scholarly journals Analysis of a Novel Bacteriophage vB_AchrS_AchV4 Highlights the Diversity of Achromobacter Viruses

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Laura Kaliniene ◽  
Algirdas Noreika ◽  
Algirdas Kaupinis ◽  
Mindaugas Valius ◽  
Edvinas Jurgelaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Dsdna Molecule ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Linear Dsdna ◽  
Close Relatives

Achromobacter spp. are ubiquitous in nature and are increasingly being recognized as emerging nosocomial pathogens. Nevertheless, to date, only 30 complete genome sequences of Achromobacter phages are available in GenBank, and nearly all of those phages were isolated on Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of bacteriophage vB_AchrS_AchV4. To the best of our knowledge, vB_AchrS_AchV4 is the first virus isolated from Achromobacter spanius. Both vB_AchrS_AchV4 and its host, Achromobacter spanius RL_4, were isolated in Lithuania. VB_AchrS_AchV4 is a siphovirus, since it has an isometric head (64 ± 3.2 nm in diameter) and a non-contractile flexible tail (232 ± 5.4). The genome of vB_AchrS_AchV4 is a linear dsDNA molecule of 59,489 bp with a G+C content of 62.8%. It contains no tRNA genes, yet it includes 82 protein-coding genes, of which 27 have no homologues in phages. Using bioinformatics approaches, 36 vB_AchrS_AchV4 genes were given a putative function. A further four were annotated based on the results of LC–MS/MS. Comparative analyses revealed that vB_AchrS_AchV4 is a singleton siphovirus with no close relatives among known tailed phages. In summary, this work not only describes a novel and unique phage, but also advances our knowledge of genetic diversity and evolution of Achromobacter bacteriophages.

scholarly journals Complete Mitogenomes of Euploea mulciber (Nymphalidae: Danainae) and Libythea celtis (Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) and Their Phylogenetic Implications

ISRN Genomics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiasheng Hao ◽  
Minǵe Sun ◽  
Qinghui Shi ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Lili Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Simple Loop ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Lepidopteran Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications

The complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the two butterfly species Euploea mulciber (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae) and Libythea celtis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) were determined in this study, comprising 15,166 bp and 15,164 bp, respectively. The orientation and the gene order of the two mitogenomes are identical to those of most of the other lepidopteran species. All protein-coding genes of Euploea mulciber and Libythea celtis mitogenomes start with a typical ATN codon with the exception of COI gene which uses CGA as its initial codon. All tRNA genes possess the typical cloverleaf secondary structure except for tRNASer (AGN), which has a simple loop with the absence of the DHU stem. There are short microsatellite-like repeat regions, but no conspicuous macrorepeats scattered throughout the A + T-rich regions. Phylogenetic analysis among the available butterfly species suggests that Libythea celtis (Libytheinae) is closely related to Calinaga davidis (Calinaginae), indicating that the subfamily Libytheinae may not represent a basal lineage of the Nymphalidae as previously suggested, and that Euploea mulciber stands at the base of the nymphalid tree as a sister to all other nymphalids.

scholarly journals The complete chloroplast genome sequence ofHelwingia himalaica(Helwingiaceae, Aquifoliales) and a chloroplast phylogenomic analysis of the Campanulidae

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yao ◽  
Ying-Ying Liu ◽  
Yun-Hong Tan ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Complete Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Chloroplast Genome Sequence

Complete chloroplast genome sequences have been very useful for understanding phylogenetic relationships in angiosperms at the family level and above, but there are currently large gaps in coverage. We report the chloroplast genome forHelwingia himalaica, the first in the distinctive family Helwingiaceae and only the second genus to be sequenced in the order Aquifoliales. We then combine this with 36 published sequences in the large (c. 35,000 species) subclass Campanulidae in order to investigate relationships at the order and family levels. TheHelwingiagenome consists of 158,362 bp containing a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,996 bp separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region and a small single-copy (SSC) region which are 87,810 and 18,560 bp, respectively. There are 142 known genes, including 94 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 40 tRNA genes. The topology of the phylogenetic relationships between Apiales, Asterales, and Dipsacales differed between analyses based on complete genome sequences and on 36 shared protein-coding genes, showing that further studies of campanulid phylogeny are needed.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Cupriavidus necator H16 (DSM 428)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth T. Little ◽  
Muhammad Ehsaan ◽  
Christian Arenas-López ◽  
Kamran Jawed ◽  
Klaus Winzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Cupriavidus Necator ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Cupriavidus Necator H16

The hydrogen-utilizing strain Cupriavidus necator H16 (DSM 428) was sequenced using a combination of PacBio and Illumina sequencing. Annotation of this strain reveals 6,543 protein-coding genes, 263 pseudogenes, 64 tRNA genes, and 15 rRNA genes.

