scholarly journals A New Variant among Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018 and 2019

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Augustin T. Twabela ◽  
Lam Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Justin Masumu ◽  
Patrick Mpoyo ◽  
Serge Mpiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Current Vaccine ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly transmissible and devastating disease that affects poultry and wild birds worldwide. Comprehensive knowledge regarding the characteristics and epidemiological factors of the ND virus (NDV) is critical for the control and prevention of ND. Effective vaccinations can prevent and control the spread of the NDV in poultry populations. For decades, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has reported the impacts of ND on commercial and traditional poultry farming systems. The reports were preliminary clinical observations, and few cases were confirmed in the laboratory. However, data on the phylogenetic, genetic, and virological characteristics of NDVs circulating in the DRC are not available. In this study, the whole-genome sequences of three NDV isolates obtained using the next-generation sequencing method revealed two isolates that were a new variant of NDV, and one isolate that was clustered in the subgenotype VII.2. All DRC isolates were velogenic and were antigenically closely related to the vaccine strains. Our findings reveal that despite the circulation of the new variant, ND can be controlled in the DRC using the current vaccine. However, epidemiological studies should be conducted to elucidate the endemicity of the disease so that better control strategies can be implemented.

scholarly journals Community-based survey on helminth infections in Kwilu province, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and implications for local control strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0008745
Author(s):  
Raquel Inocencio da Luz ◽  
Sylvie Linsuke ◽  
Clémentine Roucher ◽  
Alain Mpanya ◽  
Jane Nyandele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Control ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

scholarly journals Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Cedric Zimbombe Vulu ◽  
Gillon Ilombe ◽  
Lucrecia Vizcaino ◽  
Joachim Mariën ◽  
Yasue Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Insecticide Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
First Time

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are arbovirus vectors of public health concern. Although the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) faces a long-standing risk of Aedes-borne viruses, data on insecticide resistance of Aedes populations are absent. To address this gap, we investigated insecticide susceptibility of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in areas with a high risk of arbovirus transmission. We also investigated the frequency of knock-down resistance (kdr) mutations in Ae. aegypti. Immature stages of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were collected from two sites in Kinshasa (Lingwala and Cité Verte) between April and July 2017 and reared to the adult stage. Wild-caught adult Ae. aegypti were collected in 2016 in another site (Ngaliema). Female Ae. aegypti (from Lingwala) and Ae. albopictus (from Cité Verte) were used in WHO tube insecticide susceptibility tests. The F1534C, V1016I and V410L kdr mutations were genotyped in Ae. aegypti from Lingwala and Ngaliema. We observed Ae. aegypti to be susceptible to bendiocarb, propoxur and malathion, suspected resistant to permethrin, and resistant to deltamethrin and DDT. Aedes albopictus was susceptible to bendiocarb, propoxur, malathion and permethrin, suspected resistant to deltamethrin and resistant to DDT. While F1534C and V1016I were not detected, a few Ae. aegypti from Lingwala were heterozygous for the mutation V410L. This study reports for the first time the insecticide resistance status of Aedes spp. and the detection of the kdr mutation V410L in Ae. aegypti in DRC. Given the resistance profile, carbamates and potentially malathion are recommended insecticide options against Ae. aegypti in Kinshasa. It will be important to develop Aedes control strategies based on the resistance patterns of Aedes in Kinshasa.

Comparative aspects of cricket farming in Thailand, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Halloran ◽  
R. Caparros Megido ◽  
J. Oloo ◽  
T. Weigel ◽  
P. Nsevolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Lao People’S Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao People's Democratic Republic ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Governmental Institutions

Cricket farming can have a positive impact on rural development and rural economy in low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, crickets have the potential to address food and nutrition insecurity and promote food sovereignty through the promotion of local production and consumption. This paper presents and discusses five complementary studies conducted in Thailand, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Kenya. Cricket farming is being promoted in these countries under research projects, public-private partnerships, NGOs and international organisations. In the majority of the countries, cricket farming is still in its infancy and research into how to improve cricket farming systems is still on-going. Cricket farming in Cambodia, Lao PDR, DRC and Kenya remains relatively limited, and many farmers are still a part of pilot projects. In each of the five regions, different cricket species have been a part of traditional diets. As discussed in this paper, many of the potential benefits of the production and consumption of crickets have not yet been realised in many cases due to: (1) lack of adequate support and awareness from stakeholders (especially government agencies); (2) unknown trade volumes; (3) high costs of inputs; and (4) cultural taboos. The information presented in this paper will be especially useful to stakeholders from governmental institutions, non-governmental organisations, civil society organisations and research institutions.

Constitutional Incorporation of the (Collective) Freedom to Govern Mineral Wealth: Comparing the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Alexandra Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
The People ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic

Constitutionalism may be gaining ascendancy in many countries in Africa. Yet thorough investigation of the extent to which current constitutions accord to the people their internationally recognised right to governance of their mineral wealth under Article 1(2) of the ICCPR has been lacking. Understanding the existing framework of rights which may support claims to land and natural resources is important. Constitutions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zambia demonstrate the reality of multiple, overlapping land interests and the limitations upon a people's claim to freely govern their mineral wealth.

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