scholarly journals Management and Treatment of Hepatitis C: Are There Still Unsolved Problems and Unique Populations?

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048
Author(s):  
Virginia Solitano ◽  
Maria Corina Plaz Torres ◽  
Nicola Pugliese ◽  
Alessio Aghemo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Direct Acting

Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) have revolutionized the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, possibly leading to HCV elimination by 2030 as endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, some patients belonging to the so-called unique or special populations are referred to as difficult-to-treat due to unreached sustained virological response, potential drug side effects or interactions or co-morbidities. Several years after the DAA introduction and on the basis of excellent findings in terms of efficacy and safety, some doubts arise around the exact meaning of the special population designation and whether this group of patients actually exists. The aim of this review is to discuss and analyze current evidence on the management and treatment of the so-called “unique populations”. We placed particular emphasis on patients with decompensated cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), coinfections, rare genotypes, and previous treatment failure, in order to provide physicians with an updated overview of the actual problems and needs in the current scenario.

scholarly journals Candidates for treatment of COVID-19: current scenario and way forwards

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3273
Author(s):  
M. Abu Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Health Organization

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread across the globe resulting in a pandemic affecting 215 countries. At the time of this review, COVID-19 has been diagnosed in more than 15,000,000 patients and associated with over 1,00,000 deaths globally (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization). In this review, we herein summarize the current evidence as on May 15, 2020 to provide guidance on potentially beneficial drugs in COVID-19 treatment or prophylaxis, their scientific rationale and their clinical efficacy and safety. New data continue to emerge daily regarding clinical characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes for COVID-19. Optimized supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy, and the clinical efficacy for many potential therapeutic agents is still under investigation.

scholarly journals Candidates for Treatment of Novel Corona virus disease, COVID-19: Current Scenario and Way Forwards

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Abu Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Health Organization

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread across the globe resulting in a pandemic affecting 215 countries. At the time of this review, COVID-19 has been diagnosed in more than 15,000,000 patients and associated with over 1,00,000 deaths globally (Canters for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization). In this review, we herein summarize the current evidence as on June 15, 2020 to provide guidance on potential drugs for COVID-19 treatment or prophylaxis, their scientific rationale and their clinical efficacy and safety. New data continue to emerges daily regarding clinical characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes for COVID-19. Optimized supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy, and the clinical efficacy for the potential therapeutic agents is still under investigation.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C: A Pharmacological Therapeutic Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1568
Author(s):  
Sonia Santander Ballestín ◽  
David Gómez Martín ◽  
Sara Lorente Pérez ◽  
María José Luesma Bartolomé
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
World Health ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Phase Ii Studies ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Direct Acting

(1) Background: Hepatitis C is a high-prevalence disease, representing a global impact health problem. Lately, many changes have been made in treatment guidelines because of the commercialization of second-generation direct-acting antivirals due to their high effectiveness, few side effects and pangenotypic action. We address the pharmacological possibilities available and compare them with the current recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). (2) Methods: The search for articles was made through the PubMed database using different search strategies and we consulted technical data sheets of the treatments that have been included in the study. (3) Results: Combinations of “glecaprevir/pibrentasvir”, “sofosbuvir/velpatasvir” and “sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir” have been recently incorporated. Phase II studies have shown that they are safe and effective therapies with very comfortable posologies and easy therapeutic adherence; furthermore, they suppose shorter treatment duration. Subsequently, phase III studies have shown they were effective for previously treated or compensated cirrhotic patients that previously had more complex treatment regimens. (4) Conclusions: These results suppose a simplification in Hepatitis C therapeutic approach, and open new study possibilities.

scholarly journals The Netherlands Is on Track to Meet the World Health Organization Hepatitis C Elimination Targets by 2030

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4562
Author(s):  
Marleen van Dijk ◽  
Sylvia M. Brakenhoff ◽  
Cas J. Isfordink ◽  
Wei-Han Cheng ◽  
Hans Blokzijl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
World Health ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The Netherlands strives for hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination, in accordance with the World Health Organization targets. An accurate estimate when HCV elimination will be reached is elusive. We have embarked on a nationwide HCV elimination project (CELINE) that allowed us to harvest detailed data on the Dutch HCV epidemic. This study aims to provide a well-supported timeline towards HCV elimination in The Netherlands. Methods: A previously published Markov model was used, adopting published data and unpublished CELINE project data. Two main scenarios were devised. In the Status Quo scenario, 2020 diagnosis and treatment levels remained constant in subsequent years. In the Gradual Decline scenario, an annual decrease of 10% in both diagnoses and treatments was implemented, starting in 2020. WHO incidence target was disregarded, due to low HCV incidence in The Netherlands (≤5 per 100,000). Results: Following the Status Quo and Gradual Decline scenarios, The Netherlands would meet WHO’s elimination targets by 2027 and 2032, respectively. From 2015 to 2030, liver-related mortality would be reduced by 97% in the Status Quo and 93% in the Gradual Decline scenario. Compared to the Status Quo scenario, the Gradual Decline scenario would result in 12 excess cases of decompensated cirrhosis, 18 excess cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, and 20 excess cases of liver-related death from 2020–2030. Conclusions: The Netherlands is on track to reach HCV elimination by 2030. However, it is vital that HCV elimination remains high on the agenda to ensure adequate numbers of patients are being diagnosed and treated.

