scholarly journals Antibody Responses in Cats Following Primary and Annual Vaccination against Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) with an Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® FIV)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Mark Westman ◽  
Dennis Yang ◽  
Jennifer Green ◽  
Jacqueline Norris ◽  
Richard Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Primary Antibody Response ◽  
Residual Blood

Although the antibody response induced by primary vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® FIV (three doses, 2–4 weeks apart) is well described, the antibody response induced by annual vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® FIV (single dose every 12 months after primary vaccination) and how it compares to the primary antibody response has not been studied. Residual blood samples from a primary FIV vaccination study (n = 11), and blood samples from cats given an annual FIV vaccination (n = 10), were utilized. Samples from all 21 cats were tested with a commercially available PCR assay (FIV RealPCRTM), an anti-p24 microsphere immunoassay (MIA), an anti-FIV transmembrane (TM; gp40) peptide ELISA, and a range of commercially available point-of-care (PoC) FIV antibody kits. PCR testing confirmed all 21 cats to be FIV-uninfected for the duration of this study. Results from MIA and ELISA testing showed that both vaccination regimes induced significant antibody responses against p24 and gp40, and both anti-p24 and anti-gp40 antibodies were variably present 12 months after FIV vaccination. The magnitude of the antibody response against both p24 and gp40 was significantly higher in the primary FIV vaccination group than in the annual FIV vaccination group. The differences in prime versus recall post-vaccinal antibody levels correlated with FIV PoC kit performance. Two FIV PoC kits that detect antibodies against gp40, namely Witness® and Anigen Rapid®, showed 100% specificity in cats recently administered an annual FIV vaccination, demonstrating that they can be used to accurately distinguish vaccination and infection in annually vaccinated cats. A third FIV PoC kit, SNAP® Combo, had 0% specificity in annually FIV-vaccinated cats, and should not be used in any cat with a possible history of FIV vaccination. This study outlines the antibody response to inactivated Fel-O-Vax® FIV whole-virus vaccine, and demonstrates how best to diagnose FIV infection in jurisdictions where FIV vaccination is practiced.

scholarly journals Antibody response and viraemia during the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijun Chen ◽  
Zuyuan Xu ◽  
Jingsong Mu ◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
Haixue Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Convalescent Phase ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

To understand the time-course of viraemia and antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), RT-PCR and ELISA were used to assay 376 blood samples from 135 SARS patients at various stages of the illness, including samples from patients who were in their early convalescent phase. The results showed that IgM antibodies decreased and became undetectable 11 weeks into the recovery phase. IgG antibodies, however, remained detectable for a period beyond 11 weeks and were found in 100 % of patients in the early convalescent phase. SARS-CoV viraemia mainly appeared 1 week after the onset of illness and then decreased over a period of 1 month, becoming undetectable in the blood samples of the convalescent patients. At the peak of viraemia, viral RNA was detectable in 75 % of blood samples from patients who were clinically diagnosed with SARS 1 or 2 weeks before the test.

Primary Antibody Responses Against the Novel Pandemic H1N1 and Secondary Antibody Responses Against Seasonal H1N1 Can Be Induced by Vaccination In Patients Early After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 1273-1273
Author(s):  
Roselke E Klinkenberg ◽  
Marieke Griffioen ◽  
Edith D van der Meijden ◽  
Erik W.A. Marijt ◽  
J.H. Frederik Falkenburg
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Primary Antibody ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Primary Antibody Response ◽  
Seasonal Flu ◽  
Pandemic Flu

