scholarly journals Serological Evidence of Filovirus Infection in Nonhuman Primates in Zambia

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
Katendi Changula ◽  
Edgar Simulundu ◽  
Boniface Pongombo Lombe ◽  
Eri Nakayama ◽  
Hiroko Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Reston Virus

Ebolaviruses and marburgviruses are filoviruses that are known to cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). While some bat species are suspected to be natural reservoirs of these filoviruses, wild NHPs often act as intermediate hosts for viral transmission to humans. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we screened two NHP species, wild baboons and vervet monkeys captured in Zambia, for their serum IgG antibodies specific to the envelope glycoproteins of filoviruses. From 243 samples tested, 39 NHPs (16%) were found to be seropositive either for ebolaviruses or marburgviruses with endpoint antibody titers ranging from 100 to 25,600. Interestingly, antibodies reactive to Reston virus, which is found only in Asia, were detected in both NHP species. There was a significant difference in the seropositivity for the marburgvirus antigen between the two NHP species, with baboons having a higher positive rate. These results suggest that wild NHPs in Zambia might be nonlethally exposed to these filoviruses, and this emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of filovirus infection in wild animals to better understand the ecology of filoviruses and to assess potential risks of outbreaks in humans in previously nonendemic countries.

Investigations of the Immunoglobulin Subtype Transformation of Anti–Heparin-Platelet Factor 4 Antibodies During Treatment With a Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (Clivarin) in Orthopedic Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-588
Author(s):  
Sarfraz Ahmad ◽  
H. Peter Bacher ◽  
Michael R. Lassen ◽  
Debra A. Hoppensteadt ◽  
Helen Leitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Serotonin Release ◽  
Platelet Factor 4 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Orthopedic Patients

Abstract Context.—It is now widely accepted that the pathophysiology of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) syndrome is mediated by the generation of a wide array of functional and molecularly heterogeneous anti–heparin-platelet factor 4 (AHPF4) antibodies that may mediate platelet and/or endothelial cell activation/destruction. Objective.—We investigated the differential prevalence and functionality of AHPF4 immunoglobulin subtypes (IgA, IgG, and IgM) in plasmas obtained from orthopedic patients immobilized with Plaster-Cast and treated with clivarin (a low-molecular-weight heparin) in comparison to a placebo for the prophylaxis of deep-vein thrombosis. Design and Methods.—Clivarin was administered subcutaneously at a fixed daily dosage of 1750 U without any adjustment or loading dosage. Citrated plasmas were obtained at baseline, at 10 to 14 days, and at postbrace procedure (5–12 weeks). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantitate the AHPF4 antibody titers. The functionality of the ELISA-positive samples was determined by a 14C-serotonin release assay (SRA). Results.—In the ELISA test, 16 of 1073 samples (1.5%; 6 in clivarin and 10 in placebo groups) were positive for AHPF4 antibodies (mean optical density [OD] = 0.46 ± 0.02). None of the ELISA-positive samples for AHPF4 antibodies could mediate platelet activation responses as determined by the SRA (0%–3% serotonin release, P > .10, n = 16). Through differential immunoglobulin subtype analysis of the samples positive for (cumulative) AHPF4 antibodies, we determined that their relative prevalence in plasma were as follows: IgM (mean OD = 0.71 ± 0.13) > IgG (0.31 ± 0.08) > IgA (0.14 ± 0.02). Although there was no significant difference in the total antibody titers between clivarin and placebo groups, the antibody subtyping data showed conversion trends (ie, IgA [clivarin to placebo], IgG [placebo to clivarin], and IgM [clivarin to placebo]). Conclusion.—These observations indicate that even at reduced dosages, clivarin can shift the immunogenic up-regulation toward the IgG subpopulation; however, the IgG subtype is of a nonfunctional type of AHPF4 antibody and thus may not cause any HIT-related pathogenic responses.

scholarly journals Antibody Responses to Natural Rattlesnake Envenomation and a Rattlesnake Toxoid Vaccine in Horses

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndi L. Gilliam ◽  
Robert C. Carmichael ◽  
Todd C. Holbrook ◽  
Jennifer M. Taylor ◽  
Charlotte L. Ownby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Crotalus Atrox ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rattlesnake Venom ◽  
Antibody Titers

