scholarly journals Nudivirus Sequences Identified from the Southern and Western Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Sijun Liu ◽  
Thomas W. Sappington ◽  
Brad S. Coates ◽  
Bryony C. Bonning
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Short Read Sequence ◽  
Core Genes

Analysis of pooled genomic short read sequence data revealed the presence of nudivirus-derived sequences from U.S. populations of both southern corn rootworm (SCR, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) and western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). A near complete nudivirus genome sequence was assembled from sequence data for an SCR population with relatively high viral titers. A total of 147,179 bp was assembled from five contigs that collectively encode 109 putative open reading frames (ORFs) including 20 nudivirus core genes. In contrast, genome sequence recovery was incomplete for a second nudivirus from WCR, although sequences derived from this virus were present in three geographically dispersed populations. Only 48,989 bp were assembled with 48 putative ORFs including 13 core genes, representing about 20% of a typical nudivirus genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both corn rootworm nudiviruses grouped with the third known nudivirus of beetles, Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus in the genus Alphanudivirus. On the basis of phylogenetic and additional analyses, we propose further taxonomic separation of nudiviruses within Alphanudivirus and Betanudivirus into two subfamilies and five genera. Identification of nudivirus-derived sequences from two species of corn rootworm highlights the diversity of viruses associated with these agricultural insect pests.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of a Novel Positive-Sense, Single-Stranded RNA Virus Isolated from Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijun Liu ◽  
Yuting Chen ◽  
Thomas W. Sappington ◽  
Bryony C. Bonning
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT The genome sequence of a novel small RNA virus was assembled from the transcriptome of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. The assembled genome has 13,182 nucleotides with a 3′ polyadenylated tail. Two open reading frames are predicted to encode polyproteins of 2,838 and 1,073 amino acids.

scholarly journals Genome Analysis of an Alphabaculovirus Isolated from the Larch Looper, Erannis ankeraria

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Long Liu ◽  
Zhilin Zhang ◽  
Chenglin Liu ◽  
Liangjian Qu ◽  
Dun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Larch Forests ◽  
Genome Phylogeny ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Core Genes

The larch looper, Erannis ankeraria Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), is one of the major insect pests of larch forests, widely distributed from southeastern Europe to East Asia. A naturally occurring baculovirus, Erannis ankeraria nucleopolyhedrovirus (EranNPV), was isolated from E. ankeraria larvae. This virus was characterized by electron microscopy and by sequencing the whole viral genome. The occlusion bodies (OBs) of EranNPV exhibited irregular polyhedral shapes containing multiple enveloped rod-shaped virions with a single nucleocapsid per virion. The EranNPV genome was 125,247 bp in length with a nucleotide distribution of 34.9% G+C. A total of 131 hypothetical open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, including the 38 baculovirus core genes and five multi-copy genes. Five homologous regions (hrs) were found in the EranNPV genome. Phylogeny and pairwise kimura 2-parameter analysis indicated that EranNPV was a novel group II alphabaculovirus and was most closely related to Apocheima cinerarium NPV (ApciNPV). Field trials showed that EranNPV was effective in controlling E. ankeraria in larch forests. The above results will be relevant to the functional research on EranNPV and promote the use of this virus as a biocontrol agent.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of the First Coleopteran Iflavirus Isolated from Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijun Liu ◽  
Yuting Chen ◽  
Thomas W. Sappington ◽  
Bryony C. Bonning
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Rna Sequence ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte

ABSTRACT The genome sequence of a novel iflavirus was identified from the transcriptome of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. The RNA sequence consists of 9,823 nucleotides (nt) with a 3′ polyadenylated tail, containing a single open reading frame that encodes a 3,028-amino-acid polyprotein.

scholarly journals A new Bacillus thuringiensis protein for Western corn rootworm control

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242791
Author(s):  
Yong Yin ◽  
Stanislaw Flasinski ◽  
William Moar ◽  
David Bowen ◽  
Cathy Chay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Transgenic Maize ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
The Us ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Root Protection