scholarly journals "Sell an Ox" - The Price of Cure for Hepatitis C in Two Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ora Paltiel ◽  
Workagegnehu Hailu ◽  
Zenahebezu Abay ◽  
Avram Mark Clarfield ◽  
Martin McKee
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Household Assets ◽  
Severe Liver Disease ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
New Treatments

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, associated with severe liver disease and cancer, affects 70 million people worldwide. New treatments with direct-acting-antivirals offer cure for about 95% of affected individuals; however, treatment costs may be prohibitive in both the poorest and richest nations. Opting for cure may require sacrificing essential household assets. We highlight the financial dilemmas involved, drawing parallels between Ethiopia and the United States, countries where universal health coverage does not yet exist. The World Health Organization (WHO) declaration for HCV eradication by 2030 will only become reality if universal access to efficacious and affordable treatment is guaranteed for everyone.

scholarly journals A hepatitis C-vírus (HCV) három évtizede a felfedezéstől a globális elimináció lehetőségéig: a transzlációs kutatás sikere

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (12) ◽  
pp. 455-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alajos Pár ◽  
Gabriella Pár
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
World Health ◽  
Direct Acting Antivirals ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

Abstract: More than 25 years after the discovery of hepatitis C virus, the development of the direct acting antivirals can lead to the regional or long-term global elimination of the virus with over 90% efficacy. This is the success of basic and clinical translational research. Yet, some unsolved challanges remain, such as the great number of unidentified patients who are not aware of their condition, the limited access to the therapy due to the high prices of the drugs, and the treatment of resistance-associated variants. In addition, the lack of vaccine is also an obstacle. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the first global health sector strategy for the elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030. Its evidence-based guidelines are primarily targeted at the national hepatitis programme managers who are responsible for the national testing and treatment plans. According to these recommendations, it is of basic importance to perform focused risk-based testing in higher-risk populations and after diagnosis to start treatment as “cure as prevention”, furthermore, to limit the risk of reinfection. We review the events of the HCV story from the discovery to these days, including virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(12): 455–465.

scholarly journals Simplification of Care for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 392-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Pawlotsky ◽  
Christian B. Ramers ◽  
John F. Dillon ◽  
Jordan J. Feld ◽  
Jeffrey V. Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Hcv Screening ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Direct Acting

AbstractIn 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) set a target for eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030. However, while today's highly effective and well-tolerated pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral regimens have maximized simplification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, there remain a plethora of barriers to HCV screening, diagnosis, and linkage to care. As of 2017, only 19% of the estimated 71 million individuals living with chronic HCV worldwide were diagnosed and in 2015 to 2016, only 21% of diagnosed individuals had accessed treatment. Simplification and decentralization of the HCV care cascade would bolster patient engagement and support the considerable scale-up needed to achieve WHO targets. Recent developments in HCV screening and diagnosis, together with reduced pretreatment assessment and on-treatment monitoring requirements, can further streamline the care continuum, ensuring patients are linked to care quickly and earlier in the disease course, and minimize clinic visits.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Disorder and Hepatitis C Prevention and Care in People Who Inject Drugs: The State of Play

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Marcellin ◽  
Antoine Jaquet ◽  
Jeffrey V. Lazarus ◽  
Patricia Molina ◽  
Patrizia Carrieri
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Cascade Of Care ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Direct Acting

AbstractSafe and effective treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has ushered in an era in which hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination, as set out by the World Health Organization, is possible. However, alcohol use disorder (AUD) has the potential to reduce the benefits of prevention interventions and reduce access to and continuity of HCV care in at-risk populations, such as people who inject drugs (PWID). We review the literature on the consequences of AUD on the effectiveness of HCV prevention and the cascade of care in PWID and provide recommendations for future research in the field of alcohol use and HCV.

Long-Term Impact of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agent Therapy in HCV Cirrhosis: Critical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 341-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha R. Fehily ◽  
Tim Papaluca ◽  
Alexander J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Direct Acting

AbstractMore than 70 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. Chronic hepatitis C is associated with progressive liver fibrosis, which can result in cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV-related liver disease has been the most common indication for liver transplantation in the past decade. The development of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) that are simple, well-tolerated, and highly effective means that most people living with hepatitis C can now be cured, leading the World Health Organization to set targets for reduction in deaths due to viral hepatitis by 2030. In this review, the authors will consider the emerging data showing that curative therapy with DAAs can prevent HCV-related morbidity and mortality, with a focus on patients with HCV-related cirrhosis.

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