ABSTRACTAntivenom antibody titers following administration of rattlesnake venom for antivenom production in horses are well documented; however, antivenom antibody titers following natural rattlesnake envenomation in horses are not. Antibody titers produced in response to the commercially available rattlesnake venom vaccine are also not published. Our study objectives were to measure antivenom antibody titers in rattlesnake-bitten horses and compare them to titers in horses vaccinated with the rattlesnake venom vaccine. Additionally, titers were compared in pregnant versus nonpregnant horses to assess the affect of pregnancy on vaccine response and were measured pre- and postsuckle in foals of vaccinated mares to detect passive transfer of vaccine immunoglobulins. Blood samples were collected from16 rattlesnake-bitten horses. Thirty-six horses (11 pregnant mares, 12 nonpregnant mares, 13 geldings) were vaccinated using aCrotalus atroxvenom toxoid vaccine. Blood was collected before administering each vaccination and 30 days following the third vaccination. Blood was collected from foals of vaccinated mares pre- and postsuckle. All serum was assayed for anti-Crotalus atroxvenom antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rattlesnake-bitten horses had higher (P= 0.001) titers than vaccinated horses. There was no significant difference between titers in vaccinated pregnant versus nonpregnant horses. One mare had a positive titer at foaling, and the foals had positive postsuckle titers. Antivenom antibody titer development was variable following natural envenomation and vaccination, and vaccine-induced titers were lower than natural envenomation titers. Further studies are required to determine if natural or vaccine antivenom antibody titers reduce the effects of envenomation.

scholarly journals Anti-S. typhi Vi IgG levels in children with and without typhoid vaccinations

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Sriandayani Sriandayani ◽  
Tonny H. Rampengan ◽  
Hesti Lestari ◽  
Novie Rampengan
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Protective Antibody ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Antibody Levels

Background Typhoid fever is endemic to Indonesia, with an annual incidence of 13/10,000 people. Vaccination has been shown to be an effective method to prevent typhoid fever. Of several vaccine types, the polysaccharide Vi vaccine is the most commonly used typhoid vaccine in developing countries. Results of previous studies remain inconclusive on the necessity of revaccination every 3 years.Objective To compare the mean serum anrioody titers of anti-S. typhi Vi IgG and the proportion of children with protective antibody levels between children with and without typhoid Vi vaccination.Methods We conducted a cross-secrional study at Tuminring District, 11anado from June to September 2012. Data was analyzed using independent T-test and Fisher's test. Serum anti-S. typhi Vi IgG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results Seventy-six subjects were divided into two groups: 38 children who had received the typhoid Vi vaccination more than 3 years prior to this study and 38 children who never had typhoid vaccinations as a control group. No statistically significant difference in age and gender was found between the two groups. The mean serum anti-Vi IgG level was 0.55 ug/mL (SD 0.58; 95%CI 0.36 to 0.74) in the vaccinated group, significantly higher than that of the control group [0.31 ug/mL (SD 0.12); 950/£1 0.17 to 0.44; P􀂥0.0381. The proportion of children with protective antiNi antioody level was higher in the vaccinated group (23.7%) than in the control group  (10.5%), howevet; this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.128).Conclusion The mean serum anti-S. typhi Vi IgG antibody level in children who had been vaccinated more than 3 years prior to the study is higher than in children who had never received typhoid vaccinations. Nevertheless, the mean antibody titers are generally non-protective in ooth groups. Also, the proportion of children with protective antibody levels is not significantly different between the two groups.

Seroepidemiology ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in Bai and Han ethnic groups in southwestern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-L. LI ◽  
L. DONG ◽  
Q. LI ◽  
L. ZHANG ◽  
J. CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYEating raw pork and/or liver is a custom of the Bai ethnic group in China. Most people living in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, southwestern China are of Bai ethnicity. Little is known of the seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiin Bai and Han ethnic populations in this region. In the present survey, a total of 555 and 595 blood samples were obtained from Bai and Han ethnic groups in Dali urban and rural areas, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to examineT. gondiiIgG antibodies. Total positive rate of anti-T. gondiiIgG in Bai and Han groups in this region was 21·6% (248/1150). The total seroprevalence ofT. gondiiwas significantly higher in the Bai ethnic group (32·3%, 179/555) than in the Han ethnic group (11·6%, 69/595) (P < 0·01). The results of statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between cat feeding/non-cat feeding groups in the Bai ethnic group, the most important risk factor was consumption of raw pork and/or liver for the Bai group, but feeding a cat may be the main route ofT. gondiiinfection for the Han group. Therefore, it is essential to implement integrated strategies to prevent and controlT. gondiiinfection in this unique region of the world.

scholarly journals Different Profiles of Antibodies and Cytokines Were Found Between Severe and Moderate COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaolin Guo ◽  
Tianyi Li ◽  
Xinyi Xia ◽  
Bin Su ◽  
Hanping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Elisa System ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Ifn Γ

