
Alisa Mishko ◽  
Eugene Lutsky
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Stilbene Synthase ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Downy Mildew Disease

In this article, results of the comparative analysis and assessment of resistance of two grape cultivars Vostorg and Muscat blanc against downy mildew disease (Plasmopara viticola) with or without the symbiote Saccharomyces cerevisiae (vine yeast) were shown. The highly resistant cultivar Vostorg with yeast pre-treatment demonstrated a high defensive capability to the pathogen due to the fast immune response. On the first day after inoculation with downy downy mildew the rapid increase in the hydrogen peroxide, which is involved the first step of the grape’s defense system induction, was observed. At the same time, the upregulation of the relative expression of the PR2 protein (β-1,3-gluconase), a key gene involved in the plant’s resistance to pathogens. The oxidative burst was not detected in the susceptible cultivar Muscat blanc for the couple of hours after inoculation with downy mildew pathogen. The significant increase of the total phenols content and expression of stilbene synthase, which is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of phytoalexins, was observed in leaves of Muscat blanc. It was shown that pre-treatment of grape leaves with natural symbiote S. cerevisiae enhanced the immune response of the resistant cultivar Vostorg and inducted phytoalexins synthesis in the susceptible cultivar Muscat blanc.

Effect of Cultivar Selection on Soil Population of Verticillium dahliae and Wilt Development in Cotton

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpi Chawla ◽  
Jason E. Woodward ◽  
Terry A. Wheeler ◽  
Jane K. Dever
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Soil Population ◽  
Cultivar Selection

A microplot study was conducted over a 3-year period to investigate the influence of planting combinations of susceptible and/or partially resistant cotton cultivars on soil population of Verticillium dahliae. Stoneville (ST) 4554B2RF was used throughout the test as a susceptible cultivar and either Associated Farming Delinting (AFD) 5065B2F or an advanced breeding line was used as a partially resistant cultivar. Microplots were augmented with field soil naturally infested with V. dahliae. ST 4554B2RF when planted in three sequential seasons increased V. dahliae population in soil by 754 fold; however, V. dahliae population in microplots planted to the partially resistant cultivars over three seasons increased by 114 fold. Disease incidence increased from 8% to 58% over 3 years for ST 4554B2RF and from 0% to 5% for AFD 5065B2F or advanced breeding line over the same period. Yield was highest after 3 years of AFD 5065B2F or the advanced breeding line and lowest after 3 years of ST 4554B2RF. Yield correlated with the current year cultivar, pre-plant V. dahliae densities, and disease incidence. Results from this study indicate that cultivar selection can impact microsclerotia density and incidence of wilt in cotton. Accepted for publication 26 June 2012. Published 24 August 2012.

scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal and Quantitative Analysis of Growth and EPS I Production by Ralstonia solanacearum in Resistant and Susceptible Tomato Cultivars

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1233-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McGarvey ◽  
T. P. Denny ◽  
M. A. Schell
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

One susceptible and two resistant cultivars of tomato were tested for differences in infection by Ralstonia solanacearum and for the subsequent multiplication, colonization, and production of the wilt-inducing virulence factor, exopolysaccharide I (EPS I). Bacterial ingress into the taproot was fastest in the susceptible cv. Marion, followed by the resistant cvs. L285 (fivefold slower) and Hawaii 7996 (15-fold slower). Once inside the taproot, R. solanacearum colonized, to some extent, almost all regions of the resistant and susceptible plants. However, colonization occurred sooner in the susceptible than in the resistant cultivars, as measured by viablecell counts of bacteria in the midstems. Rates of multiplication and maximum bacterial cell densities were also greater in the susceptible than in the resistant cultivars. Growth experiments utilizing xylem fluid from infected and uninfected plants indicated that neither antimicrobial activities nor reduced levels of growth-supporting nutrients in the xylem fluids were responsible for the reduced bacterial multiplication in the resistant cultivars. Quantification of EPS I in the infected plants, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, revealed that the bacterial populations in the susceptible cultivar produced greater amounts of EPS I per plant than those in the resistant cultivars. Immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies against either EPS I or R. solanacearum cells revealed that bacteria and EPS I were distributed throughout the vascular bundles and intercellular spaces of the pith in the susceptible cultivar, whereas in the resistant cultivars, bacteria and EPS I were restricted to the vascular tissues.

Overexpression of the TIR-X gene results in a dwarf phenotype and activation of defense-related gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (6) ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Kato ◽  
Tamao Saito ◽  
Hidetaka Ito ◽  
Yoshibumi Komeda ◽  
Atsushi Kato
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Dwarf Phenotype ◽  
Defense Related Gene ◽  
X Gene

Differential Regulation of Defense-Related Gene Expression in Response to Red Rot Pathogen Colletotrichum falcatum Infection in Sugarcane

2013 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Prathima ◽  
M. Raveendran ◽  
K. K. Kumar ◽  
P. R. Rahul ◽  
V. Ganesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Defense Related Gene
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