scholarly journals Identification of Novel Feline Paramyxoviruses in Guignas (Leopardus guigna) from Chile

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1397
Author(s):  
Michael Sieg ◽  
Irene Sacristán ◽  
Johannes Busch ◽  
Karen A. Terio ◽  
Javier Cabello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Origin ◽  
Leopardus Guigna

The family of paramyxoviruses has received growing attention as several new species have been identified recently, notably two different clusters in domestic cats, designated as feline morbillivirus (FeMV) and feline paramyxovirus (FPaV). Their phylogenetic origin and whether wild felids also harbor these viruses are currently unknown. Kidney samples from 35 guignas (Leopardus guigna), a wild felid from Chile, were investigated for paramyxoviruses using consensus-RT-PCR. In addition, thirteen serum samples of guignas were screened for the presence of FeMV-specific antibodies by an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Viral RNA was detected in 31% of the kidney samples. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two well-supported clusters, related to isolates from domestic cats, rodents and bats. No significant histopathology changes were recorded in infected guignas. Serology identified two samples which were positive for FeMV-specific antibodies. Our study highlights the diversity of paramyxovirus infections in felids with special emphasis on guignas from Chile.

scholarly journals Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses (Picornaviridae) with the Possibility of Interspecies Transmission Identified from Cloven-Hoofed Domestic Livestock (Ovine, Caprine and Bovine) in Hungary

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Zoltán László ◽  
Péter Pankovics ◽  
Gábor Reuter ◽  
Attila Cságola ◽  
Ádám Bálint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Domestic Livestock

Most picornaviruses of the family Picornaviridae are relatively well known, but there are certain “neglected” genera like Bopivirus, containing a single uncharacterised sequence (bopivirus A1, KM589358) with very limited background information. In this study, three novel picornaviruses provisionally called ovipi-, gopi- and bopivirus/Hun (MW298057-MW298059) from enteric samples of asymptomatic ovine, caprine and bovine respectively, were determined using RT-PCR and dye-terminator sequencing techniques. These monophyletic viruses share the same type II-like IRES, NPGP-type 2A, similar genome layout (4-3-4) and cre-localisations. Culture attempts of the study viruses, using six different cell lines, yielded no evidence of viral growth in vitro. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses show that bopivirus/Hun of bovine belongs to the species Bopivirus A, while the closely related ovine-origin ovipi- and caprine-origin gopivirus could belong to a novel species “Bopivirus B” in the genus Bopivirus. Epidemiological investigation of N = 269 faecal samples of livestock (ovine, caprine, bovine, swine and rabbit) from different farms in Hungary showed that bopiviruses were most prevalent among <12-month-old ovine, caprine and bovine, but undetectable in swine and rabbit. VP1 capsid-based phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of multiple lineages/genotypes, including closely related ovine/caprine strains, suggesting the possibility of ovine–caprine interspecies transmission of certain bopiviruses.

scholarly journals Exposure of Domestic Cats to Distinct Ehrlichia canis TRP Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Ísis Assis Braga ◽  
Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques ◽  
Estefânia Crivelatti Grontoski ◽  
Ingrid Savino de Oliveira Dias ◽  
Nathalia Assis Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Test ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Fluorescence Antibody ◽  
Indirect Fluorescence Antibody

Cats naturally exposed to Ehrlichia canis have been described in different regions of the world, but little is known about the genotypes associated with infection in these animals. To detect E. canis-specific antibodies and investigate the E. canis TRP genotypes in cats, serum samples from 76 domestic cats reactive to crude E. canis antigens by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) were analyzed by ELISA, using E. canis-specific peptides (i.e., TRP19 and TRP36 /BR/US/CR). Of these, 25 (32.9%) cats reacted to at least one TRP peptide, confirming their specific exposure to E. canis. Eighteen (23.7%) cats reacted to TRP19, 15 (19.8%) to BRTRP36, and 11 (14.5%) to USTRP36, but none of them reacted to CRTRP36. Eight (10.5%) cats reacted to TRP19 but not to any TRP36 genotype, demonstrating the possible existence of a new E. canis genotype infecting felines. Nevertheless, this study provides the first report of anti-E. canis-specific antibodies in domestic cats.

