scholarly journals Surveillance for Enteroviruses Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease, and Other Mucocutaneous Symptoms in Spain, 2006–2020

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Nieves Martínez-López ◽  
Carmen Muñoz-Almagro ◽  
Cristian Launes ◽  
Ana Navascués ◽  
Manuel Imaz-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Mucocutaneous Symptoms

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a mild illness caused by enteroviruses (EV), although in some Asian countries, large outbreaks have been reported in the last 25 years, with a considerable incidence of neurological complications. This study describes epidemiological and clinical characteristics of EV infections involved in HFMD and other mucocutaneous symptoms from 2006 to 2020 in Spain. EV-positive samples from 368 patients were included. EV species A were identified in 85.1% of those typed EV. Coxsackievirus (CV) A6 was the prevalent serotype (60.9%), followed by EV-A71 (9.9%) and CVA16 (7.7%). Infections affected children (1–6 years old) mainly, and show seasonality with peaks in spring–summer and autumn. Clinical data indicated few cases of atypical HFMD as well as those with neurological complications (associated with the 2016 EV-A71 outbreak). Phylogenetic analysis of CVA6 VP1 sequences showed different sub-clusters circulating from 2010 to present. In conclusion, HFMD or exanthemas case reporting has increased in Spain in recent years, probably associated with an increase in circulation of CVA6, although they did not seem to show greater severity. However, EV surveillance in mucocutaneous manifestations should be improved to identify the emergence of new types or variants causing outbreaks and more severe pathologies.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Enteroviruses-Associated Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and Herpangina Outbreak in Zunyi, China, 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhang Ai ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Jingzhi Zhang ◽  
Meijing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Vp1 Gene ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina (HA), two of the most common childhood infectious diseases, are associated with enteroviruses (EVs) infection. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular epidemiology of enterovirus causing HFMD/HA in Zunyi, China, during 2019, and to describe the clinical features of the cases.Methods: We collected the information on demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory data of laboratory-confirmed EVs associated HFMD/HA cases in Zunyi Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital between March 1 and July 31, 2019. EV types were determined by either one-step real time RT-PCR or partial VP1 gene sequencing and sequence alignment. Phylogenetic analysis of CVA6, CVA2, and CVA5 were established based on the partial VP1 gene sequences by neighbor-joining method. Differences in clinical characteristics and laboratory results of the cases were compared among patients infected with the most prevalent EV types.Results: From 1 March to 31 July 2019, 1,377 EVs associated HFMD/HA inpatients were confirmed. Of them, 4 (0.3%, 4/1,377) were EV-A71-associated cases, 84 (6.1%, 84/1,377) were CVA16-associated cases, and 1,289 (93.6%, 1,289/1,377) were non-EV-A71/CVA16-associated cases. Of the randomly selected 372 non-EV-A71/CVA16 cases, EV types have been successfully determined in 273 cases including 166 HFMD and 107 HA cases. For HFMD cases, the three most common types were CVA6 (80.7%, 134/166), CVA2 (5.4%, 9/166) and CVA5 (3.0%, 5/166); similarly, for HA cases, the three most prevalent serotypes were CVA6 (36.5%, 39/107), CVA2 (21.5%, 23/107) and CVA5 (18.7%, 20/107). Phylogenetic analysis showed that subclade D of CVA5, and subclade E of CVA6 and CVA2 were predominant in Zunyi during the outbreak in 2019. Compared with the cases caused by CVA16, the incidence of high fever and severe infection associated with CVA2, CVA5, and CVA6 was higher.Conclusions: The recent HFMD/HA outbreak in Zunyi is due to a larger incidence of CVA6, CVA2, and CVA5. Novel diagnostic reagents and vaccines against these types would be important to monitor and control EV infections.