Abstract Abstract 1273 Pandemic influenza (Flu) 2009 and Seasonal Flu are considered a potential health risk for patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). However, in a cohort of 137 patients transplanted between October 2006 and December 2009, only 3 patients (2.3%) developed a PCR proven Pandemic Flu infection, and only 1 patient died from multiple super-infections. Moreover, during the Flu season 2009, 5/93 patients (5.3%) transplanted between October 2005 and December 2008 developed a PCR proven Influenza infection and none of them died. These numbers suggest that alloSCT patients were relatively protected against Seasonal and even Pandemic Flu, probably due to earlier Flu antigen exposure. Therefore, we hypothesized that, despite immune impairment after alloSCT, most patients developed secondary and primary antibody responses against Seasonal Flu and neo-antigen containing Pandemic Flu vaccination. To test this hypothesis we measured IgG antibody levels against common Seasonal hemagglutinin (HA), neo-antigens in Pandemic HA and highly conserved cross-reactive re-call antigens shared by Pandemic HA and Seasonal HA in 56 alloSCT patients after vaccination with Seasonal Flu 2009–2010 and Pandemic Flu 2009. To accurately measure antibodies against these antigens, a novel Luminex multiplex bead assay was developed. Recombinant CMV pp65 control protein, native recombinant Seasonal HA (A/Brisbane/59/2007) and Pandemic HA (A/Calefornia/7/2009) were coupled to different Luminex beads which were incubated with plasma samples. To distinguish antibodies against neo-antigenic parts and conserved re-call antigens of Pandemic HA, samples were pre-incubated with or without 0.75 μg HA (A/Brisbane/59/2007) to absorb cross-reacting antibodies against shared parts of Seasonal and Pandemic HA. Finally, samples were stained with PE- labeled Goat α-human IgG and analyzed with a Luminex analyzer. To validate the Luminex bead assay, pp65, Seasonal HA and Pandemic HA positive and negative serum samples were measured with and without pre-incubation with the corresponding protein. In addition, a hemagglutination inhibition assay was performed with Pandemic H1N1 which showed a good correlation with the Luminex assay (r=0.87). Furthermore, specificity of the assay was confirmed by absence of pp65 antibodies in 17 CMV negative patients, whereas in 33/39 (85%) of CMV positive patients antibodies against the immunodominant pp65 protein were detected. To control for vaccination efficacy, 11 healthy donors were vaccinated with Seasonal Flu 2009–2010 followed by 2 Pandemic Flu vaccinations 3 and 6 weeks later. Plasma samples were taken before vaccination, 4 and 12 weeks after Seasonal Flu, and 1 and 8 weeks after Pandemic Flu vaccination. Prior to vaccination all donors had antibodies against Seasonal HA and conserved re-call Pandemic HA, reflecting their previous vaccination with Seasonal Flu 2008–2009. All donors developed secondary antibody responses against Seasonal HA. Highly specific Pandemic HA specific antibodies were present in 1 donor before and 10/11 donors after Pandemic Flu vaccination, indicating that 9/11 donors developed a primary antibody response to neo-antigenic Pandemic HA. To investigate primary and secondary responses after Seasonal and Pandemic Flu vaccination in alloSCT patients, 56 patients followed a similar vaccination and plasma donation scheme. 86% had antibodies against Seasonal HA and 76% against conserved Pandemic HA pre vaccination, probably induced by vaccinations before 2009. 55% developed a secondary antibody response against Seasonal HA 4 –12 weeks post vaccination. Only 5% had neo-antigenic Pandemic HA antibodies prior to vaccination. Excitingly, 57% developed a primary antibody response against neo-antigenic Pandemic HA 8 weeks after Pandemic Flu vaccination. Overall, patients received vaccinations at a median of 443 (range 90–1240) days after alloSCT. Patients vaccinated 90–300, 301–600 and >600 days after alloSCT developed primary antibody responses against neo-antigenic Pandemic HA in 41%, 47% and 80% of the cases, respectively. In conclusion, this detailed analysis of primary and secondary antibody responses against re-call and neo-antigens after Seasonal and 2009 Pandemic HA may explain the low incidence of Flu infections in patients after alloSCT and provides rational arguments to start Flu vaccination from 3 months after alloSCT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Physiological and supraphysiological supplements of triiodothyronine do not influence the primary in vitro antibody response to trinitrophenylated Brucella abortus by spleen cells in serum-containing media

