scholarly journals Special Issue: “Plant Virus Pathogenesis and Disease Control”

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Bryce W. Falk ◽  
Shahideh Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Effective Strategies

Plant viruses are emerging and re-emerging to cause important diseases in many plants that humans grow for food and/or fiber, and sustainable, effective strategies for controlling many plant virus diseases remain unavailable [...]

scholarly journals Plant Virus Epidemiology: Applications and Prospects for Mathematical Modeling and Analysis to Improve Understanding and Disease Control

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Jeger ◽  
L. V. Madden ◽  
F. van den Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disease Epidemics

In recent years, mathematical modeling has increasingly been used to complement experimental and observational studies of biological phenomena across different levels of organization. In this article, we consider the contribution of mathematical models developed using a wide range of techniques and uses to the study of plant virus disease epidemics. Our emphasis is on the extent to which models have contributed to answering biological questions and indeed raised questions related to the epidemiology and ecology of plant viruses and the diseases caused. In some cases, models have led to direct applications in disease control, but arguably their impact is better judged through their influence in guiding research direction and improving understanding across the characteristic spatiotemporal scales of plant virus epidemics. We restrict this article to plant virus diseases for reasons of length and to maintain focus even though we recognize that modeling has played a major and perhaps greater part in the epidemiology of other plant pathogen taxa, including vector-borne bacteria and phytoplasmas.

Epidemiology of aphid-transmitted plant-virus diseases

1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
And Migration

Aphids are notorious vectors of plant viruses. This role is facilitated by their method of feeding, by their enormous fecundity, and by their varied migration patterns. There is also a close and fascinating relationship between particular aphid species and the viruses transmitted by them. Aphid reproduction and migration are markedly dependent on weather conditions, and this dependence is very clearly reflected in the epidemiology of aphid-borne viruses.

scholarly journals On the interactions of two strains of a plant virus; experiments on induced immunity in plants

1935 ◽  
Vol 117 (803) ◽  
pp. 120-139 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Induced Immunity

The nature of the causative agent of virus diseases is obscure. A great deal of information on the reactions of the agent and on the symptomato­logy of these diseases has, however, been accumulated, with a view to bringing to the solution of the main problem the largest available amount of detail. While there is no irrefutable argument in support of either the organismal or the non-organismal hypothesis, it has become clear, as the investigations have progressed, that the viruses of both plant and of animal diseases possess many of the qualities usually associated with organisms. The existence of strains in the animal viruses is now generally accepted, though less information has been available regarding this aspect of the plant viruses. The purpose of the present paper is to direct attention to the presence of strains in what was previously thought to be a single virus, and to the probability of similar conditions obtaining in other viruses. The interactions of these strains, one with another, and with other viruses have been examined and are also described and discussed. It is shown that four types of interaction between different plant viruses can be recognized and these types are examined in some detail.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Jasmonate Signaling by Plant Viruses and Their Insect Vectors

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujuan Wu ◽  
Jian Ye
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Secondary Damage ◽  
Molecular And Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Ja Signaling

Plant viruses pose serious threats to stable crop yield. The majority of them are transmitted by insects, which cause secondary damage to the plant host from the herbivore-vector’s infestation. What is worse, a successful plant virus evolves multiple strategies to manipulate host defenses to promote the population of the insect vector and thereby furthers the disease pandemic. Jasmonate (JA) and its derivatives (JAs) are lipid-based phytohormones with similar structures to animal prostaglandins, conferring plant defenses against various biotic and abiotic challenges, especially pathogens and herbivores. For survival, plant viruses and herbivores have evolved strategies to convergently target JA signaling. Here, we review the roles of JA signaling in the tripartite interactions among plant, virus, and insect vectors, with a focus on the molecular and biochemical mechanisms that drive vector-borne plant viral diseases. This knowledge is essential for the further design and development of effective strategies to protect viral damages, thereby increasing crop yield and food security.

scholarly journals Field Application of Nanoliposomes Delivered Quercetin by Inhibiting Specific hsp70 Gene Expression Against Plant Virus Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Kaiqiang Hao ◽  
Fangfei Yu ◽  
Lili Shen ◽  
Fenglong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Control Efficiency

Abstract The annual economic loss caused by plant viruses exceeds 10 billion dollars due to the lack of ideal control measures. Quercetin is a flavonol compound that exerts a control effect on plant virus diseases, but its poor solubility and stability limit the control efficiency. Fortunately, the development of nanopesticides has led to new ideas. In this study, 117 nm quercetin nanoliposomes with excellent stability were prepared from biomaterials, and few surfactants and stabilizers were added to optimize the formula. Nbhsp70er-1 and Nbhsp70c-A were found to be the target genes of quercetin, through abiotic and biotic stress, and the nanoliposomes improved the inhibitory effect at the gene and protein levels by 33.6% and 42%, respectively. Finally, the results of field experiment showed that the control efficiency was 38% higher than that of the conventional quercetin formulation and higher than those of other antiviral agents. This research is the first to report the combination of biological antiviral agents and nanotechnology to control plant virus diseases, and it significantly improved the control efficiency and reduced the use of traditional chemical pesticides.

