scholarly journals Canine Distemper Outbreaks in Wild Carnivores in Northern Italy

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Tiziana Trogu ◽  
Sabrina Canziani ◽  
Sara Salvato ◽  
Alessandro Bianchi ◽  
Irene Bertoletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Italy ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Domestic Carnivores ◽  
Alpine Valleys

Canine distemper (CD) is a fatal, highly contagious disease of wild and domestic carnivores. In the Alpine territory, several outbreaks have occurred in the past few decades within wild populations. This study investigated the presence of canine distemper virus (CDV) infections in wild carnivores in Lombardy, relating to the different circulating genotypes. From 2018 to 2020, foxes, badgers, and martens collected during passive surveillance were subjected to necropsy and histological examination, showing classical signs and microscopic lesions related to CDV. Pools of viscera from each animal were analysed by molecular methods and immunoelectron microscopy. Total prevalences of 39.7%, 52.6%, and 14.3% were recorded in foxes, badgers, and stone martens, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences obtained belonged to the European 1 lineage and were divided into two different clades (a and b) according to the geographical conformation of alpine valleys included in the study. Clade a was related to the European outbreaks originating from Germany in 2006–2010, while clade b was closely related to the CDV sequences originating from northeastern Italy during the 2011–2018 epidemic wave. Our results suggest that CDV is currently well adapted to wild carnivores, mostly circulating with subclinical manifestations and without severe impact on the dynamics of these populations.

Vegetational and environmental changes in the eastern Venetian coastal plain (Northern Italy) over the past 80,000 years

2007 ◽  
Vol 253 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 300-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Canali ◽  
Luca Capraro ◽  
Sandra Donnici ◽  
Federica Rizzetto ◽  
Rossana Serandrei-Barbero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics of Carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 With High Sequence Similarity Between Wild and Domestic Carnivores in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Mei Chang ◽  
Chen-Chih Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
High Sequence Similarity ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Domestic Carnivores

Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) is a DNA virus causing gastrointestinal disease and immunosuppression in various terrestrial carnivores. Domestic dogs and cats are considered the primary CPPV-1 reservoirs. The habitat overlaps of wild carnivores and free-roaming dogs increases the threat of CPPV-1 transmission between them. This study explored the CPPV-1 distribution among wild carnivores through PCR screening and compared the DNA sequences of the partial capsid protein (VP2) between wild and domestic carnivores. In total, 181 samples were screened for the CPPV-1 VP2 gene, including 32 masked palm civets (Paguma larvata), 63 Chinese ferret badgers (Melogale moschata), and 86 crab-eating mongooses (Herpestes urva), from 2015 to 2019 in Taiwan. The average prevalence of CPPV-1 was 17.7% (32/181), with the highest prevalence in masked palm civets (37.5%). In addition, a masked palm civet was coinfected with two CPPV-1 strains. Among the 33 partial VP2 gene sequences, 23 were identical to sequences amplified from domestic dogs and cats in Asia and the remaining 10 were identified for the first time. This study demonstrated that CPPV-1 has circulated between domestic and wild carnivores in rural Taiwan. Therefore, further population control and health management of free-roaming domestic carnivores are recommended.

scholarly journals Infectious Diseases and Wildlife Conservation Medicine: The Case of the Canine Distemper in European Wolf Population

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2426
Author(s):  
Cristina E. Di Francesco ◽  
Camilla Smoglica ◽  
Simone Angelucci
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Wolf Population ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Conservation Medicine

Canine distemper is a contagious infectious disease, caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) belonging to Morbillivirus genus, Paramyxoviridae family, representing a serious threat for domestic and wild carnivores [...]