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Filteau ◽  
Bill Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Accessory Cells ◽  
Primary Antibody Response

Abstract. T3 supplements enhance splenic primary thymus-independent antibody responses in the mouse in vivo. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether this effect may be mediated, in part, by direct influences on the lymphocytes and/or accessory cells involved in the response. A range of T3 levels (3 × 10−10 to 10−5 mol/l) was tested in microcultures of separated spleen cells from CBA/J mice 33 days of age. The immune reaction examined in vitro was the primary antibody response to trinitrophenylated Brucella abortus (TNP-BA). T3 was without influence, throughout the concentration range tested, on the number of anti-TNP plasma cells generated per culture. This result was obtained using splenocytes either from well-nourished or from malnourished mice, and using both optimal and suboptimal numbers of TNP-BA. On the basis of the present results and a reinterpretation of previous published work, it is concluded that the influence of T3 supplements on splenic antibody responses in vivo is mediated indirectly. Direct influences of T3 on the T-independent antibody response, if such occur, must be maximized by subphysiological levels of the hormone.

scholarly journals Near-Patient Test for C-Reactive Protein in General Practice: Assessment of Clinical, Organizational, and Economic Outcomes

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Steen Dahler-Eriksen ◽  
Torsten Lauritzen ◽  
Jens Flensted Lassen ◽  
Erik D Lund ◽  
Ivan Brandslund
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Telephone Consultation ◽  
Hospital Laboratory ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background: The benefits of near-patient, point-of-care tests have not been fully examined. We have assessed the clinical, organizational, and economic outcomes of implementing a near-patient test for C-reactive protein (CRP) in general practice. Methods: In a randomized crossover trial during intervention periods, general practitioners (GPs) were allowed to measure CRP within 3 min, using NycoCard® CRP. During control periods, they had to mail blood samples for CRP measurements to the hospital laboratory and received test results 24–48 h later. Twenty-nine general practice clinics participated (64 GPs), and 1853 patients were included in the study. Results were evaluated at both the level of participating GPs and the level of included patients. Results: For participating GPs, the overall use of erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESRs) decreased by 8% (95% confidence interval, 1–14%) during intervention periods, and the number of blood samples mailed to the hospital laboratory decreased by 6% (1–10%). No reduction in the prescription of antibiotics was seen. The proportion of study patients having a follow-up telephone consultation was reduced from 63% to 53% (P = 0.0001), and patients with CRP concentrations >50 mg/L had their antibiotic treatments started earlier when CRP was measured in general practices (P = 0.0161). Conclusion: The implementation of the near-patient CRP test was cost-effective mainly on the basis of a reduction in the use of services from the hospital laboratory by GPs. If the implementation is followed by education and clinical guidelines, opportunities exist for additional reduction in the use of ESR and for a more appropriate use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals From Multiplex Serology to Serolomics—A Novel Approach to the Antibody Response against the SARS-CoV-2 Proteome

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Julia Butt ◽  
Rajagopal Murugan ◽  
Theresa Hippchen ◽  
Sylvia Olberg ◽  
Monique van Straaten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Population ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Assay Performance ◽  
Multiplex Serology