scholarly journals Field application of nanoliposomes delivered quercetin by inhibiting specific hsp70 gene expression against plant virus disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Kaiqiang Hao ◽  
Fangfei Yu ◽  
Lili Shen ◽  
Fenglong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Control Efficiency

Abstract Background The annual economic loss caused by plant viruses exceeds 10 billion dollars due to the lack of ideal control measures. Quercetin is a flavonol compound that exerts a control effect on plant virus diseases, but its poor solubility and stability limit the control efficiency. Fortunately, the development of nanopesticides has led to new ideas. Results In this study, 117 nm quercetin nanoliposomes with excellent stability were prepared from biomaterials, and few surfactants and stabilizers were added to optimize the formula. Nbhsp70er-1 and Nbhsp70c-A were found to be the target genes of quercetin, through abiotic and biotic stress, and the nanoliposomes improved the inhibitory effect at the gene and protein levels by 33.6 and 42%, respectively. Finally, the results of field experiment showed that the control efficiency was 38% higher than that of the conventional quercetin formulation and higher than those of other antiviral agents. Conclusion This research innovatively reports the combination of biological antiviral agents and nanotechnology to control plant virus diseases, and it significantly improved the control efficiency and reduced the use of traditional chemical pesticides. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Biotechnological approaches for plant viruses resistance: from general to the modern RNA silencing pathway

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas Pessini Rodrigues ◽  
George G. Lindsey ◽  
Patricia Machado Bueno Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Resistance Strategies

Virus diseases are significant threats to modern agriculture and their control remains a challenge to the management of cultivation. The main virus resistance strategies are based on either natural resistance or engineered virus-resistant plants. Recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of resistance genes has promoted the development of new anti-virus strategies. Engineered plants, in particular plants expressing RNA-silencing nucleotides, are becoming increasingly important and are likely to provide more effective strategies in future. A general discussion on the biotechnology of plant responses to virus infection is followed by recent advances in engineered plant resistance.

Search mode for rapid detection of virus particles

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Search Mode ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Focus Image ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Rapid Switching

Electron microscopy is frequently used in preliminary diagnosis of plant virus diseases by surveying negatively stained preparations of crude extracts of leaf samples. A major limitation of this method is the time required to survey grids when the concentration of virus particles (VPs) is low. A rapid survey of grids for VPs is reported here; the method employs a low magnification, out-of-focus Search Mode similar to that used for low dose electron microscopy of radiation sensitive specimens. A higher magnification, in-focus Confirm Mode is used to photograph or confirm the detection of VPs. Setting up the Search Mode by obtaining an out-of-focus image of the specimen in diffraction (K. H. Downing and W. Chiu, private communications) and pre-aligning the image in Search Mode with the image in Confirm Mode facilitates rapid switching between Modes.

scholarly journals Softening of Processed Plant Virus Infected Cucumis sativus Fruits

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451
Author(s):  
Anne-Katrin Kersten ◽  
Sabrina Scharf ◽  
Martina Bandte ◽  
Peer Martin ◽  
Peter Meurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Textural Changes

Texture softening of pickled cucumbers does not meet consumers’ quality expectations and leads to economic losses. The factor(s) triggering this phenomenon is still unknown. We investigated the importance of plant viruses such as Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus (CGMMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) in the context of softening of pickles. Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) were infected by mechanical inoculation, grown under greenhouse conditions and tested positive for the viral infection by ELISA. The severity of virus infection was reflected in yield and symptom expression. Histological and morphological alterations were observed. All fruits were pasteurized, separately stored in jars and subjected to texture measurements after four, six and 12 months. CGMMV-infections were asymptomatic or caused mild symptoms on leaves and fruit, and texture quality was comparable to control. At the same time, fruits of ZYMV-infected plants showed severe symptoms like deformations and discoloration, as well as a reduction in firmness and crunchiness after pasteurization. In addition, histological alterations were detected in such fruits, possibly causing textural changes. We conclude that plant viruses could have a considerable influence on the firmness and crunchiness of pickled cucumbers after pasteurization. It is possible that the severity of symptom expression has an influence on texture properties.

scholarly journals Special Issue: “Plant Virus Epidemiology”

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1188
Author(s):  
Dirk Janssen ◽  
Leticia Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Special Issue

We are pleased to present this Special Issue on the topic of “Plant virus Epidemiology” [...]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document