scholarly journals Eradication of Swine Vesicular Disease in Italy

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tamba ◽  
Francesco Plasmati ◽  
Emiliana Brocchi ◽  
Luigi Ruocco
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Virus Eradication ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Virus Activity ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Vesicular Disease

Swine vesicular disease (SVD) is a contagious viral disease of pigs clinically indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases, such as foot and mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis, vesicular exanthema of swine, and idiopathic vesicular disease. In Italy, where SVD was first reported in 1966, an eradication program started in 1995. The program, updated in 2008, was based on regionalization, complete control on pig movements, improvement of pig farms biosecurity, appropriate cleansing and disinfection procedures of vehicles approved for pig transportation, and a testing program using both serological and virological assays. In cases of confirmed SVD virus infection a stamping-out policy was applied. In the period 2009 to 2019, between 300,000 and 400,000 pigs were serologically tested each year. The last SVD outbreak was notified in 2015, and the last seropositive pig was detected in 2017. SVD surveillance is still ongoing and no proof of virus activity has been detected so far. All available data support the complete SVD virus eradication from the Italian pig industry.

On senecavirus transmission pathways and mechanism

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Oleg Yu. Chernykh ◽  
◽  
Aleksey V. Mishchenko ◽  
Vladimir A. Mishchenko ◽  
Valentina P. Semakina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Enveloped Virus ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Transmission Pathways ◽  
Vesicular Disease

Senecavirus infection is manifested by vesicular lesions of the skin of the distal parts of the limbs, patch and mammary gland in adult pigs and epizootic transient neonatal disease of newborn piglets. According to clinical signs and pathological changes, vesicular senecavirus infection in fattening pigs and adult pigs is indistinguishable from foot and mouth disease, porcine vesicular disease, porcine vesicular exanthema and vesicular stomatitis. The causative agent of senecavirus infection is a small, non-enveloped virus containing RNA coated with a protein capsid. Возбудитель относится к семейству Picornaviridae, роду Senecavirus. According to the data of 2019 senecavirus infection has been reported in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Colombia, China, Thailand, and Vietnam. There is a tendency to widespread senecavirus. A number of researchers believe that in the US, senecavirus infection has become endemic. Outbreaks of senecavirus infection in the Heilujiang province of China represent the greatest threat to pig breeding in the Russian Federation, since this province borders with Primorsky, Khabarovsk, the Jewish Autonomous and Amur regions. Experimentally proved the possibility of infection of pigs with senecavirus by alimentary route. It has been established that certain food ingredients are risk factors for the movement of viruses, including senecavirus, across the country and around the world. These results indicate a great risk of introducing senecavirus into Russia with feed ingredients. Isolation of senecavirus from samples of the lungs of sick pigs indicates a possible infection of animals by an aerogenous route. Senecavirus is excreted from the mouth out of the body of pigs, as well as with feces within 28 days.

scholarly journals Nuclear-Targeting Delivery of CRISPRa System for Upregulation of β-Defensin against Virus Infection by Dexamethasone and Phenylalanine Dual-Modified Dendrimer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mingxiang Zuo ◽  
Xiaoxia Li ◽  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Du Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
Nuclear Targeting ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Targeting Delivery ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

The dual-modified dendrimer containing dexamethasone (DET) and phenylalanine (Phe) was prepared to deliver plasmid DNA encoding dCas9 and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) for specific upregulation of β-defensin. DET and Phe moieties synergistically enhanced the transfection efficiency and reduced cytotoxicity of dendrimers. Combination of three sgRNAs targeting β-defensin gene demonstrated higher activation efficacy of β-defensin than any single sgRNA and combinations of any two sgRNAs, showing an efficient inhibition of virus infection and replication. The titer of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in the cells treated with dCas9-sgRNA targeting β-defensin was reduced by about 100-fold compared to that of cells treated with dCas9-scramble sgRNA (dCas9-scr sgRNA). In vivo experiments demonstrated that the DET- and Phe-modified dendrimer effectively delivered plasmid DNA encoding dCas9 protein into the airway epithelium, inducing β-defensin expression. Delivery of the CRISPR activation system by a dendrimer modified with DET and Phe was a promising approach against viral disease.

Foot-and-mouth disease, Vesicular stomatitis, Newcastle disease, and Swine vesicular disease

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Kurkela ◽  
David W. G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Vesicular Disease

In this chapter we review four viral zoonoses that are an important cause of a vesicular disease in animals, but only occasionally cause human infections. These viruses represent three different taxonomical families (Picornaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Paramyxoviridae). Their clinical manifestations in animals resemble each another, characterised by vesicular eruptions in skin and mucous membranes, while human manifestations are generally mild and range from skin lesions and conjunctivitis to influenza-like illness and rarely encephalitis.

scholarly journals Antibodies against vesicular stomatitis virus in horses from southern, midwestern and northeastern Brazilian States

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Leobet Lunkes ◽  
Alexandre Alberto Tonin ◽  
Gustavo Machado ◽  
Luis Gustavo Corbellini ◽  
Gustavo Nogueira Diehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Vesicular Disease

ABSTRACT: Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the agent of a vesicular disease that affects many animal species and may be clinically confounded with foot-and-mouth disease in ruminant and swine. Horses are especially susceptible to VSV and may serve as sentinels for virus circulation. The present study investigated the presence of neutralizing antibodies against VSV Indiana III (VSIV-3) in serum samples of 3,626 horses from six states in three Brazilian regions: Southern (RS, n = 1,011), Midwest (GO/DF, n = 1,767) and Northeast (PB, PE, RN and CE, n = 848) collected between 2013 and 2014. Neutralizing antibodies against VSIV-3 (titers ≥40) were detected in 641 samples (positivity of 17.7%; CI95%:16.5-19.0%), being 317 samples from CE (87.3%; CI95%: 83.4-90.5 %); 109 from RN (65.7%; CI95%: 57.8 -72.7%); 124 from PB (45.4%; CI95%: 39.4-51.5%); 78 from GO/DF (4.4%; CI95%: 3.5-5.5%) and nine samples of RS (0.9%; CI95%: 0.4-1.7%). Several samples from the Northeast and Midwest harbored high neutralizing titers, indicating a recent exposure to the virus. In contrast, samples from RS had low titers, possibly due to a past remote exposure. Several positive samples presented neutralizing activity against other VSV serotypes (Indiana I and New Jersey), yet in lower titers, indicating the specificity of the response to VSIV-3. These results demonstrated a relatively recent circulation of VSIV-3 in northeastern Brazilian States, confirming clinical findings and demonstrating the sanitary importance of this infection.

Rapid and differential diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease, swine vesicular disease, and vesicular stomatitis by a new multiplex RT-PCR assay

2008 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovita Fernández ◽  
Montserrat Agüero ◽  
Luis Romero ◽  
Carmen Sánchez ◽  
Sándor Belák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Vesicular Disease

Ovarian activity in crossbred Thai native does during naturally occurring foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phubet Satsook ◽  
Sukanya Rattanatabtimtong ◽  
Lak Piasai ◽  
Patcharapa Towiboon ◽  
Chalermchart Somgird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Foot And Mouth
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