scholarly journals HBV Prevention and Treatment in Countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daulet Amerzhanov ◽  
Indira Suleimenova ◽  
Salima Davlidova ◽  
Zhamilya Nugmanova ◽  
Syed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Free Mobility ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Hbv Prevention ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Culture Tradition

The countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus are linked by travel and trade, which is promoted by visa-free mobility across borders. Unfortunately, this migrant mobility has given rise to the transmission of various infections within this region. Overlaps in culture, tradition, and behavior among these countries provide opportunities to share experiences that have proven effective in controlling transmission. Here we present a review of hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, prevention and treatment across Central Asia and the Caucasus. Overall, owing to effective measures, while HBV prevalence has been steadily declining in the region, certain gaps still exist regarding the generation and availability of HBV infection data.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women living with or at risk for HIV: a cross sectional study in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusegun A. Adeyemi ◽  
Andrew Mitchell ◽  
Ashley Shutt ◽  
Trevor A. Crowell ◽  
Nicaise Ndembi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Condomless Sex ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Despite the development of a safe and efficacious hepatitis B vaccine in 1982, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to shared risk factors for virus acquisition, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) living with HIV are at increased risk of HBV. We estimated the prevalence of HBV and associated factors for MSM and TGW living with or without HIV in Nigeria. Methods Since March 2013, TRUST/RV368 has recruited MSM and TGW in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria using respondent driven sampling. Participants with HIV diagnosis, enrollment as of June 2015, and available plasma were selected for a cross-sectional study and retrospectively tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with prevalent HBV infection. Results A total of 717 MSM and TGW had a median age of 25 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 21–27), 5% self-reported HBV vaccination, 61% were living with HIV, 10% had prevalent HBV infection and 6% were HIV-HBV co-infected. HIV mono-infected as compared to HIV-HBV co-infected had a higher median CD4 T cell count [425 (IQR: 284–541) vs. 345 (IQR: 164–363) cells/mm3, p = 0.03] and a lower median HIV RNA viral load [4.2 (IQR: 2.3–4.9) vs. 4.7 (IQR: 3.9–5.4) log10copies/mL, p < 0.01]. The only factor independently associated with HBV was self-report of condomless sex at last anal intercourse (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.6). HIV infection was not independently associated with HBV (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.7–1.6). Conclusion HBV prevalence was moderately high but did not differ by HIV in this cohort of MSM and TGW. Recent condomless sex was associated with elevated HBV risk, reinforcing the need to increase communication and education on condom use among key populations in Nigeria. Evaluating use of concurrent HIV antiretroviral therapy with anti-HBV activity may confirm the attenuated HBV prevalence for those living with HIV.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1500-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Gitlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurs worldwide and is an important cause of acute and chronic viral hepatitis in the US. In this review, I describe the virus, risk factors for infection, clinical features of infection, results of laboratory tests during infection, and standard and emerging treatment for chronic infection. Although 95% of adult patients recover completely from HBV infection, 90% of children ≤4 years of age develop chronic infection. Active vaccination is highly efficacious.

scholarly journals Addressing the global burden of hepatitis B virus while developing long-acting injectables for the prevention and treatment of HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e443-e448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C Bollinger ◽  
Chloe L Thio ◽  
Mark S Sulkowski ◽  
Jane McKenzie-White ◽  
David L Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Long Acting

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Chinese Dental Interns

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyi Li ◽  
Hengjiu Kang ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Zhaomin Deng ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
And Behavior

Hepatitis B virus prevalence in rural areas in south-west Chad

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Suesstrunk ◽  
Fédéric Berniba Djongali
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Population Based ◽  
South West ◽  
B Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Hepatitis B Antigen ◽  
Age Range

In Chad, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is thought to have a high prevalence and is consequently responsible for numerous acute and long-term complications. It is often detected during screening in potential blood donors. However, no general population-based study on the prevalence of hepatitis B has been performed. The aim of this study was to gain an impression of the HBV prevalence in rural areas in south-west Chad. A total of 1309 individuals (745 boys/men, 564 girls/women) with a median age of 15 years (age range, 6–81 years) were screened for the presence of the hepatitis B antigen (HBsAG). We found an overall prevalence of 22.9%. The youngest age group (6–15 years) and the boys/men showed a significantly higher HBsAG prevalence compared to the older groups and the girls/women, respectively ( P < 0.01). Vertical infection during birth and horizontal infection by sharing food, water and shelter are believed to be the main sources of infection.

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