Agronomic value and morphophysiological diversity of non-Ladino Italian white clover wild populations compared with variety germplasm

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Annicchiarico
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wild Populations

Non-Ladino Italian white clover wild populations are widespread in hill and mountain areas of the Alps and northern Apennines. The agronomic value of these populations is unknown. This study was based on results of four experiments and had the following objectives: (i) comparing 11 small-leaved or medium-leaved wild populations from these areas with eight medium-leaved or large-leaved varieties of different origin and one wild population from Sardinia, for forage yield in a mown association with cocksfoot, forage yield under sheep grazing, seed yield, forage quality, and 14 vegetative or reproductive traits; (ii) investigating the relationships among traits; (iii) assessing the association of individual trait expression with the environments of origin of the wild populations. Clover competitive ability was greater in large-leaved material, tended to imply higher total yield of the association, and was unrelated to clover yield under grazing. Most wild populations from northern Italy were acyanogenic, several exhibited high yield under grazing and high seed yield, and one medium-leaved wild population outperformed any medium-leaved variety for forage and seed yield traits. Higher altitude of collecting site of these populations was related to lower forage yield and smaller size of some traits. Pasture collecting habitat implied greater adaptation to grazing than woodland, greater competitive ability than wasteland, and several morphophysiological differences relative to populations collected from wasteland or meadow. The Sardinian wild population displayed low seed yield and high cyanogenic potential, whereas the Ladino variety Giga was top-performing for forage yield in association and seed yield. Several vegetative and reproductive traits showed covariation. The generated results can drive the exploitation of non-Ladino genetic resources from northern Italy.

scholarly journals Marrying molecules and morphology: first steps towards a reevaluation of solariellid genera (Gastropoda: Trochoidea) in the light of molecular phylogenetic studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
S T Williams ◽  
Y Kano ◽  
A Warén ◽  
D G Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Clade B ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Anatomical Characters

ABSTRACT The assignment of species to the vetigastropod genus Solariella Wood, 1842, and therefore the family Solariellidae Powell, 1951, is complicated by the fact that the type species (Solariella maculata Wood, 1842) is a fossil described from the Upper Pliocene. Assignment of species to genera has proved difficult in the past, and the type genus has sometimes acted as a ‘wastebasket’ for species that cannot easily be referred to another genus. In the light of a new systematic framework provided by two recent publications presenting the first molecular phylogenetic data for the group, we reassess the shell characters that are most useful for delimiting genera. Shell characters were previously thought to be of limited taxonomic value above the species level, but this is far from the case. Although overall shell shape is not a reliable character, our work shows that shell characters, along with radular and anatomical characters, are useful for assigning species to genera. Sculpture of the early teleoconch (the region immediately following the protoconch) and the columella are particularly useful characters that have not been used regularly in the past to distinguish genera. However, even with the combination of all morphological characters used in this study (shell, radular and eye), a few species are still difficult to assign to genera and in such cases molecular systematic data are essential. In the present study, we discuss 13 genera—12 of which were recovered as well-supported clades in recent molecular systematic studies—and provide morphological characters to distinguish them. We describe several new taxa: Chonospeira n. gen. (referred to as ‘clade B’ in previous molecular systematic studies), Phragmomphalina n. gen. (Bathymophila in part in molecular systematic studies) and Phragmomphalina vilvensi n. sp. (type species of Phragmomphalina n. gen.). We synonymize Hazuregyra Shikama, 1962 with Minolia A. Adams, 1860, Minolia subangulata Kuroda & Habe, 1952 with Minolia punctata A. Adams, 1860 and M. gemmulata Kuroda & Habe, 1971 with M. shimajiriensis (MacNeil, 1960). We also present the following new combinations: Bathymophila bairdii (Dall, 1889), B. dawsoni (Marshall, 1979), B. regalis (Marshall, 1999), B. wanganellica (Marshall, 1999), B. ziczac (Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971), Chonospeira nuda (Dall, 1896), C. iridescens (Habe, 1961), C. ostreion (Vilvens, 2009), C. strobilos (Vilvens, 2009), Elaphriella corona (Lee & Wu, 2001), E. diplax (Marshall, 1999), E. meridiana (Marshall, 1999), E. olivaceostrigata (Schepman, 1908), E. opalina (Shikama & Hayashi, 1977), Ilanga norfolkensis (Marshall, 1999), I. ptykte (Vilvens, 2009), I. zaccaloides (Vilvens, 2009), Minolia shimajiriensis (MacNeil, 1960), M. watanabei (Shikama, 1962), Phragmomphalina alabida (Marshall, 1979), P. diadema (Marshall, 1999), P. tenuiseptum (Marshall, 1999), Spectamen euteium (Vilvens, 2009), S. basilicum (Marshall, 1999), S. exiguum (Marshall, 1999) and S. flavidum (Marshall, 1999).