The Western corn rootworm (WCR) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte is one of the most economically important insect pests in North America. Since 2003, transgenic maize expressing WCR-active proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been widely adopted as the main approach to controlling WCR in the U.S. However, the emergence of field resistance to the Bt proteins in current commercial products has been documented in recent years, highlighting the need to develop additional tools for controlling this devasting pest. Here we report the discovery of Vpb4Da2 (initially assigned as Vip4Da2), a new insecticidal protein highly selective against WCR, through high-throughput genome sequencing of a Bt strain sourced from grain dust samples collected in the eastern and central regions of the US. Vpb4Da2 contains a sequence and domain signature distinct from families of other WCR-active proteins. Under field conditions, transgenic maize expressing Vpb4Da2 demonstrates commercial-level (at or below NIS 0.25) root protection against WCR, and reduces WCR beetle emergence by ≥ 97%. Our studies also conclude that Vpb4Da2 controls WCR populations that are resistant to WCR-active transgenic maize expressing Cry3Bb1, Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 (reassigned as Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1), or DvSnf7 RNA. Based on these findings, Vpb4Da2 represents a valuable new tool for protecting maize against WCR.

scholarly journals Cry75Aa (Mpp75Aa) Insecticidal Proteins for Controlling the Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Isolated from the Insect Pathogenic Bacteria Brevibacillus laterosporus.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bowen ◽  
Yong Yin ◽  
Stanislaw Flasinski ◽  
Catherine Chay ◽  
Gregory Bean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Insecticidal Proteins ◽  
Brevibacillus Laterosporus

This study describes three closely related proteins, cloned from Brevibacillus laterosporus strains, that are lethal upon feeding to Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, the western corn rootworm (WCR). Mpp75Aa1, Mpp75Aa2 and Mpp75Aa3 were toxic to WCR larvae when fed purified protein. Transgenic plants expressing each mMpp75Aa protein were protected from feeding damage and showed significant reduction in adult emergence from infested plants by both susceptible and Cry3Bb1 and Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1-resistant WCR. These results demonstrate that proteins from B. laterosporus are as efficacious as the well-known Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins in controlling major insect pests such as WCR. The deployment of transgenic maize expressing mMpp75Aa along with other active molecules lacking cross-resistance have the potential to be a useful tool for control of WCR populations resistant to current Bt traits. IMPORTANCE Insects feeding on roots of crops can damage the plant roots resulting in yield loss due to poor water and nutrient uptake and plant lodging. In maize the western corn rootworm (WCR) can cause severe damage to the roots resulting in significant economic loss for farmers. Genetically modified (GM) expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insect control proteins, has provided a solution for control of these pests. In recent years populations of WCR resistant to the Bt proteins in commercial GM maize have emerged. There is a need to develop new insecticidal traits for the control of WCR populations resistant to current commercial traits. New proteins with commercial level efficacy on WCR from sources other than Bt are becoming more critical. The Mpp75Aa proteins, from B. laterosporus, when expressed in maize, are efficacious against the resistant populations of WCR and have the potential to provide solutions for control of resistant WCR.

scholarly journals Resistance of Wild Species of Peanut to an Insect Complex1

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Stalker ◽  
W. V. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
The North ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Production Area

Abstract A complex of insects which can cause moderate to severe crop damage attacks peanuts in the North Carolina-Virginia production area. Wild species representing the seven sections of the genus Arachis L. were evaluated for resistance to tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds), corn earworm (Heliothis zea Bodie), and potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris) during a 3-year field study. Very high levels of resistance for these insects were identified in several species collections. Because collections in section Arachis were among the species with the highest resistance levels, utilization of the germplasm resources to improve cultivated peanuts should be possible. In addition to evaluating species collections, 40-chromosome (A. hypogaea x wild species) hybrid derivatives were evaluated for resistance to the three insect pests plus southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber). Selections with resistance levels equal to or greater than the cultivar NC 6 were made for corn earworm and southern corn rootworm. Laboratory tests of several Arachis species indicated that a mechanism of resistance to H. zea is antibiosis. Because the levels of resistance to several insects have been greatly increased in lines of A. hypogaea, evidence exists for germplasm introgression from wild to the cultivated species of peanuts.

scholarly journals Novel Family of Carbohydrate-Binding Modules Revealed by the Genome Sequence of Spirochaeta thermophila DSM 6192