The emerging SARS-CoV-2 pandemic entails an urgent need for specific and sensitive high-throughput serological assays to assess SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology. We, therefore, aimed at developing a fluorescent-bead based SARS-CoV-2 multiplex serology assay for detection of antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 proteome. Proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome and protein N of SARS-CoV-1 and common cold Coronaviruses (ccCoVs) were recombinantly expressed in E. coli or HEK293 cells. Assay performance was assessed in a COVID-19 case cohort (n = 48 hospitalized patients from Heidelberg) as well as n = 85 age- and sex-matched pre-pandemic controls from the ESTHER study. Assay validation included comparison with home-made immunofluorescence and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. A sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 86–100%) was achieved in COVID-19 patients 14 days post symptom onset with dual sero-positivity to SARS-CoV-2 N and the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein. The specificity obtained with this algorithm was 100% (95% CI: 96–100%). Antibody responses to ccCoVs N were abundantly high and did not correlate with those to SARS-CoV-2 N. Inclusion of additional SARS-CoV-2 proteins as well as separate assessment of immunoglobulin (Ig) classes M, A, and G allowed for explorative analyses regarding disease progression and course of antibody response. This newly developed SARS-CoV-2 multiplex serology assay achieved high sensitivity and specificity to determine SARS-CoV-2 sero-positivity. Its high throughput ability allows epidemiologic SARS-CoV-2 research in large population-based studies. Inclusion of additional pathogens into the panel as well as separate assessment of Ig isotypes will furthermore allow addressing research questions beyond SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence.

scholarly journals Design and experimental investigation of a novel spiral microfluidic chip to separate wide size range of micro-particles aimed at cell separation

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110297
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Tabatabaei ◽  
Mohammad Zabetian Targhi
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Monodisperse Polystyrene ◽  
Device Size

Isolation of microparticles and biological cells on microfluidic chips has received considerable attention due to their applications in numerous areas such as medical and engineering fields. Microparticles separation is of great importance in bioassays due to the need for smaller sample and device size and lower manufacturing costs. In this study, we first explain the concepts of separation and microfluidic science along with their applications in the medical sciences, and then, a conceptual design of a novel inertial microfluidic system is proposed and analyzed. The PDMS spiral microfluidic device was fabricated, and its effects on the separation of particles with sizes similar to biological particles were experimentally analyzed. This separation technique can be used to separate cancer cells from the normal ones in the blood samples. These components required for testing were selected, assembled, and finally, a very affordable microfluidic kit was provided. Different experiments were designed, and the results were analyzed using appropriate software and methods. Separator system tests with polydisperse hollow glass particles (diameter 2–20 µm), and monodisperse Polystyrene particles (diameter 5 & 15 µm), and the results exhibit an acceptable chip performance with 86% of efficiency for both monodisperse particles and polydisperse particles. The microchannel collects particles with an average diameter of 15.8, 9.4, and 5.9 μm at the proposed reservoirs. This chip can be integrated into a more extensive point-of-care diagnostic system to test blood samples.

scholarly journals Antibody response to immunization with influenza A/USSR/77 (H1N1) virus in young individuals primed or unprimed for A/New Jersey/76 (H1N1) virus

1981 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Masurel ◽  
P. Ophof ◽  
P. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Group A

SummaryA group of 269 pupils of the Harbour and Transport Training Institute in Rotterdam (group A), aged 13–20 years, and of 109 patients of the Dr Mr Willem van den Bergh Foundation at Noordwijk (group B), aged 11–21 years, were immunized with a whole virus vaccine containing 10, 20, or 40 μg HA of A/USSR/92/77 (H1N1) influenza virus. A booster vaccination was administered 6 weeks later with 20 μg HA of the same virus. Many of the participants had been immunized during the two preceding years with a whole virus vaccine containing A/New Jersey/8/76 (H1N1) (A/NJ/76) virus. The side-effects, mostly of a moderate nature, increased with the dose of virus in the vaccine. In group A side effects were least frequent in the vaccinees who had never received A/NJ/76 vaccine. A single dose of A/USSR/77 vaccine did not produce satisfactory levels of homologous antibodies. After booster immunization with 20 μg HA of A/USSR/77 virus participants showed a higher homologous antibody response in all vaccine-dose groups if they had not been immunized with A/NJ/76 virus in previous years. After primary and especially after booster immunization with A/USSR/77 virus, a very high response against A/NJ/76 virus and adequate levels of A/NJ/76 antibody were found in participants who had been immunized previously with A/NJ/76 virus. Those who had not been immunized with this virus previously showed no or a very low antibody response to A/NJ/76 virus.

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