scholarly journals Echovirus 4 associated to hand, foot and mouth disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Hage Russo ◽  
Adriana Luchs ◽  
Bráulio Caetano Machado ◽  
Rita de Cássia Carmona ◽  
Maria do Carmo Sampaio Timenetsky
Keyword(s):  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Enteroviral Infection ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious enteroviral infection occurring primarily in children and characterized by vesicular palmoplantar eruptions and erosive stomatitis. Echovirus 4 (EV-4) has been commonly associated with aseptic meningitis. The association of HFMD with EV-4 has not been reported previously. Two samples of a 14-month child who presented mild fever, sores in the mouth, rash with blisters on the palm of hands and soles of feet were sent to Enteric Viruses Laboratory of Adolfo Lutz Institute. Clinical samples were inoculated in three different cell lines, and those which presented cytopathic effect (CPE), were submitted to Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) and "one step" RT-PCR. Agarose gel electrophoresis from RT-PCR product, showed a product with 437 bp, which is characteristic of Enterovirus group. Echovirus 4 was identified by IFA. Although HFMD is a viral infection associated mainly with Enterovirus 71 (HEV-71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), our results demonstrate a diversity of serotype related to HFMD and stress the importance of epidemiological surveillance to this disease and its complications.

Accuracy of a point-of-care luteinizing hormone test for help in distinguishing between sexually intact and ovariectomized or castrated domestic cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 955-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R Krecic ◽  
Brian A DiGangi ◽  
Brenda Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Test Sensitivity ◽  
Two Samples

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of a commercial luteinizing hormone (LH) test as an aid in distinguishing between sexually intact and ovariectomized or castrated domestic cats. Methods Convenience serum samples collected from sexually intact female and male cats (n = 67) undergoing elective sterilization surgery and archived sera from ovariectomized and castrated cats (n = 54) were tested for LH using a commercial diagnostic assay. Test results were compared with the known reproductive status of the cats. Additionally, sera from sexually intact (n = 54) and ovariectomized (n = 94) queens were collected at specific times of the year to evaluate possible seasonal effects on test results. Results Overall test sensitivity was 89.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 82.3–94.2%), specificity was 92.6% (95% CI 87.1–96.2%) and accuracy was 91.1%. Analysis of results of female cats (n = 216) – sexually intact (n = 87) and ovariectomized (n = 129) – yielded a test sensitivity of 90.8% (95% CI 82.7–96.0%), a specificity of 92.3% (95% CI 86.2–96.2%) and accuracy of 91.7%. Analysis of the results of male cats (n = 53) – sexually intact (n = 19) and neutered (n = 34) – yielded test a sensitivity of 85.3% (95% CI 68.9–95.1%), a specificity of 94.7% (95% CI 74.0–99.9%) and accuracy of 88.7%. The sera of 10 intact queens unexpectedly yielded positive LH results; two of these cats were in estrus, based on visual inspection at the time of ovariohysterectomy. Test accuracy was 94.6% for those 148 samples collected at specific times of the year, with two samples each over three, 3 month periods yielding false-positive results. Conclusions and relevance The commercial point-of-care LH test is a useful adjunct to historical and physical examination findings for determination of reproductive status in domestic cats. Repeat testing 24 h later should be considered for those female cats with signs of estrus and initial positive test results.

scholarly journals Zika virus isolation, propagation, and quantification using multiple methods

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255314
Author(s):  
Worawat Dangsagul ◽  
Kriengsak Ruchusatsawat ◽  
Apiwat Tawatsin ◽  
Don Changsom ◽  
Pirom Noisumdaeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Mosquito Cells ◽  
Autopsy Specimens ◽  
Intrathoracic Inoculation