ObjectivesOur objective was to determine the antibody and cytokine profiles in different COVID-19 patients.MethodsCOVID-19 patients with different clinical classifications were enrolled in this study. The level of IgG antibodies, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgG subclasses targeting N and S proteins were tested using ELISA. Neutralizing antibody titers were determined by using a toxin neutralization assay (TNA) with live SARS-CoV-2. The concentrations of 8 cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, CCL2, CXCL10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, were measured using the Protein Sample Ella-Simple ELISA system. The differences in antibodies and cytokines between severe and moderate patients were compared by t-tests or Mann-Whitney tests.ResultsA total of 79 COVID-19 patients, including 49 moderate patients and 30 severe patients, were enrolled. Compared with those in moderate patients, neutralizing antibody and IgG-S antibody titers in severe patients were significantly higher. The concentration of IgG-N antibody was significantly higher than that of IgG-S antibody in COVID-19 patients. There was a significant difference in the distribution of IgG subclass antibodies between moderate patients and severe patients. The positive ratio of anti-S protein IgG3 is significantly more than anti-N protein IgG3, while the anti-S protein IgG4 positive rate is significantly less than the anti-N protein IgG4 positive rate. IL-2 was lower in COVID-19 patients than in healthy individuals, while IL-4, IL-6, CCL2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were higher in COVID-19 patients than in healthy individuals. IL-6 was significantly higher in severe patients than in moderate patients. The antibody level of anti-S protein was positively correlated with the titer of neutralizing antibody, but there was no relationship between cytokines and neutralizing antibody.ConclusionsOur findings show the severe COVID-19 patients’ antibody levels were stronger than those of moderate patients, and a cytokine storm is associated with COVID-19 severity. There was a difference in immunoglobulin type between anti-S protein antibodies and anti-N protein antibodies in COVID-19 patients. And clarified the value of the profile in critical prevention.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of HSP90α and Related Markers in Lung Cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Yuan ◽  
Songlin Hong ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Lin He ◽  
Peng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Abstract Aims To prove the expression of heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) in the lung cancer and the clinical value of HSP90α and related markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods The concentrations of HSP90α and related markers were detected in the blood of 560 lung cancer patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for analyzing the statistical differences of HSP90α between the patients group and the healthy group in patients' age, gender, different pathological types, lung cancer staging, and metastasis status, as well as the differences and evaluate the value of HSP90α and related markers in lung cancer diagnosis. Results The results showed no statistical difference in HSP90α among different age groups. And the HSP90α level cannot be distinguished by genders significantly (P>0.05); In the group by lung cancer type, statistical differences were found in the HSP90α level between the small cell lung cancer group and the squamous cell carcinoma group (P<0.05); In the group by stage, the HSP90α level of high staging was significantly higher than that low staging (P<0.05), and the significant difference among the groups; the HSP90α level at I/II/III/IV shows statistical differences among the groups (P<0.05); And the test result of HSP90α was higher in the metastatic group than in the non-metastatic group significantly, and the significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The r value of the HSP90α and related markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer: NSE>CEA>ProGRP>CF211 (P<0.05). While HSP90α and related markers didn’t fit the satisfactory conformance, in terms of the positive rate of diagnosis, there were statistically differences in the diagnostic positive rate between HSP90α and each maker (P<0.01). Reducing HSP90α clinical references in lung cancer combined diagnosis can effectively improve the positive rate of the combined diagnosis. Conclusion HSP90α has significant value on early screening and diagnosis of lung cancer. The combined application of HSP90α and related markers can improve the positive rate of early diagnosis of lung cancer effectively.