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (15) ◽  
pp. 5483-5489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Angelov ◽  
Christoph Loderer ◽  
Susanne Pompei ◽  
Wolfgang Liebl
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
Content Type ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding Modules

ABSTRACTSpirochaeta thermophilais a thermophilic, free-living, and cellulolytic anaerobe. The genome sequence data for this organism have revealed a high density of genes encoding enzymes from more than 30 glycoside hydrolase (GH) families and a noncellulosomal enzyme system for (hemi)cellulose degradation. Functional screening of a fosmid library whose inserts were mapped on theS. thermophilagenome sequence allowed the functional annotation of numerous GH open reading frames (ORFs). Seven different GH ORFs from theS. thermophilaDSM 6192 genome, all putative β-glycanase ORFs according to sequence similarity analysis, contained a highly conserved novel GH-associated module of unknown function at their C terminus. Four of these GH enzymes were experimentally verified as xylanase, β-glucanase, β-glucanase/carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), and CMCase. Binding experiments performed with the recombinantly expressed and purified GH-associated module showed that it represents a new carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) that binds to microcrystalline cellulose and is highly specific for this substrate. In the course of this work, the new CBM type was only detected inSpirochaeta, but recently we found sequences with detectable similarity to the module in the draft genomes ofCytophaga fermentansandMahella australiensis, both of which are phylogenetically very distant fromS. thermophilaand noncellulolytic, yet inhabit similar environments. This suggests a possibly broad distribution of the module in nature.

scholarly journals Diabrotica undecimpunctata virus 2, a Novel Small RNA Virus Discovered from Southern Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijun Liu ◽  
Arnubio Valencia-Jiménez ◽  
Molly Darlington ◽  
Ana M. Vélez ◽  
Bryony C. Bonning
Keyword(s):  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT The genome of Diabrotica undecimpunctata virus 2 (DuV2), a putative positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus identified from the southern corn rootworm transcriptome, comprises 5,313 nucleotides, including a short poly(A) tail. The two open reading frames encode a nonstructural polyprotein (p156) and a putative capsid protein (p25).

scholarly journals Enhancement of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa and Cry3Bb Toxicities to Coleopteran Larvae by a Toxin-Binding Fragment of an Insect Cadherin

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 3086-3092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjin Park ◽  
Mohd Amir F. Abdullah ◽  
Milton D. Taylor ◽  
Khalidur Rahman ◽  
Michael J. Adang
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Toxin Binding ◽  
Diabrotica Undecimpunctata Howardi ◽  
Overall Resistance

ABSTRACT The Cry3Aa and Cry3Bb insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis are used in biopesticides and transgenic crops to control larvae of leaf-feeding beetles and rootworms. Cadherins localized in the midgut epithelium are identified as receptors for Cry toxins in lepidopteran and dipteran larvae. Previously, we discovered that a peptide of a toxin-binding cadherin expressed in Escherichia coli functions as a synergist for Cry1A toxicity against lepidopteran larvae and Cry4 toxicity against dipteran larvae. Here we report that the fragment containing the three most C-terminal cadherin repeats (CR) from the cadherin of the western corn rootworm binds toxin and enhances Cry3 toxicity to larvae of naturally susceptible species. The cadherin fragment (CR8 to CR10 [CR8-10]) of western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera was expressed in E. coli as an inclusion body. By an enzyme-linked immunosorbent microplate assay, we demonstrated that the CR8-10 peptide binds α-chymotrypsin-treated Cry3Aa and Cry3Bb toxins at high affinity (11.8 nM and 1.4 nM, respectively). Coleopteran larvae ingesting CR8-10 inclusions had increased susceptibility to Cry3Aa or Cry3Bb toxin. The Cry3 toxin-enhancing effect of CR8-10 was demonstrated for Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata, southern corn rootworm Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, and western corn rootworm. The extent of Cry3 toxin enhancement, which ranged from 3- to 13-fold, may have practical applications for insect control. Cry3-containing biopesticides that include a cadherin fragment could be more efficacious. And Bt corn (i.e., corn treated with B. thuringiensis to make it resistant to pests) coexpressing Cry3Bb and CR8-10 could increase the functional dose level of the insect toxic activity, reducing the overall resistance risk.

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