Zika virus (ZIKV) was isolated from the archival urine, serum, and autopsy specimens by intrathoracic inoculation of Toxorhynchitis splendens and followed by three blind sub-passaging in C6/36 mosquito cells. The virus isolates were identified using an immunofluorescence assay and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). This study analyzed 11 ZIKV isolates. One isolate (0.6%) was obtained from 171 urine samples, eight (8.7%) from 92 serum samples and two from tissues of an abortive fetus. After propagation in C6/36 cells, ZIKV was titrated by plaque and focus forming unit (FFU) assays in Vero cell monolayers, and viral genomes were determined via real-time and digital RT-PCR. Plaque and FFU assay quantitations were comparable, with the amount of infectious viruses averaging 106−107 PFU or FFU/ml. Real-time RT-PCR semi-quantified the viral genome numbers, with Ct values varying from 12 to 14. Digital RT-PCR, which precisely determines the numbers of the viral genomes, consistently averaged 10–100 times higher than the number of infectious units. There was good correlation between the results of these titration methods. Therefore, the selection of a method should be based on the objectives of each research studies.

scholarly journals Persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1d infection in dairy heifer calves born within 38 days interval

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Zaparoli Zucoloto ◽  
Juliana Torres Tomazi Fritzen ◽  
Elis Lorenzetti ◽  
Rodrigo Pelisson Massi ◽  
Alice Fernandes Alfieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Abstract Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes a significant economic impact on the beef and dairy industries worldwide. Fetal infection with a non-cytopathic strain may lead to the birth of persistently infected (PI) offspring, the main event in the epidemiological chain of BVDV infection. This report describes the birth of 10 PI dairy calves from Brazil and the infecting BVDV subgenotype. Serum and blood samples were collected from 10 cows and 10 calves; all 10 calves were previously deemed BVDV positive by the ear notch rapid test. Serum samples were used in the virus neutralization technique to detect anti-BVDV antibody. Blood samples were used to detect BVDV RNA using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of the 5' UTR and Npro genes. All 10 cows were negative for BVDV RT-PCR, while all 10 calves were RT-PCR positive. Phylogenetic analyses were performed and the strain was classified as BVDV-1d. High titers of BVDV-specific antibodies in the serum of cows indicated recent circulation of BVDV in the dairy herd, whereas calves presented intermediate, low, or no anti-BVDV-1a antibody titers. The monitoring of circulating BVDV subgenotypes and the detection of PI animals is of great importance in disease control, and regular vaccination alone is insufficient to prevent BVDV infection.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Imported and Domestic Camels in Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Molecular Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif A. El-Kafrawy ◽  
Ahmed M. Hassan ◽  
Mai M. El-Daly ◽  
Mohammed Al-Hajri ◽  
Elmoubashar Farag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Amino Acid Difference ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses

Abstract Camels gained attention since the discovery of MERS-CoV as intermediary hosts for potentially epidemic zoonotic viruses. DcHEV is a novel zoonotic pathogen associated with camel contact. This study aimed to genetically characterize DcHEV in domestic and imported camels in Saudi Arabia. DcHEV was detected by RT-PCR in serum samples, PCR-positive samples were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. DcHEV was detected in 1.77% of samples with higher positivity in domestic DCs. All positive imported dromedaries were from Sudan with age declining prevalence. Domestic DcHEV sequences clustered with sequences from Kenya, Somalia, and UAE while imported sequences clustered with one DcHEV isolate from UAE and both sequences clustered away from isolates reported from Pakistan. Full-genome sequences showed 24 amino acid difference with reference sequences. Our results confirm the detection of DcHEV in domestic and imported DCs. Further investigations are needed in human and camel populations to identify DcHEV potential zoonosis threat.

scholarly journals Mammomonogamus nematodes in felid carnivores: a minireview and the first molecular characterization

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 1959-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Červená ◽  
Kristýna Hrazdilová ◽  
Peter Vallo ◽  
Jennifer Ketzis ◽  
Pompei Bolfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wild Felids ◽  
Mitochondrial And Nuclear Markers

