scholarly journals Fos Facilitates Gallid Alpha-Herpesvirus 1 Infection by Transcriptional Control of Host Metabolic Genes and Viral Immediate Early Gene

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Zhitao Wang ◽  
Yangyang Qiao ◽  
Zhijie Chen ◽  
Yumeng Liang ◽  
Lu Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Genome Replication ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
Virion Production ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

Gallid alpha-herpesvirus 1, also known as avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), continues to cause huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Similar to that of other herpesvirus-encoded proteins, the expression of viral genes encoded by ILTV is regulated by a cascade, and the underlying regulatory mechanism remains largely unclear. The viral immediate-early (IE) gene ICP4 plays a prominent role in the initiation of the transcription of early and late genes during ILTV replication. In this study, we identified AP-1 as the key regulator of the transcription of ILTV genes by bioinformatics analysis of genome-wide transcriptome data. Subsequent functional studies of the key members of the AP-1 family revealed that Fos, but not Jun, regulates ILTV infection through AP-1 since knockdown of Fos, but not Jun, by gene silencing significantly reduced ICP4 transcription and subsequent viral genome replication and virion production. Using several approaches, we identified ICP4 as a bona fide target gene of Fos that regulated Fos and has Fos response elements within its promoter. Neither the physical binding of Jun to the promoter of ICP4 nor the transcriptional activity of Jun was observed. In addition, knockdown of Fos reduced the transcription of MDH1 and ATP5A1, genes encoding two host rate-limiting enzymes essential for the production of the TCA intermediates OAA and ATP. The biological significance of the transcriptional regulation of MDH1 and ATP5A1 by Fos in ILTV infection was supported by the fact that anaplerosis of OAA and ATP rescued both ICP4 transcription and virion production in infected cells under when Fos was silenced. Our study identified the transcription factor Fos as a key regulator of ILTV infection through its transcription factor function on both the virus and host sides, improving the current understanding of both avian herpesvirus–host interactions and the roles of AP-1 in viral infection.

Transcriptional Control of the Equine Herpesvirus 1 Immediate Early Gene

Virology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 788-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill B. Lewis ◽  
Yeini G. Thompson ◽  
Gretchen B. Caughman
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Immediate Early Gene ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

scholarly journals LINC00473 as an Immediate Early Gene under the Control of the EGR1 Transcription Factor

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Vincenza Aliperti ◽  
Emilia Vitale ◽  
Francesco Aniello ◽  
Aldo Donizetti
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Immediate Early Genes ◽  
Immediate Early Gene ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Early Genes ◽  
Regulatory Cascade ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Immediate early genes play an essential role in cellular responses to different stimuli. Many of them are transcription factors that regulate the secondary response gene expression. Non-coding RNAs may also be involved in this regulatory cascade. In fact, they are emerging as key actors of gene expression regulation, and evidence suggests that their dysregulation may underly pathological states. We previously took a snapshot of both coding and long non-coding RNAs differentially expressed in neuronal cells after brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulation. Among these, the transcription factor EGR1 (a well-known immediate early gene) and LINC00473 (a primate-specific long non-coding RNA) that has emerged as an interesting RNA candidate involved in neuronal function and in cancer. In this work, we demonstrated that LINC00473 gene expression kinetics resembled that of immediate early genes in SH-SY5Y and HEK293T cells under different cell stimulation conditions. Moreover, we showed that the expression of LINC00473 is under the control of the transcription factor EGR1, providing evidence for an interesting functional relationship in neuron function.

scholarly journals Repression of a herpes simplex virus immediate-early promoter by the Oct-2 transcription factor is dependent on an inhibitory region at the N terminus of the protein

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 7633-7642
Author(s):  
K A Lillycrop ◽  
S J Dawson ◽  
J K Estridge ◽  
T Gerster ◽  
P Matthias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
Simplex Virus

The B-cell form of the Oct-2 transcription factor Oct 2.1 can activate the herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene 3 (IE3) promoter, whereas the neuronally expressed Oct 2.4 and 2.5 forms of the protein, which contain a different C terminus, can repress this promoter. Here we show that partial or full deletion of the C terminus of Oct 2.1 in the presence of an intact N terminus results in a protein which can strongly repress the IE3 promoter. In contrast, deletion of the entire N terminus or a short region within it leaving the C terminus intact results in a very strong activator. Deletion of both N and C termini leaving only the isolated POU domain generates only a very weak repressor. The N-terminal region defined in this way can repress a heterologous promoter when linked to the DNA-binding domain of the GAL4 factor, indicating that it can function as an independent inhibitory domain. These results indicate that a specific region within the N terminus common to Oct 2.1, 2.4, and 2.5 plays a critical role in the ability of neuronally expressed forms of Oct-2 to repress the IE3 promoter but can do so only when the C-terminal region of Oct 2.1 is altered or deleted.

scholarly journals Repression of a herpes simplex virus immediate-early promoter by the Oct-2 transcription factor is dependent on an inhibitory region at the N terminus of the protein.

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 7633-7642 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Lillycrop ◽  
S J Dawson ◽  
J K Estridge ◽  
T Gerster ◽  
P Matthias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
Simplex Virus

The B-cell form of the Oct-2 transcription factor Oct 2.1 can activate the herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene 3 (IE3) promoter, whereas the neuronally expressed Oct 2.4 and 2.5 forms of the protein, which contain a different C terminus, can repress this promoter. Here we show that partial or full deletion of the C terminus of Oct 2.1 in the presence of an intact N terminus results in a protein which can strongly repress the IE3 promoter. In contrast, deletion of the entire N terminus or a short region within it leaving the C terminus intact results in a very strong activator. Deletion of both N and C termini leaving only the isolated POU domain generates only a very weak repressor. The N-terminal region defined in this way can repress a heterologous promoter when linked to the DNA-binding domain of the GAL4 factor, indicating that it can function as an independent inhibitory domain. These results indicate that a specific region within the N terminus common to Oct 2.1, 2.4, and 2.5 plays a critical role in the ability of neuronally expressed forms of Oct-2 to repress the IE3 promoter but can do so only when the C-terminal region of Oct 2.1 is altered or deleted.

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