STUDY ON LEVEL OF ANTI GAD AND ICA AUTOANTIBODIES IN PATIENTSWITH DIABETES MELLITUS

2016 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Phuong Phan ◽  
Dinh Thanh Truong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Background: Autoantibodies anti GAD and ICA associated to the autoimmune process of patients with diabetes. Detection of these antibodies in progessive diabeticpatients is very necessary because the presence of anti GAD and ICA can predict the progression of the disease to insulin-dependent diabetes in the future. This study was carried out with aims: (1) to define the positive rate, anti GAD and ICA level in patients with diabetes. (2) to evaluate the correlation between anti GAD and ICA with several clinical and paraclinical features of diabetic patients. Materials and method: 88 patients diagnosed of diabetes by the criteria of ADA 2014, withfasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or≥ 7,0 mmol/L) and HbA1C> 6.5%. Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure those autoantibodies of anti GAD and ICA, kits were supplied by DRG company, Germany. Results: the anti GAD positive rate was 10.2%; mean of level of anti GAD was 1.44±0.25 U/mL. ICA positive ratewas 9.1%; mean of level of ICA was 1.44±0.12 U/mL. Positive rate with anti GAD and/or ICA was 19.3%. About the correlation between level of anti GAD, ICA with some of clinical features, we found only the statistically significant difference with p<0.05 between blur vision in the group of ICA level > 1.25U/mL with group of ICA level< 1.25U/mL. About the paraclinical features, the difference with statistical significance (p<0.05) of HbA1C>6.5% was found between the group with anti GAD> 1.05U/mLand the one with anti GAD< 1.00U/mLand also betweenthe group of ICA > 1.25 U/mL and ICA < 1.25 U/mL. Key words: autoantibody anti glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet cell autoantibodies, diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of HSP90α and Related Markers in Lung Cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Yuan ◽  
Songlin Hong ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Lin He ◽  
Peng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Abstract Aim: To prove the expression of heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) in lung cancer and the clinical value of HSP90α and related markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods: The concentrations of HSP90α and related markers were detected in the blood of 560 lung cancer patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for analyzing the statistical differences of HSP90α in patients' age, gender, pathological types, tumour staging and metastasis status, as well as the differences and evaluate the value of HSP90α and related markers in lung cancer diagnosis. Results: The results showed no statistical difference in HSP90α among age and gender groups (P>0.05); In the group by lung cancer type, statistical differences were found in the HSP90α level between the small cell lung cancer (SCLC) group and the squamous carcinoma (SLC) group (P<0.05); In the group by staging, the HSP90α level of high staging was significantly higher than that low staging, and the HSP90α level at Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ shows statistical differences among the groups (P<0.05); The test result of HSP90α was higher in the metastatic group than in the non-metastatic group significantly, and the significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The r value of the HSP90α and related markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer: NSE>CEA>ProGRP>CF211 (P<0.05). Although HSP90α and related markers didn’t fit the satisfactory conformance, in terms of the positive rate of diagnosis, it were statistically differences in the diagnostic positive rate between HSP90α and each marker (P<0.01). Reducing HSP90α clinical references in lung cancer combined diagnosis can effectively improve the positive rate of the combined diagnosis. Conclusion: HSP90α has significant value on early screening and diagnosis of lung cancer. The combined application of HSP90α and related markers can improve the positive rate of early diagnosis of lung cancer effectively.

Immunologic Response to Early and Routine DTP Immunization in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Baraff ◽  
Rosemary D. Leake ◽  
Don G. Burstyn ◽  
Terrance Payne ◽  
Christopher L. Cody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunologic Response ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Immunization Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers

The effect of early immunization, prior to discharge from the newborn nursery, on subsequent immunity as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunoglobulion (Ig) M and IgG antibody titers to filamentous hemagglutinin and lymphocytosis-promoting toxin (LPT) of Bordetella pertussis and by standard pertussis agglutinin titers was investigated. Eighteen infants received routine diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunization at 2, 4,and 6 months of age; 17 other infants received routine immunization and an additional DTP immunization in the newborn nursery. Antibody was determined on samples of cord blood and whole blood obtained at 4,6, and 9 months of age. IgM anti-filamentus hemagglutinin was significantly higher at 4 and 6 months of age in the group that received early immunization (P &lt; .05). There was no significant difference in IgM anti-LPT, IgG anti-filamentus hemagglutinin, IgG anti-LPT, or pertussis agglutinin antibodies Six control infants had high cord IgG anti-LPT titers. These six infants had significantly lower antibody titers to LPT at 6 and 9 months of age when compared with control with control infants with lower cord titers. Thirteen infants in the early immunization group with lower cord IgG anti-LPT titers achieved significantly lower titers at 9 months of age than the 12 comparable infants in the control group.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of HSP90α and Related Markers in Lung Cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Yuan ◽  
Songlin Hong ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Lin He ◽  
Peng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Abstract Aim: To prove the expression of heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) in lung cancer and the clinical value of HSP90α and related markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods: The concentrations of HSP90α and related markers were detected in the blood of 560 lung cancer patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for analyzing the statistical differences of HSP90α in patients' age, gender, pathological types, tumour staging and metastasis status, as well as the differences and evaluate the value of HSP90α and related markers in lung cancer diagnosis. Results: The results showed no statistical difference in HSP90α among age and gender groups (P>0.05); In the group by lung cancer type, statistical differences were found in the HSP90α level between the small cell lung cancer (SCLC) group and the squamous carcinoma (SLC) group (P<0.05); In the group by staging, the HSP90α level of high staging was significantly higher than that low staging, and the HSP90α level at Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ shows statistical differences among the groups (P<0.05); The test result of HSP90α was higher in the metastatic group than in the non-metastatic group significantly, and the significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The r value of the HSP90α and related markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer: NSE>CEA>ProGRP>CF211 (P<0.05). Although HSP90α and related markers didn’t fit the satisfactory conformance, in terms of the positive rate of diagnosis, it were statistically differences in the diagnostic positive rate between HSP90α and each marker (P<0.01). Reducing HSP90α clinical references in lung cancer combined diagnosis can effectively improve the positive rate of the combined diagnosis. Conclusion: HSP90α has significant value on early screening and diagnosis of lung cancer. The combined application of HSP90α and related markers can improve the positive rate of early diagnosis of lung cancer effectively.

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