AbstractFive of the 13 known species of Mammomonogamus have been described in members of the family Felidae, including domestic cats, making felids the most frequent hosts of Mammomonogamus. The occurrence of Mammomonogamus in felids is geographically scattered and information on the life cycle and other aspects of infections is lacking. The paucity of data opens the questions on possible conspecificity of some of the described species of Mammomonogamus and on the existence of possible reservoirs for infections in domestic cats in geographically isolated endemic foci of infection. To test such hypotheses, we compared sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear markers obtained from Mammomonogamus adults or eggs collected from domestic cats in three geographically distant localities. Based on morphology, geographic origin and site of infection, the worms examined can be referred to as Mammomonogamus ierei and Mammomonogamus auris. Phylogenetic analyses of both mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA markers showed monophyly of the genus Mammomonogamus and suggested the existence of at least two species in cats. Review of the literature, the existence of several species and the discontinuous geographic distribution of Mammomonogamus infections in domestic cats suggest an historical spillover of infection from wild reservoirs, presumably wild felids.

scholarly journals Serosurvey for tick-borne diseases in dogs from the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Granziera Spolidorio ◽  
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino ◽  
Samantha Yuri Oshiro Branco Valadas ◽  
Herbert Sousa Soares ◽  
Kedson Alessandri Lobo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
Canine Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia

Canine ehrlichiosis and babesiosis are the most prevalent tick-borne diseases in Brazilian dogs. Few studies have focused attention in surveying tick-borne diseases in the Brazilian Amazon region. A total of 129 blood samples were collected from dogs living in the Brazilian eastern Amazon. Seventy-two samples from dogs from rural areas of 19 municipalities and 57 samples from urban stray dogs from Santarém municipality were collected. Serum samples were submitted to Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) with antigens ofBabesia canis vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, and six Rickettsia species. The frequency of dogs containing anti-B. canis vogeli, anti-E. canis, and anti-Rickettsia spp. antibodies was 42.6%, 16.2%, and 31.7%, respectively. Anti-B. canis vogeli antibodies were detected in 59.6% of the urban dogs, and in 29.1% of the rural dogs (P < 0.05). For E. canis, seroprevalence was similar among urban (15.7%) and rural (16.6%) dogs. ForRickettsia spp., rural dogs presented significantly higher (P < 0.05) prevalence (40.3%) than urban animals (21.1%). This first study on tick-borne pathogens in dogs from the Brazilian eastern Amazon indicates that dogs are exposed to several agents, such asBabesia organisms, mostly in the urban area; Spotted Fever group Rickettsia organisms, mostly in the rural area; andEhrlichia organisms, in dogs from both areas studied.

scholarly journals Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus infection in newborn calves before colostrum intake

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Cecilia Martin ◽  
Camila Costa Baccili ◽  
Bruno Toledo Silva ◽  
Sylvia Marquart Fontes Novo ◽  
Natália Meirelles Sobreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

The detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection, especially among persistently infected calves (PI), should be performed earlier in order to eliminate the source of the infection and to prevent the spread of the disease in the herd. However, colostrum intake can influence the results of some of the tests used to diagnose the BVDV infection. Therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy of serum neutralization (SN) test in conjunction with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the diagnosis of BVDV infection before colostrum intake. The deliveries of the animals were assisted to select 52 newborn Holstein calves for inclusion in the study. Initially, the whole blood and serum samples were collected from the calves before (T0) and after (T1) the colostrum intake. The calves that were RT-PCR positive at any of the time-points were retested on the 30th day post birth (T2). The presence of specific antibodies for BVDV was evaluated by SN, and that of viral RNA by the RT-PCR. The BVDV-specific antibodies were observed in the serum of 13.46% (7/52) of the calves at T0 because of fetal infection. At T1, seroconversion was observed in 100% (52/52) of the calves. The geometric mean titers (GMT) of the antibodies for BVDV increased significantly from T0 (14.52) to T1 (2490) (P = 0.0001). Of the four calves that were RT-PCR positive before colostrum intake (T0), two were seronegative and two, seropositive. Of the forty-eight RT-PCR negative calves, five were seropositive. After 30 days post birth, all of the animals tested negative by RT-PCR, thus excluding the possibility of persistent infection. The association observed between the results of the SN and RT-PCR assays at T0 (P = 0.025) could not be observed at T1 (P &gt; 0.05). The SN test before the colostrum intake allowed the detection of fetal infection in the herd; however, this test was ineffective as a diagnostic method after the transfer of passive immunity. The confirmation of the results of the SN assay by those of the RT-PCR was essential for the identification of the infected calves before colostrum intake.

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