scholarly journals The mitochondrial genome of Dipetalonema gracile from a squirrel monkey in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Zhang ◽  
R.K. Ran ◽  
A.Y. Abdullahi ◽  
X.L. Shi ◽  
Y. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Loop Structure ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes

AbstractDipetalonema gracile is a common parasite in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), which can cause malnutrition and progressive wasting of the host, and lead to death in the case of massive infection. This study aimed to identify a suspected D. gracile worm from a dead squirrel monkey by means of molecular biology, and to amplify its complete mitochondrial genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. The results identified the worm as D. gracile, and the full length of its complete mitochondrial genome was 13,584 bp, which contained 22 tRNA genes, 12 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, one AT-rich region and one small non-coding region. The nucleotide composition included A (16.89%), G (20.19%), T (56.22%) and C (6.70%), among which A + T = 73.11%. The 12 protein-coding genes used TTG and ATT as start codons, and TAG and TAA as stop codons. Among the 22 tRNA genes, only trnS1AGN and trnS2UCN exhibited the TΨC-loop structure, while the other 20 tRNAs showed the TV-loop structure. The rrnL (986 bp) and rrnS (685 bp) genes were single-stranded and conserved in secondary structure. This study has enriched the mitochondrial gene database of Dipetalonema and laid a scientific basis for further study on classification, and genetic and evolutionary relationships of Dipetalonema nematodes.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of cis-regulatory elements for photoreceptor type-specific transcription in zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Fang ◽  
Yi Wen ◽  
Xiangyun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Core Promoter ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Core Promoters ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Identification And Characterization

AbstractTissue-specific or cell type-specific transcription of protein-coding genes is controlled by both trans-regulatory elements (TREs) and cis-regulatory elements (CREs). However, it is challenging to identify TREs and CREs, which are unknown for most genes. Here, we describe a protocol for identifying two types of transcription-activating CREs—core promoters and enhancers—of zebrafish photoreceptor type-specific genes. This protocol is composed of three phases: bioinformatic prediction, experimental validation, and characterization of the CREs. To better illustrate the principles and logic of this protocol, we exemplify it with the discovery of the core promoter and enhancer of the mpp5b apical polarity gene (also known as ponli), whose red, green, and blue (RGB) cone-specific transcription requires its enhancer, a member of the rainbow enhancer family. While exemplified with an RGB cone-specific gene, this protocol is general and can be used to identify the core promoters and enhancers of other protein-coding genes.

scholarly journals The complete mitochondrial genome of a cold seep gastropod Phymorhynchus buccinoides (Neogastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242541
Author(s):  
Lvpei Du ◽  
Shanya Cai ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Ruoyu Liu ◽  
Haibin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
High Support

Phymorhynchus is a genus of deep-sea snails that are most distributed in hydrothermal vent or cold seep environments. In this study, we presented the complete mitochondrial genome of P. buccinoides, a cold seep snail from the South China Sea. It is the first mitochondrial genome of a cold seep member of the superfamily Conoidea. The mitochondrial genome is 15,764 bp in length, and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes. These genes are encoded on the positive strand, except for 8 tRNA genes that are encoded on the negative strand. The start codon ATG and 3 types of stop codons, TAA, TAG and the truncated termination codon T, are used in the 13 PCGs. All 13 PCGs in the 26 species of Conoidea share the same gene order, while several tRNA genes have been translocated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that P. buccinoides clustered with Typhlosyrinx sp., Eubela sp., and Phymorhynchus sp., forming the Raphitomidae clade, with high support values. Positive selection analysis showed that a residue located in atp6 (18 S) was identified as the positively selected site with high posterior probabilities, suggesting potential adaption to the cold seep environment. Overall, our data will provide a useful resource on the evolutionary adaptation of cold seep snails for future studies.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Bacteriophage Adumb2043, Isolated from Arthrobacter globiformis in Southern Colorado

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darien Brown ◽  
Shannon Isenhart ◽  
Auremie Kleven ◽  
Adam Gillison ◽  
Lee Anne Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Arthrobacter Globiformis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Colorado Springs ◽  
Protein Coding Genes

We report the discovery and genome sequence of phage Adumb2043, a siphovirus infecting Arthrobacter globiformis , B2979-SEA. Adumb2043 was isolated from soil collected in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The genome has a length of 43,100 bp and contains 68 predicted protein-coding genes and no tRNA genes. Adumb2043 is related to actinobacteriophages Elezi and London.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes for five Dicliptera species (Acanthaceae): molecular structure, phylogenetic relationships, and adaptive evolution

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunan Huang ◽  
Xuejun Ge ◽  
Asunción Cano ◽  
Betty Gaby Millán Salazar ◽  
Yunfei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes

The genus Dicliptera (Justicieae, Acanthaceae) consists of approximately 150 species distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Newly obtained chloroplast genomes (cp genomes) are reported for five species of Dilciptera (D. acuminata, D. peruviana, D. montana, D. ruiziana and D. mucronata) in this study. These cp genomes have circular structures of 150,689–150,811 bp and exhibit quadripartite organizations made up of a large single copy region (LSC, 82,796–82,919 bp), a small single copy region (SSC, 17,084–17,092 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 25,401–25,408 bp). Guanine-Cytosine (GC) content makes up 37.9%–38.0% of the total content. The complete cp genomes contain 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and four ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Comparative analyses of nucleotide variability (Pi) reveal the five most variable regions (trnY-GUA-trnE-UUC, trnG-GCC, psbZ-trnG-GCC, petN-psbM, and rps4-trnL-UUA), which may be used as molecular markers in future taxonomic identification and phylogenetic analyses of Dicliptera. A total of 55-58 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 229 long repeats were identified in the cp genomes of the five Dicliptera species. Phylogenetic analysis identified a close relationship between D. ruiziana and D. montana, followed by D. acuminata, D. peruviana, and D. mucronata. Evolutionary analysis of orthologous protein-coding genes within the family Acanthaceae revealed only one gene, ycf15, to be under positive selection, which may contribute to future studies of its adaptive evolution. The completed genomes are useful for future research on species identification, phylogenetic relationships, and the adaptive evolution of the Dicliptera species.

Phylogeny of the Styracaceae Revisited Based on Whole Plastome Sequences, Including Novel Plastome Data from Parastyrax

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-174
Author(s):  
Ming-Hui Yan ◽  
Chun-Yang Li ◽  
Peter W. Fritsch ◽  
Jie Cai ◽  
Heng-Chang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Small Single Copy

Abstract—The phylogenetic relationships among 11 out of the 12 genera of the angiosperm family Styracaceae have been largely resolved with DNA sequence data based on all protein-coding genes of the plastome. The only genus that has not been phylogenomically investigated in the family with molecular data is the monotypic genus Parastyrax, which is extremely rare in the wild and difficult to collect. To complete the sampling of the genera comprising the Styracaceae, examine the plastome composition of Parastyrax, and further explore the phylogenetic relationships of the entire family, we sequenced the whole plastome of P. lacei and incorporated it into the Styracaceae dataset for phylogenetic analysis. Similar to most others in the family, the plastome is 158189 bp in length and contains a large single-copy region of 88085 bp and a small single-copy region of 18540 bp separated by two inverted-repeat regions of 25781 bp each. A total of 113 genes was predicted, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic relationships among all 12 genera of the family were constructed with 79 protein-coding genes. Consistent with a previous study, Styrax, Huodendron, and a clade of Alniphyllum + Bruinsmia were successively sister to the remainder of the family. Parastyrax was strongly supported as sister to an internal clade comprising seven other genera of the family, whereas Halesia and Pterostyrax were both recovered as polyphyletic, as in prior studies. However, when we employed either the whole plastome or the large- or small-single copy regions as datasets, Pterostyrax was resolved as monophyletic with 100% support, consistent with expectations based on morphology and indicating that non-coding regions of the Styracaceae plastome contain informative phylogenetic signal. Conversely Halesia was still resolved as polyphyletic but with novel strong support.

Complete genome sequence ofParacoccus denitrificansATCC 19367 and its denitrification characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 486-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-yuan Si ◽  
Kai-hang Xu ◽  
Xiang-yong Yu ◽  
Mei-fang Wang ◽  
Xing-han Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Paracoccus Denitrificans ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Protein Coding Genes

Studies show that Paracoccus denitrificans can denitrify nitrogen sources under aerobic conditions. However, the lack of data on its genome sequence has restricted molecular studies and practical applications. In this study, the complete genome of P. denitrificans ATCC 19367 was sequenced and its nitrogen metabolism properties were characterized. The size of the whole genome is 5 242 327 bp, with two chromosomes and one plasmid. The average G + C content is 66.8%, and it contains 5308 protein-coding genes, 54 tRNA genes, and nine rRNA operons. Among the protein-coding genes, 71.35% could be assigned to the Gene Ontology (GO) pathway, 86.66% to the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) pathway, and 50.57% to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Comparative genome analysis between P. denitrificans ATCC 19367 and P. denitrificans PD1222 revealed that there are 428 genes specific to ATCC 19367 and 4738 core genes. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to denitrification, biofilm formation, and nitrogen metabolism (nar, nir, and nor) by P. denitrificans ATCC 19367 under aerobic conditions was affected by incubation time and shaking speed. This study elucidates the genomic background of P. denitrificans ATCC 19367 and suggests the possibility of controlling nitrogen pollution in the environment by using this bacterium.

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