Phylogenetic analysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus type O circulating in the Andean region of South America during 2002–2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Malirat ◽  
Ingrid Evelyn Bergmann ◽  
Renata de Mendonça Campos ◽  
Gustavo Salgado ◽  
Camilo Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Disease Virus Type

Phylogenetic analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus type O re-emerging in free areas of South America

2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Malirat ◽  
José Júnior França de Barros ◽  
Ingrid Evelyn Bergmann ◽  
Renata de Mendonça Campos ◽  
Erika Neitzert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Disease Virus Type

scholarly journals Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural 3A and 3B protein-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype A Iran 05

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Saber Jelokhani-Niaraki ◽  
Majid Esmaelizad ◽  
Morteza Daliri ◽  
Rasoul Vaez-Torshizi ◽  
Morteza Kamalzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Virus Subtype

Clinical features and phylogenetic analysis of severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease caused by Coxsackievirus A6

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 104054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Yang ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Changbin Zhang ◽  
Wenli Zhan ◽  
Jia Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Coxsackievirus A6 ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals RSAD2 and AIM2 Modulate Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus A71 Replication in Neuronal Cells in Different Ways That May Be Associated with Their 5′ Nontranslated Regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thinesshwary Yogarajah ◽  
Kien Chai Ong ◽  
David Perera ◽  
Kum Thong Wong
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Coxsackievirus A16 ◽  
Enterovirus A71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACT Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) are closely related enteroviruses that cause the same hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), but neurological complications occur only very rarely in CV-A16 compared to EV-A71 infections. To elucidate host responses that may be able to explain these differences, we performed transcriptomic analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in CV-A16-infected neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH), and the results showed that the radical S -adenosylmethionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2) was the highest upregulated gene in the antimicrobial pathway. Increased RSAD2 expression was correlated with reduced viral replication, while RSAD2 knockdown cells were correlated with increased replication. EV-A71 replication showed no apparent correlation to RSAD2 expressions. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), which is associated with pyroptotic cell death, was upregulated in EV-A71-infected neurons but not in CV-A16 infection, suggesting that the AIM2 inflammasome played a significant role in suppressing EV-A71 replication. Chimeric viruses derived from CV-A16 and EV-A71 but containing swapped 5′ nontranslated regions (5′ NTRs) showed that RSAD2 expression/viral replication and AIM2 expression/viral replication patterns may be linked to the 5′ NTRs of parental viruses. Differences in secondary structure of internal ribosomal entry sites within the 5′ NTR may be responsible for these findings. Overall, our results suggest that CV-A16 and EV-A71 elicit different host responses to infection, which may help explain the apparent lower incidence of CV-A16-associated neurovirulence in HFMD outbreaks compared to EV-A71 infection. IMPORTANCE Although coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and enterovirus A17 (EV-A71) both cause hand, foot, and mouth disease, EV-A71 has emerged as a leading cause of nonpolio, enteroviral fatal encephalomyelitis among young children. The significance of our research is in the identification of the possible differing and novel mechanisms of CV-A16 and EV-A71 inhibition in neuronal cells that may impact viral neuropathogenesis. We further showed that viral 5′ NTRs may play significant roles in eliciting different host response mechanisms.

Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of foot and mouth disease virus type ‘O’ and evaluation of its carrier state in cattle of Assam by Real time PCR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Baro ◽  
Krishna Sharma ◽  
Biswajyoti Sharma ◽  
Shantanu Tamuly ◽  
P. Deka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

The molecular epidemiological study of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has been carried out from different outbreaks in Assam the present study is based on the nucleotide sequencingof circulating FMDV serotype. The samples were subjected to sandwich ELISA, multiplex-PCR and molecular phylogeny to identify the type species. The phylogenetic analysis of virus sequence revealed similarity with theBangladesh isolates in the major branching pattern. The serotype ‘O’has found to be dominant and responsible for most of the recentoutbreaks.Thepersistence of serotype ‘O’ and cytokines expression of IL-1á, IL-1â, IFN-á, TNF-á in blood of recovered animals were done by Real time PCR. The findings indicated that IL-1á, IFN-á and TNF-á genes were up-regulated upto 3 months post infection but IL-1â found to be down regulated with progression of recovery. The present study thus supports that real-time PCR is a powerful technique for reliable detection of persistent FMDV in recovered animals.

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