scholarly journals Redescription of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844), an old taxon of the Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi group from East and southern Africa, and of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi (Audouin, 1826) (Ixodida, Ixodidae

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Apanaskevich ◽  
I.G. Horak ◽  
J-L. Camicas
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
First Time

Koch (1844) originally described only the male of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) elliptica (Koch, 1844), which he named Rhipistoma ellipticum. For the past century, however, this name has been considered a junior synonym of Haemaphysalis (Rhipistoma) leachi (Audouin, 1826), or a nomen nudum. We redescribe here the male and larva of H. (R.) elliptica and describe the female and nymph for the first time. Our redescription is based on the male holotype, plus numerous specimens from southern and East Africa. The adults of this tick parasitize domestic and wild carnivores, and the immature stages infest rodents in these regions. For comparative purposes redescriptions of all parasitic stages of H. (R.) leachi are provided. It parasitizes the same hosts as H. (R.) elliptica in Egypt, and in northeastern, Central, West and East Africa.

scholarly journals First evidence of active transpressive surface faulting at the front of the eastern Southern Alps, northeastern Italy. Insight on the 1511 earthquake seismotectonics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Falcucci ◽  
Maria Eliana Poli ◽  
Fabrizio Galadini ◽  
Giancarlo Scardia ◽  
Giovanni Paiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strike Slip ◽  
Southern Alps ◽  
Strike Slip Fault ◽  
Fault System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Dextral Strike Slip Fault ◽  
Seismic Lines ◽  
Dextral Strike Slip

Abstract. We investigated the eastern corner of northeastern Italy, where the NW-SE trending dextral strike-slip fault systems of western Slovenia intersects the south-verging fold and thrust belt of the eastern Southern Alps . The area suffered the largest earthquakes of the region, among which are the 1511 (Mw 6.3) event and the two major shocks of the 1976 seismic sequence, with Mw = 6.4 and 6.1 respectively. The Colle Villano thrust and the Borgo Faris-Cividale strike-slip fault have been first analyzed by interpreting industrial seismic lines and then by performing morpho-tectonic and paleoseismological analyses. These different datasets indicate that the two structures define an active, coherent transpressive fault system that activated twice in the past two millennia, with the last event occurring around the 15th–17th century. The chronological information, and the location of the investigated fault system suggest its activation during the 1511 earthquake.

scholarly journals Characterizing Precipitation Variability and Trends in the World’s Mediterranean-Climate Areas

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Deitch ◽  
Michele Sapundjieff ◽  
Shane Feirer
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The Mediterranean climate is principally characterized by warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. However, there are large variations in precipitation dynamics in regions with this climate type. We examined the variability of precipitation within and among Mediterranean-climate areas, and classified the Mediterranean climate as wet, moderate, or dry based on annual precipitation; and strongly, moderately, or weakly seasonal based on percentage of precipitation during summer. Mediterranean biomes are mostly dry (<700 mm annually) but some areas are wet (>1300 mm annually); and many areas are weakly seasonal (>12% of annual precipitation during summer). We also used NOAA NCDC climate records to characterize interannual variability of annual and dry-season precipitation, as well as trends in annual, winter, and dry-season precipitation for 337 sites that met the data quality criteria from 1975 to 2015. Most significantly, sites in many Mediterranean-climate regions show downward trends in annual precipitation (southern California, Spain, Australia, Chile, and Northern Italy); and most of North America, the Mediterranean basin, and Chile showed downward trends in summer precipitation. Variations in annual and summer precipitation likely contribute to the high biodiversity and endemism characteristic of Mediterranean-climate biomes; the data indicate trends toward harsher conditions over the past 40 years.

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